The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
The historical center of the holy cities, including the ancient city of Najaf, is rich in historical buildings that hold significant value for the city's civilization and heritage. Preserving them is crucial as they embody spiritual, artistic, aesthetic, historical, and cultural values. Therefore, it is necessary to establish mechanisms to implement international conventions that focus on preserving these values, not only religiously but also culturally, to enhance the archaeological reality of historical buildings. The study examines the historical buildings in the ancient city of Najaf, specifically the Holy Haidariyya Shrine and its associated historical buildings, conducting an evaluative study of international preservation standards and the Najaf Charter. The research aims to understand the current status of these historical buildings, assess their alignment with internationally recognized preservation standards, review the Najaf Charter, and its application and effectiveness in preserving the city's cultural heritage. Consequently, the research problem is defined as the lack of knowledge about the role of preservation and the available mechanisms for preserving historical buildings in the ancient city of Najaf. To address this issue, the research hypothesis was selected, suggesting that understanding the available mechanisms for implementing international standards and the Najaf Charter contributes to the preservation of historical buildings in the city, thus enhancing its cultural and historical identity. The research comprises three sections; the first discusses the conceptual framework of historical buildings, the second focuses on international heritage standards for evaluating the value of historical buildings, while the third section concentrates on the applied study by examining the Holy Haidariyya Shrine and its associated historical buildings. The research reached several conclusions and recommendations, emphasizing the importance of preserving the historical and religious character of the ancient city of Najaf through urban planning, relying on international conventions and the Najaf Charter in legislating and applying legal rules to protect historical buildings in the city, considering the historical and cultural context.

Abstract:-
The study aims to reveal and explain the fundamentalist approach in the jurisprudence of new issues and contracts as an example. Among the important jurisprudential issues that plague us in the present era are calamities and new issues. To extract and deduce rulings, we always need rules, principles, and a method studied in the science of principles. This thesis aims to reveal and establish the fundamentalist approach in the jurisprudence of new issues for rooting and application, in contracts as an example. What is the fundamentalist approach in the jurisprudence of new issues in contracts? This is the main question that we seek to answer in this study.
The method we followed is descriptive, analytical and deductive.
Through the study, we reached a number of results regarding establishing the curriculum for new issues and contracts, including:
The scientific method, even if it means research, is following certain logical steps that deal with problems or phenomena or dealing with scientific issues, but here it means the method of the science of principles, which expresses deduction and also differs from other sciences, as it is a method specific to the science of principles. What is meant by the new ruling is the legal ruling issued by the Holy Law, but it did not reach those responsible due to the absence of its subject matter that relates to it in the age of legislation.
The criterion for novelty is that what the jurists discussed under the title of being among the newly introduced issues, and this criterion is complete and is an expression of all the new topics that the jurists did not address, whether they fall under the general terms of evidence or not, and the research into the new issues is about determining whether they fall under the generalities. We also use evidence other than absolute terms to derive new rulings.
Among the most important applications of the new issues that are inferred using the fundamentalist approach are the issues related to legal banknotes, banking transactions, some speculation issues in modern forms, conducting contracts by telephone and electronic means, lottery tickets and mercenaries.

Abstract:-
Virtual or encrypted currencies are electronic currencies that are not supported by any official, institutional or private party and are used through the Internet only, within the scope of institutions and companies that accept dealing with them. They can be exchanged for paper currencies such as the dollar and the euro with encrypted operations via the Internet. These currencies can be an alternative to cash, as customers can use them to trade among themselves without involving sovereign entities or central banks. Dealing in these currencies is considered a crime punishable by law, we show in this study the elements of the crime of dealing with virtual currencies.

Abstract:-
Water technologies are considered one of the most important historical paths that have aroused the interest of researchers, historians, and even engineers.We believe that topics related to water and its technologies exert a kind of scientific attraction and temptation because of their importance, such as the answer to the question of how to solve the water problem in a time before the emergence of industry and technology. And also because it tells the story of an integrated civilization that combines its intellectual and societal aspects, in addition to the skill of the craftsmen who succeeded in transforming technology from a mere idea into a plan and then into a beneficial reality for the human group that witnessed the emergence of these technologies. Accordingly, through this article, we want to direct the reader’s attention towards the waterwheel technique in the Far Maghreb during the Middle Ages, and specifically during the Marinid period. he founding of New Fez required supplying the city with water to complete its image and fulfill the political and cultural mission assigned to it, given that it had become the capital of the Marinids and the seat of their authority. Based on this perspective, the establishment of the Great Waterwheel of Fez has become more than just an aesthetic issue, to become a cultural necessity and a political choice that tells the story of a profound blend between the Andalusian experience and the geographical reality of the city of Fez, so that the water of the Fez River, or part of it, can be diverted to meet the water needs of the new city.

Abstract:
The date of Husseini condolences returned to the al-Tuff battle to the tenth of Muharram in the year 61AH. The first condolence may be done in the house of Yazeed bin Mu'awiya. The repentant, also, held a condolence at the grave of Imam Hussein(peace be upon him) that they stayed a day and a night at the grave crying, praying and begging for mercy on him and his companions. When the Abbasid rule was established, they began to prevent the Husseini condolences as part of their anti-Ahl-al-Bayt policy. Except during al-Ma'mun's rein , it was permitted to establish the Husseini condolence councils during the days of Muharram. The Buyid Moez al-Dawla was the first who made the tenth of Muharram a mourning day at the memory of the Tuff incident, while the government departments and market are closed. During the Ottoman Empire era , the Ottoman governors prevented the establishment of the Husseini condolence councils in different means. But these councils were established in the Holy Kerbela secretly. And when the Ottomans departed, the consolation councils were established in all cities of Iraq particularly the Holy Kerbela. The establishment of the Husseini councils lasted in the city during the royal era and during the Republican era in the sixties of the twenty century.

Abstract:-
The Noble Quran, in all its chapters and verses, expresses speech in a manner that is most effective according to the circumstances of the audience and the recipient. It benefits from various rhetorical techniques, and undoubtedly, familiarizing oneself with these rhetorical techniques and their subtleties in the Quran greatly aids in understanding the profound meanings and the apparent and spiritual miracles within it. Among these rhetorical techniques used in the Noble Quran, we find "kinaya" (metaphor), which adds exceptional beauty and depth to the Quranic text. It is considered one of the most important linguistic and rhetorical tools employed by the Quran to express meanings and convey its message in a technical and beautiful manner. It distinguishes itself with its ability to transform deep meanings into exquisite and figurative images that differ from the literal meanings carried by words in the Arabic language. In this research, the researcher, based on the descriptive-analytical method, extracts Quranic metaphors and analyzes them from an interpretive and rhetorical perspective. It should be noted that metaphors are mentioned in the Quran in three types, as commonly accepted by scholars of rhetoric, namely: a) metaphor of quality, b) metaphor of the described, and c) metaphor of relationship. Metaphors of quality and the described are more prevalent, while metaphors of relationship are very rare.

Abstract:-
This research deals with the criticism of Imami interpreters of the doctrine of filiation among Jews and Christians, to extrapolate in the corners of their interpretations about any analysis that entails an evaluation and judgment of that belief to sort out and study. This study is to draw the features of relevance and interdependence between the science of interpretation and the Comparative science of religions. The research has shown that this term- Son of God- and others is not used without a clear statement from the Sharia, as there are many evils in its use. The research showed the necessity of alveolar existence between the son and the father in order to use this term. It has shown that it has been shown that it is not possible existed- alveolar- between the poor, the helpless, the needy, and the rich and absolute duty. The research discovered the disturbance of the meaning of filiation in the texts of the two testaments, once it means honor and consideration, and another, it means truth that doesn't accept interpretation and metaphor, which made this belief lose its firmness, which must be characterized by the belief of every multitude of people.

Abstract:-
The research dealt with one of the Alawties figures who disappeared in the city of Basra, namely Ahmed bin Issa, nicknamed (The Disappeared). The sources almost agree on his disappearance from the Abbasid authority, but they differed about the reason for his disappearance, and from here came the idea of the research, as it touched on his biography, the circumstances of his era, and his disappearance.

Abstract:-
It is very strange, in the twenty-first century AD, and after fourteen centuries have passed since the mission of the Prophet (PBUH), for us to affirm that the Islamic nation is one nation, or to call for this unity that the Lord Almighty has proven in His Noble Qur’an when He Almighty said: “Indeed, this nation of yours is one nation.” And I am your Lord, so worship Me” (Al-Anbiya’: 92), and by saying in another verse: “And this nation of yours is one nation, and I am your Lord, so fear Me” (Al-Mu’minun: 52). The legal or religious texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah all prove the unity of the Muslim nation, and that race, color, language, or regional affiliation are all elements that do not negatively affect the unity of the nation, and that the first and basic mosque of Muslims is the testimony that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God, from He believes in it, so he is a Muslim, and he has the same rights as the Muslims and he owes them what they owe, and no person is blamed for the disbelief he committed after he entered Islam, no matter what this disbelief was, be it polytheism, atheism, or denial of the existence of God Almighty, or the worship of an idol, idol, planet, fire, or calf. Or other things that people take as lords instead of God. If entry into Islam is completed by the testimony of monotheism, then the requirements for this testimony were specified by the Messenger of God (PBUH) in the well-known hadith of Gabriel, peace be upon him, narrated by Omar ibn al-Khattab, in which the most honorable Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) explains that the pillars of faith and the pillars of Islam are faith in God and His angels. And His books, and His messengers, and the Last Day, and that the pillars of Islam are five, which are: testifying that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God, establishing prayer, paying zakat, fasting during Ramadan, and performing Hajj to the House for those who are able to make a way to it, and that good deeds are to worship God as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then He sees you. ..etc. With this brief introduction, our research must address the elements that confirm the unity of Muslims.

Abstract:-
This research represents a milestone in the scientific arena, as it sheds light on an important topic, which is the statement of correct Islamic logic - the origins and rules of understanding the Noble Qur’an - away from the nonsense and contemporary intellectual fallacies that pervaded the Islamic intellectual arena, which was brought by the expatriates and those affected by them from the writers and interpreters And some academics.

Abstract:-
It is God Almighty who created this universe, and it is not possible to attribute this creation to others or have a partner in creation based on the monotheists of the people of heavenly laws. Evidence for the splendidness of his creation and his greatness, this universe, which proceeds according to a tight law and the utmost in accuracy, can only be from Him, and He, Glory be to Him, commanded us in His Mighty Book to contemplate and reflect on His creation and His blessings.
The heavens and the earth, our Lord, you did not create this in vain. Glory be to you, spare us the torment of the fire.” And the system that runs on me e, in order not to go too far in his thinking and put hypotheses and theories about the emergence, which deny the attribution of this universe to God Almighty and how he does not show such a matter when he did, all the evidence points to him and all the insights see his greatness and his action and his high status.
From the foregoing, this research was developed to study the emergence of the universe and to clarify the materialist theories that trace its origin to matter and to invalidate these theories, and then to clarify the Qur’anic theory on this subject.
The aim of this research: is to show that the Qur’anic theory is the first and most complete theory in revealing the beginning of the universe, and the invalidation of human theories against it.

Abstract: -
Hazardous materials are among the most dangerous material to living organisms and the environment. They have large effects and destroying harms that can affect everything. So, they are considered one of the dangerous criminal phenomena which needs to a real legislative treatment to prevent to deal with them. The danger of hazardous material is highlight through dealing with them through transportation, production, import and other ways. Therefore, the Iraqi legislator as well as comparative legislations sought to criminalize all forms of behavior that lead to crime.

Abstract:-
This research presents issues about indeclinable discussed by al-lam'a explanations according to the al-Akhfash's opinion on it. Commentators paid attention for his opinion about this issue that they discussed, either his unique opinion or argument that he used to prove his opinion. No doubt that the al-Akhfash had a good status among the former grammarians that made a large importance for his opinion among grammarians. These explanations have crowned with a number of opinions including his opinion about "rumman" in which he said that it was declinable contrary to the majority of grammarians, and he described "afaal" (افعل) whose feminine is "fa'ala"(فعلاء). He has different opinions on the matteer. For "plurals", his opinion was contrary to the opinion of "Sibawayh" on the matter. He agreed Sibawayh in the subject of "ashiaa" (things) as it is indeclinable, but he differed from him in the reason of indeclinable.

Abstract:-
The French proposals which presented on 5 February 1932, had represented the French viewpoint that was desiring to place civil and military aviation, in addition to heavy weapons, at the disposal of the League of Nations, as well as the creation of an international police force and placing it at the League's disposal, under the pretext of preventing war or providing immediate assistance for any country would be a victim of aggression, which was the French constantly obsession, and their urgent desire to achieve security first, then the disarmament, in the face of their permanent fears of Germans and their proposal presented by the head of the German delegation at the conference, Rudolf Nadolini on 18 February 1932, which called for achieving equality in the manner The promises of the great powers set out in the preamble of Part V of Versailles’ Treaty: "Germany’s disarmament is not intended to be unilaterally with respect to Germany alone, but rather to impose general restrictions on armaments for all countries". However, the member states considered The articles of that project expressing its rejection of military, naval and air provisions contained in the Versailles Treaty, and its desire to achieve armament; Either by reducing the armament of other countries to the level specified for them, or increasing their armament to the level of their weapons, which reflected the great differences in the strategic visions of the most prominent members in the conference, which was one of the factors of Disarmament Conference’s failure, and not to achieve the goal for which it met.

Abstract:-
The criminal protection of the wealth of the Iraqi people in light of the Iraqi-American security agreement after 2003 is through conducting an analytical comparison between Iraqi law and international laws and for reasons such as the extent of the thefts committed by the occupation and the attempt to control Iraqi oil fields, as Iraq has the largest oil reserve after Saudi Arabia and its oil reserves range Nearly 200 billion barrels, equivalent to 15% of all global reserves. The Iraq reconstruction file is considered one of the most corrupt in the world. Despite the billions of dollars spent on it since 2003, the country is still suffering from deterioration in infrastructure and all other areas. Such as health and education. The United States is currently trying to fill the void in the oil-for-food program, which relied on the Iraqi government to export oil according to the contracts it signed with the approval of the United Nations. The definition of crimes committed against the wealth of the Iraqi people and the jurisdiction of Iraqi and American law came in accordance with agreements.

Abstract:-
The research aims to know the negatives of random shooting phenomenon in the occasions of holidays, weddings and sorrows in the Iraqi society, and the treatments of this phenomenon which became a danger against security and safety of the citizens in Iraq, in general, and in the Governorate of Diwaniya and Nafar District, in particular, from a social point of view. To achieve this purpose, a random sample of 292 men and women was selected from the total population of Nafar District which numbered (5030) people, relying on the descriptive approach and its technical means, a method followed in writing and preparation, the field aspect of which was subjected to statistical analysis in finding the value of arithmetic averages and standard deviation to describe sample's opinions about the studied phenomenon. The results showed that the phenomenon of shooting during social occasions has a negative role that affects the social structure and its, its stability and balance in various Iraqi regions, regardless of educational level or place of residence, and light weapons are the most common and used among individuals in various social occasions. The results led to recommending the establishment of deterrent penalties for those who commit indiscriminate shooting at social occasions by tightening the penalties in accordance with the legal texts in force and applying them in practice.

Abstract:-
The purpose of the study is to diagnose how to increase digital purchasing conduct and what increases consumer purchase, or repeat purchase by customers. The problem of the study is in the decline of digital purchases and despite the exposure of the business and general environment to the emergence of the Corona virus (Covid 19), and the development of the adoption of technologies in the purchase of products in general in the business environment, and the importance of the cognitive study highlight , which is an addition through its variables that are characterized by modernity and application through communication to results that benefit the application sample. One of the objectives of the study is to test and measure the effect between the variables, i.e. test the study model, and how to enhance the digital purchasing process. The researcher relied on the questionnaire as a main tool for the study, which included personal information and global standards that were adapted to each of the digital platforms variable in its dimensions (after the experience of the platform customers’ pleasure, after the cognitive experience of the platform customers), and the scale of the innovative work conduct variable in its dimensions (after the supervisor’s evaluation, after participatory leadership, factor evaluation, after external business contacts, rated factor, after innovative outputs, factor evaluation), and a measure of the digital purchasing conduct variable by its exclusions, (after the problem of digitally perceiving the need, after searching for information digitally, after evaluating and selecting alternatives digitally, after the digital purchase decision, after a digital post-purchase evaluation).

Abstract:-
Islam is the seal of religions, complete in structure, brought by its gracious law to build the edifice of the Islamic nation, correcting its way of thinking, belief, and behavior. These are the foundations emphasized by the true faith to elevate humanity from ignorance to the innate nature upon which God has created people.
It Is a religion whose source is the Creator, exalted and transcendent above imperfections and elevated beyond error. Therefore, what emanates from Him is a coherent discourse with no conflict or contradiction. As it is said, "Had it been from other than Allah, they would have found within it much discrepancy." The prophetic tradition is an inseparable part of this religion, interpreting what is mentioned in the book, detailing its generalities, specifying its universals, and restricting its absolutes. Hence, Allah, exalted be He, commanded His servants to follow the orders of His noble messenger and to avoid his.
Due to the Importance of this subject and the pitfalls that surround it, and to counter the attacks carried out by those with diseased souls against our doctrine, we deemed it necessary to contribute In this field in defense of the religion, the doctrine, and the rulings it contains.

Abstract:-
The research aims to know the balance between the number of the population in the secondary educational stage and the efficiency of the distribution of educational services for this stage of education within the education ladder in the province of Najaf. Urban and rural, as the urban population outnumbered and reached (246916) people at a rate of (69.4%), while the number of rural residents decreased and reached (108767) people at a rate of (30.5%) of the total population of the governorate.
Secondary schools in the governorate were divided into three types. Boys’ schools ranked first with (152) schools (47%), girls’ schools (137) schools,(42.4%), while the number of mixed schools decreased to (34) schools. and at a rate of (10.5%). The distribution of secondary schools in Najaf governorate varied between the urban and rural environments and the inefficiency of the distribution, as urban schools occupied the largest number of (250) schools at a rate of (77.3%), while the number decreased to (73) schools in the rural environment at a rate of (22 ,6%).

Abstract:-
According to the definition of the Sharia ruling, it is: “a ruling derived from the Sharia and includes Qur’anic discourses and the Sunnah.” It is self-evident that all rulings issued by the Sharia are Sharia rulings, and when the legitimacy of the ruling is proven then the ruling is safe and in a preserved tablet. A group of jurists such as Sheikh Al-Ansari and the investigator Al-Naini say in the behavioral interest. If the emirate is not compatible with reality, then the very act of following and working with the emirate will serve an interest and suffice for anything else. The leading Shiite jurists said: “The emirate is only a means to reach God’s true rule, and if it is not consistent with reality, then there is no benefit in it and working with it in this case will not “It only leads to excuse.” The Ash'aris also believe: "They believe in the interest of causality and consider the ruling of the Preserved Tablet to be the same ruling that the mujtahid arrives at. Unlike them, there are other groups, such as the Mu'tazilites, who believe that God has rulings in the Preserved Tablet, but if they do not agree and the Emirates do not inform us of them, then in this case the rulers of the Emirates will be compensated." What was lost in the interests of the true rulings? The results obtained indicate that the existence of this difference of opinion in the interest of the Emirates indicates that, in the eyes of the jurists, the rulers of the Emirates are not an alternative to the preserved tablet. Otherwise, that is, if the jurists had agreed on the true rulings in the preserved tablet, there would not have been a difference in the interests of the Emirates. This research was written using the descriptive analytical method and in an office style.

Abstract:-
This research aims to reveal the relationship between hospital governance with its dimensions of transparency, control and balance on the one hand, and the level of institutional performance of Al-Hussein Military Hospital with its tangible material and intangible moral components, which are represented by the performance of individuals within each management and department and the performance of departments within the framework of the organization's general policies, and the performance of the institution within the framework of economic, social and cultural environment. Therefore, it is possible to know whether there is a mutual influence between the hospital governance and the level of performance in providing correct services, the level of this influence and how it can be strengthened if it is positive or improved if it is weak. The study reached the conclusion that this relationship is statistically significant, and recommended more in-depth studies in this field.

Abstract:-
The study examines the essential fundamentals and pillars of social justice that Imam Ali, (PBUH) identifies through his intellectual and educational approach. It looks into the features of his justice in ruling, his role in addressing social disparities, caring for human dignity and rights, his view of property and work, his justice in the judiciary, and his interest in following up with governors, which includes the theoretical concepts of intellectual and educational social justice..
Researchers and historians of different schools of thought and dogmas have studied and analyzed the attributes of Imam Ali, and his ideological and human role, inspired by his intellectual and theoretical schemes and guided by his applied jihadist influences as an authentic source of jurisprudence and other aspects of knowledge. It is well-judged criterion for awareness and perception. Thus, despite the vast literature on Imam Ali (PBUH), the attempt to comprehend all his intellectual, educational and applied heritage remains unattainable. His personality has mounted such a affluence that it may put the researcher in a difficult position for him to master all research angles.

Abstract:-
Mohmmad Reza Shafiey Kadkani is one of the typical authors and clear sighted contemporary in the extent of persian language and literature that his valuable researches in the scientific circles and academic have revealed his shine and special attractiveness. One of his researchs is the “Language of poem in the suffice prose-An antecedent on stylistics theosophical prose” that has concentrated on stylistics theosophical prose. He has proceeded with critic attitude to recording this book. This research has done with presentation an abbreviation and analysis on view of Shafiey Kadkani, with style of create qualitative content. The most important question in this research is; Shafiey Kadkani for what reasons has approached prose of theosophical contexts to poem? In his view the most different between theosophical prose contexts and other proses, related to language. Because of theosophical prose contexts with an aesthetic view and artistic to theology have benefited of emotional language that unlike other contexts, have conveyance very high. Also, he theosophical currents to phase of historical dichotomy: Islamic theosophy until date of Rumi and theosophy after Ibn Arabi until 13th century that unlike prosperity stream of first period, can be seen a kind of degeneration and decline in this lately period namely theosophy after Ibn Arabi. Whilst different central or conceptual metaphors beyond concept rhetorical of metaphor is base distinction of typical and mainstream pundits in Islamic theosophical like Rumi and Ibn Arabi.

Abstract:-
It is necessary to address the topic of finance in Islamic jurisprudence, because the search for digital currency jurisprudentially depends on the financial stability of it, and as for ownership, it is subsidiary to that and is included in the conditions of compensation, as will follow.
Finance in Islamic jurisprudence does not differ from its meaning according to custom, except with some actions in its effects, such as taking away the finances of wine. According to the definition that we will choose, the basis for establishing finance for anything is that reasonable people consider that thing an exchangeable economic value, and a sign of this is that reasonable people demand it, compete for it, and spend in exchange for it. From their other money.
In this regard, Al-Sarakhsi says regarding the purpose of dirhams and dinars: What is meant is finance, beyond that, it and stones are the same, and finance in this sentence is the verbal synonym for purchasing power, and Al-Kasani says: Because dirhams and dinars are valued money, meaning: they have value.

Abstract:-
The purpose of determining the legal basis for any legal center is to determine the true description by which it falls under a specific legal system, so that this legal center is subject to the rules that govern this system.
What is stated in Iranian law about the debtor and the effects of imprisonment or anything related to it is the motivation that prompted the researcher to take such a title for him, that specific implementation be possible. If this implementation becomes impossible, whether the impossibility is due to a foreign cause or it is due to the debtor’s fault, it no longer exists. There is no point in demanding implementation in kind, and the creditor will recover compensation if the impossibility was due to the debtor’s fault or due to a lack of obligation without compensation if the impossibility is due to a foreign cause.
The possibility of implementation in kind is due to the nature of the obligation, its extent, and the material means necessary for this implementation. It is possible if it can be achieved by rule of law, as in the obligation to transfer a real right, or if it can be achieved by the judge’s ruling, as in the obligation to do an act whose nature allows the judge’s ruling to take the place of implementation. The debtor, after being notified in accordance with Articles 219 and 220, is forced to implement the obligation in kind, whenever possible. However, if the implementation in kind would be burdensome for the debtor, he may limit himself to paying cash compensation in accordance with what is stated in Iranian law.

Abstract:-
There is no doubt that our literary history enjoys a feast of literary schools that have a great role in adopting many ideas and identifying them with a set of literary purposes and texts. We see that each school has characteristics that oppose the school that preceded it. Romanticism came as a reaction to the classical school, and its emergence was in the nineteenth century AD, to distinguish in its characteristics from other schools as it was characterized by the strength of feelings, emotions and imagination by shifting from objectivity to subjectivity in building a group of ideas from Through literary writing, ideas are presented easily and easily, and freed from mental constraints. From here appeared many critics who joined this school and expressed their opposition to the classical school, and the most important of these critics who belong to the Al-Diwan School are Al-Mazani, Mahmoud Abbas Al-Akkad, Abdel-Rahman Shukri and others. Therefore, romance created a new life based on the individual genius of emotions and feelings. It establishes a new world that seeks romance and defends it, by adopting characteristics that differ from those of other doctrines.

Abstract:-
Poetry themes and questions of poetry have always been a focus of interest for philosophers, critics, rhetoric, and performers. This step underscores the large number of works we have received, the variety of directions taken by translators, and the continuation of discussions on poetry and poetry. For this reason, in this day and age, it is necessary to launch a wide critical movement aimed at reading the literary and poetic heritage, a conscious critical reading that reveals its secrets and artistic and stylistic characteristics. No one disputes that the artistic value of any literary work does not lie in the ideas presented, but in the aesthetic techniques employed, which raise the language above its usual level to impart new value to it. If the poet is able to technically and aesthetically use objective ideas and meanings in his texts in a unique artistic and poetic way, whether he believes in them or not, the texts distinguish and influence the ideas of the recipient - or not, because the search for the technical characteristics of the text will be his interest in the reference significance of the text. But if ideas dominate the aesthetic expression, then the poetic text becomes a purely intellectual discourse, devoid of poetry that transcends its external manifestations (weight and rhythm), and the research justifies its selection. The poems praise them and explain their rights and grievances. Our critical efforts focus on analyzing poetic texts and deconstructing their effective systems to discover their poetic and stylistic forms. The poet talks about most parts of the poem praising Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and Bani Hashem, and embodies his verses about Imam Hussein (peace be upon him). The poet draws lessons from life experience and presents some educational and wise meaning in his poetry, his poetic image is a mirror that reflects the essence of his experiences, depicts the embodiment in figurative and allegorical art the figurative paintings of those scenes. Expressive, poignant, and aesthetic, combining multiple techniques into one essay, the poet tends to express and express strength, hesitating between phrases, allusions, and notation. This is due to the diversity of his spiritual conditions and tastes, according to the diversity of poetic purposes. Hals uses more innovative revisions, which he intends with particular care, and in a way that stands out as a stylistic characteristic. On the other hand, in the refinement of the Badia there is a consistency between the representations of the language represented.

Abstract:-
One of the most important methods of translation is the use of clarification strategy in different ways by Quranic translators, whose strategy is to provide a more accurate and understandable translation for their audience.
This research tries to investigate faithful translations (Ansarian, Khorramshahi, Foladvand) of subject nouns and exaggeration verbs using a descriptive-analytical method based on the theory of Wini and Darbelneh. that these two types of derivatives in the verses of Surah Qalam are both in the meaning of occurrence and in the meaning of proof. In the study, it was found that the subject noun has the most frequency compared to other derivatives in Surah Qalam; There are 22 active nouns in this surah, some of which are translated as active nouns (which indicate an event).
The results show that among the direct translations, the literature translation has the highest frequency compared to other direct strategies, and this issue has received more attention from Khorramshahi, and from the indirect translations, displacement is the most used by Foludvand. This is to bring the meaning of the verses of Surah Qalam closer to the mind of the audience. Borrowing (due to the main meaning of the verse not coming to the mind of the audience) and expansion (due to the use of synonyms) are among the things that can be considered as part of the challenges of these translators in translation.

Abstract:-
Non-Muslims in Islamic criminal jurisprudence, who are called people of the book or Dhimma or religious minority, have the rights of Dhimma, provided that they observe the rules and regulations of Islam and adhere to them. If a Dhimmi person commits adultery with a Muslim woman, according to Imamiyyah jurisprudence and the Islamic Penal Code of Iran approved in 2012, he will be punished by death. There is a difference of opinion among jurists regarding the extension of this ruling to non-Dhimmi infidels and also adding flogging to killing. This essay proves in a descriptive and analytical way and in a library research method and by examining the foundations of jurisprudence that the punishment for Dhimmi women is to kill, this ruling is according to the correct narration of Hanan Ebn Sadir and the consensus of the Imamiyyah jurists and considering the violation of Dhimma and the desecration of Islam by the infidel has been issued. Hanan's narration according to authentic document and in terms of implication, famous jurists believe that the ruling of this narration is extended to Dhimmi and non-Dhimmi infidels and their reason is its extension, consensus, the unity of the infidel nation, the priority and emergence of custom. In addition, the death sentence for a Dhimmi is absolute (protected and not protected), issued by the Shariah, and contrary to the opinion of some jurists, whipping is not attached to it.

Abstract:-
This research sheds light on the importance of the West Asia region as it is rich in natural resources, such as oil and gas, and its strategic location, as it is located on nearly seven seas, and is considered one of the most important commercial and economic outlets, as this distinction made it the focus of attention of the major powers, especially the United States of America, where The US governments, in their various departments, have sought to spread chaos within this region, using various and varied means and pretexts, to perpetuate turmoil and instability in this region, such as the formation of extremist terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda, ISIS, and others, to create sectarian and ethnic conflicts and tear up societies in them, trying to divide them into states to make it easier to control them. One of the most important goals of the US strategy in this region is to control the oil and gas resources and to strengthen the Zionist entity in exchange for the weakness of the region.

Abstract:-
The contemporary interpretation of the Quran is one of the evolutions of interpretation writing in the present era. The method of contemporary interpretation is one of the topics that has created a difference between scholars. But the problem we are facing is the confusions and not having the right method in writing contemporary commentary (not being methodical in some cases) and in some cases the confusion of different methods and not having the right style in this field. The criterion for measuring the correctness of the Asari interpretation method is to observe certain rules that every Asari commentator must apply in order not to be drawn into the deviation method. This article tries to introduce the correct method of contemporary interpretation with specific reasons through descriptive-analytical method. The scientific method in contemporary interpretation cannot be correct due to the distance from the Quranic goal (in some extreme cases). In the rational method, it cannot be the right method in contemporary interpretation due to the distance and sequence and the fact that reason alone sometimes goes to extremes. Finally, we come to the conclusion that the ijtihad-rational method is the best method in contemporary interpretation. Because it is the most comprehensive and while paying attention to the needs of the present age, it is emphasized by contemporary commentators and verses of the Qur'an (verses in which the words Yatfikrun and Yaqloon etc. are used) as well as the method of Ahl al-Bayt and the Prophet. The correct method in contemporary interpretation is acceptable when a "monotheistic spirit" permeates throughout the interpretation to bring it closer to the Qur'anic goals. And this means not contradicting the explicit and implicit statements of the Qur'an.

Abstract:-
Mystical interpretation is a method of interpretation and it is based on the premise that the Holy Qur'an, in addition to appearances, has an inner meaning that can be reached through imagination or through mystical discovery and intuition. Since mysticism and mystics have had many supporters and opponents among all sections of Muslims, mystical interpretation has also had opponents and supporters in every period, and each group has its own reasons, which are used in this article. From the descriptive and analytical method, some of the reasons for the supporters of the mystical interpretation have been discussed in the criticism of the opponents' view. By examining the books, interpretations, articles and related sources, it was concluded that the proponents accepted this type of interpretation and criticism of the opponents' view with rational and narrative reasons, which were found to be valuable in addition to the Quranic and narrational reasons. In mystical interpretation, it is the expression of mystical miracles with mystical interpretation, the originality of mystical interpretation, etc. Therefore, it is approved that the mystical interpretation originates from the Qur'an and the hadiths of the infallible (pbuh) and the mystic interprets the Qur'an by performing the duties and mustahabbs and avoiding all forbidden and abominable things. On the other hand, mystical interpretation based on mere taste and Sufi view is not approved.

Abstract:-
Knowledge of God is the knowledge and ability for a person to reach the truth to understand that God is his cause and creator and that he needs and belongs to God, as it says in the Qur'an: (يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنتُمُ الْفُقَرَاء إلى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ)
O people, you (all) are in need of God, only God is without need and worthy of all praise. (Fatir 15)
And this issue is the division and criterion for distinguishing monotheistic from non-monotheistic religions. Because monotheists have explained the basics of knowing the Creator and identified the ways of knowing God and have discussed a lot about this issue. The deeper the foundations and surrounding discussions of theology, the stronger the degree of monotheism in that religion. This article also makes a short reference to the subject of theology in Islam, which considers the knowledge of a being according to that object to be realized in two ways ;
1. In-person recognition.
2. Acquired recognition.
And in the case of God Almighty, he imagines the same two types of knowledge. One is the presence knowledge that is realized without the mediation of mental concepts, and the other is the general knowledge and achievement that is achieved through intellectual concepts and is not directly attributed to the divine essence. We have discussed the corresponding issues in the Mandaean religion and have extracted and analyzed the subtle view of the Mandaeans and Mandaites on the important subject of theology from the holy book of Genza Raba.

Abstract:-
This research deals with the method used by Al- Shatby in the principles of jurisprudence with its mechanism of action and its wondrous singularities, which enabled him to renew and purify this science from what has nothing to do with the principles of jurisprudence, and that the investigations of theology, Hadith science, and others should be searched in the books concerned and mention issues of great interest and important through his two books “Al-Muwafaqat” and “Al-ietisam”. It also highlights the spirit of the Sharia texts by linking the parts to the whole and the fundamentals to the branches. The glorious Sharia is not just separate provisions that have nothing to do with each other, and it is not just commands and intentions that are not appropriate for every era. But there is a solid link between them, which is full of purposes and logic and remove evils while bringing benefits. This approach shows that Sharia has the power to keep pace with every era through the purposes. The importance of this approach lies in the fact that it confronts both intellectual and jurisprudence stagnation and moves us from a superficial view to an intentional view of the spirit of Sharia and its texts.

Abstract:-
Adeeb Kamal al-Dean is an Iraqi updated poet, he considered as an important contemporary Iraqi poetry station, he loves the language of poetry and. This had a big impact on his poetry. He wrote many poetry of all purposes and work hard of its writing. Women occupies and thematically a good space of his world of poetry, and he deliberately pays attention to this approach, because of his decision that women are represented the country and Mraba his imagination and the focus of his hopes and his inspiration.
I suggested in this research to pick up the manifestations of images of women in the poetry of Adeeb Kamal al-Dean, and also the role of women in Pre-Islamic poetry and in the modern era. Then I pick up the poet's life and the most prominent of his works and the most prominent of his life terms. Then taking pictures of women and their manifestations in his poetry as a picture (the mother, and beloved, the woman symbol). Then the research list of sources and references, the results, God bless us.

Abstract:-
Literature is an eloquent, imaginative expression that makes the student feel enjoyment and happiness due to the literary texts it contains that are characterized by the beauty of imagery, the splendor of imagination, and the precision of meaning. It is a means to help the student understand himself, build his personality, and develop his abilities to appreciate the aspects of beauty in life. One of the most important skills that a student acquires is through reading and understanding literary texts, understanding their mental meanings, recognizing aesthetic images, appreciating them, and determining their meanings From here, the idea of research arose, represented by a program in the literary text that derives its capabilities from structural theory, in order to achieve a literary appreciation for it.