Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

Construction of pavements layers on subgrade with good to excellent properties is an essential
objective as it reduces the thickness of these layers and lead to great reduction in construction cost.
However, construction of highways on a poor subgrade soils is unavoidable in several cases due to
limitations of highway route. Therefore, improvement of poor subgrade soils facilitates construction
of economic and tight pavements. Several additives are available for this purpose. However, they
are, mostly, costly and require huge production energy which increases environmental pollution.
Therefore, this study proposes Nano magnesium oxide as a modern alternative. In this study, a soil
from Baghdad city was selected and treated with different doses of the proposed additive to investigate
their effects on the engineering properties of the selected soil. The study involved laboratory
tests to compare between the properties of soil before and after treatment. California Bearing Ratio
)CBR( test was adopted to determine CBR values and swelling ratios in untreated and treated soils to
investigate the changes in soils’ properties and to determine the optimum dose. Afterward, potential
of hydrogen and x-ray tests were performed to investigate the chemical reactions which contribute
in improvement of subgrade soil properties. The results exhibited a significant improvement in soil
properties. CBR value of soil treated with (0.75) % of the proposed additive was more than fifteen
times of that for untreated soil. In addition, swelling ratio of soil treated with )0.75( % of the proposed
additive reduced to about )9( % of that determined for untreated soil; )0.75( % was considered
to be the optimum dose. The chemical tests exhibited high increase in alkalinity of the treated soil.
In addition, chemical tests revealed effective reactions produced magnesium silicate hydrate which
formed strong bonds among the soil particles increases its toughness

The assessment of irrigation water quality is a standout amongst the most critical
variables that ought to be considered in irrigation projects management, because it
has a huge impact on agriculture growth and production. This study has assessed
the irrigation water quality status of new Hussainiyah canal in Karbala city, Iraq.
Twelve water quality parameters with regard to four observing stations during the
year 2015 were surveyed. The 48 samples were tested for, Electric Conductivity,
pH value, Total Dissolved Solids, Sodium, Sodium Absorption Ratio, Soluble
Sodium Percentage, Sulphate,Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Chloride and
Alkalinity(EC, PH, TDS, Na, SAR, SSP, SO4, Ca, Mg, K, Cl and Alk). These stations
were scattered along the new Hussainiyah canal from upstream to downstream and
named as ( Salamiyah, Abrahimiyah, QuntaraBedah and Safie). Canadian Water
Quality Index (CWQI) technique was applied to make the assessment according to
regular time variations(every four months for each station). The results indicated
that the irrigation water quality of new hussainiyah canal was in fair conditions
for stations, Salamiyah, Abrahimiyah and Quntara Bedah, while it was marginal
to fair conditions for Safie station. Also, the conditions of the quality for irrigation
water in the canal were not match the eligible levels for some times at the period
of study. Regular monitoring for irrigation water quality status and reducing the
pollution roots should be adopted from water resources authorities in province of
Karbala to pre save that valuable artery source of water

This theoretical study focuses on the enhancement of efficiency for radiotherapy
according to increase sensitivity enhancement ratio (SER). The improvement of
SER was done by increasing the amount of absorbed dose in lung cancer without the
surrounding health tissue due to presence (Gold, Gadolinium, silver and titanium)
nanoparticles (NPs) using x-ray with energy rangefrom (2) to (20)MeV. This
causes increasing in SER percentages as follows (10.86%),(12.51%), (13.03%)
and (13.59%) when using titanium, silver, gadolinium and gold as nanoparticles
respectively depending on the type of nanoparticles

This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of inhibition by
aqueous and alcoholic extracts of watercress seeds Nasturtium officinale and thin
peels of pomegranate Punicagranatum against two of human pathogens Escherichia
coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The diffusion method was used for investigating
the effect of different concentrations of aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the
growth of bacteria, and the results showed that the alcoholic extract of the seeds
of watercress did not affect the growth of bacteria under the study. The rest of
the extracts have given mixed results; statistical analysis showed that the aqueous
extract of the peel pomegranateconcentrations of 10% and 25%, prepared from
the stock solution (100 mg. ml-1), were more significantly affected the growth of
St. aureus (P = 0.027 and P = 0.036), respectively. On the other hand, 75% of the
aqueous extract of pomegranate peel was more significantly affected the growth
of E. coli

The goal of this paper, we expand the notion of co compressible modules,
critically co compressible modules, to co compressible acts, critically co
compressible acts, respectively, likewise we giveseveral of their basic properties,
theorems and examples.Lastly, we studied the coretractable acts as a generalization
of the concept of coretractable modules. Overtime, we introduce relation between
it and co compressible acts

Many radionuclides in sediments transference are contributing to global
collective doses. Therefore, monitor of the pollution in sediments was used
widespread and trace pollution sources. In this study, SSNTDs LR-115 type II are
used to provide database about 226Ra concentration and 222Rn exhalation rate in
terms of area and mass in sediments of Euphrates river and Its some branches in
Thi-Qar governorate. This data can be used as a reference data for future studies
and it may be useful for complete radioactivity mapping for Iraq republic.
226Ra concentration in sediments of Euphrates river and its some branches in
Thi-Qar governorate varied between (0.742-2.379) Bq/kg with the average value
is (1.498) Bq/kg, while the area exhalation rate of 222Rn varied between (62.52-
200.34)mBq.m-2.h-1 with the average value is (126.17) mBq.m-2.h-1, also the mass
exhalation rate of 222Rn varied between (5.61-17.97) mBq.kg-1.h-1 with the average
value is (11.32) mBq.kg-1.h-1. 226Ra concentration in this study was included the
limit recommended by OECD. Also, The results compared with the average of the
world and some other studies

Vitamin D receptor (encoded by the VDR gene) is a transcription factor from the
nuclear receptor subfamily. It has been reported that this gene has been participated
in the regulation of susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory conditions,
and could play a role in the pathogenesis of blood pressure and type (2) diabetes
mellitus, so this study was conducted toevaluate the effect of some demographical
parametersand to assess the gene expression levels of VDR gene in both type (2)
diabetic and hypertensive patient groups in comparison with apparently healthy
controls.A total of (104) individuals were enrolled in this study ,forty of diabetes
mellitus type 2 patients, forty of blood hypertension patients and twenty four of
apparently healthy individuals as a control group. The age, gender, living region
and family historywere studied.Real time – quantitative polymerase chain reaction
(RT-qPCR) technique was adopted to assess the amplification levels of VDR gene.
The results showed thatthere were significant associations between patients
groups and gender and family history, respectively, and there was no significant
association (p ≥ 0.05) for the living region in diabetic patients.However, a significant
positive association (p ≤ 0.05) exists between living region and Diabetic condition.
RT-qPCR amplification results showed that the mean ± SD of threshold cycle
(Ct) values of amplification cycles of diabetic, hypertension, and control groups
were 23.5±1.22, 24.67±1.30 and27.41±1.94 respectively. The statistical analyses
of quantitative amplifications revealed that there was highly significant difference
(p ≤ 0.01) between diabetic and control groups, and there were no statistically
differences (p ≥ 0.05) of hypertension patients in comparison with control group.
The results also revealed significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between diabetic and
hypertensive groups

In this paper, we introduce results for a kind of labelings of graphs, which we
named it the δ-divisor graph which is a modified divisor graph

A theoretical study of antenna design and calculation of voltage and current matrices using
Electric Fields Integral Equation )EFIE( and Magnetic Field Integral Equation )MFIE( were
presented. These equations have been solved, using the method of moments MoM. It is a numerical
method with high calculation capacity also can use Galerkin's approach, which considered weighting
functions to convert the integral equations to the linear matrices according to the antenna symmetry
about z-axis.
The unknown electric current density on the surface of the conductor ,and both unknowns electric
and magnetic density current on the surface of the dielectric were calculated .The number of basis
functions on different surfaces that provide a saturation case for currents and voltages value were
determined on deferent surfaces and calculated the propose antenna parameters

The study was carried out at canopy house of Botanical departmentproduction, Col-lege of ALMussiab
Tecnical during the period (10th) February to (1th) of September to find out the effect ofstem
cuttings kind )woody and terminal(, different concentration of Indole Butyric Acid )IBA( )0, 500,
1000, 1500( mg.L-1, wounding, and their inter-action on rooting response of Acacia cyanophylla
stemcuttings (difficult-to-root cut-tings). In wounding treatment cuttings, four longitudinal slits was
made at the base of it about )3( cm length. All cuttings was treated with quick-dipping method
for 10 sec-onds. Complete Randomized Design )C.R.D( with three replicates )15 cuttings for each
treatment( was adopted. Means were compared by L.S.D. at O.O5.Results showed that woody
cuttings treatedwith IBA )1000,1500( mg.L-1and terminal cuttings treated with IBA )500, 1000,
1500) mg.L-1 showed a significant increase in rooting percent-age, roots no., root length, branched
no., leaves no., wet and dry weight of roots compared with the control treatment which was )zero(.
As well as, terminal cuttings treated with IBA )500, 1000, 1500( combined withwounding give the
highest signifi-cance for all parameters mentioned above compared with the control treatment which
was )zero(

In the present work, natural radionuclides )238U, 232Th and 40K( in soil samples at Babylon textile
factory and general automotive company were measured using gamma- ray spectroscopy rays
Technology )NaI)Tl((. Also, the radiological parameters were calculated due to natural radioactivity
for all samples under study. The results show that specific activity for textile factory in 238Uhave
ranged )12.9-15.25( Bq/Kg with an average )13.72 ± 0.343( Bq/Kg, 232Th have ranged )2.88-7.17(
Bq/Kg with an average )5.83 ±0.435(Bq/Kg and 40K have )226.63 - 239.96( Bq/Kg with an average
)271.42 ± 11.60( Bq/Kg.For generalautomotive company, the results for 238U, 232Th and 40K have
ranged )12.96 - 17.74( Bq/Kg with an average )15.265± 0.533( Bq/Kg, )5.2 - 8.88( Bq/Kg with an
average )6.797- 0.443( Bq/Kg and )232.1-313.26( Bq/Kg with an average )265.955 ± 7.077( Bq/
Kg respectively. Furthermore, it is found the average value of the radiological parameters such as
radium equivalent )Raeq(, absorption rate dose )Dr(, external hazard )Hex(, internal hazard factor
(Hin), index of gamma (Iγ), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE ) and the excess life cancer
risk )ELCR( are )42.96±2.4( Bq/Kg, )21.39 ± 0.781( nGy/h, )0.116 ± 0.004(, )0.153 ± 0.004(, )0.330
± 0.012(, )0.131 ± 0.004( mSv/y and )0.459 ± 0.16(×10-3, respectively for the textile factory and it
is )45.46±2.12( Bq/Kg, )22.45 ± 0.695( nGy/h, )0.122 ± 0.003(, )0.164 ± 0.005(, )0.347 ± 0.010(,
)0.137±0.004( mSv/y and )0.482 ± 0.014( × 10-3, respectively for General Automotive Company.
The average value of the specific activity and the radiological parameter in area of study are lower
than the average values of the specified world by UNSCER, ICRP and OECD, Therefore, it can
be concluded that no health risks to workers at the center of these sites because of these nuclides
radioactive soil in the study area

Unsaturated polyester )UP( composites reinforced with different percent of some industrial
wastes like glass particles and sawdust were prepared to study their thermal properties. Thermal
gravimetric analysis )TGA( results indicated an increase composites thermal stability with an
increase in the percentage of fillers and are greatest when the proportion (20%) glass particles
compared with sawdust, accompanied with an increase in the decomposition temperature and the
temperature of 50% weight loss )T50%( of composites reinforced with sawdust is higher than that
reinforced with glass particals.
Differential scanning calorimetry) DSC( referred to higher value of glass transition temperature
)Tg( of these composites compared with )UP( alone. Also the Tg of UP reinforced with glass particles
is higher than UP reinforced with sawdust.

This research used polyethylene with low density )low Density Polyethylene( as the basis of
material and product by the General Company for Petrochemical Industries )Basra-Iraq( in the form
of powder. This polymer produced in )2012(, as function of the percentages of rice husk powder at
the particular size (≤ 250 μm) were investigated through several variables, such as Young's modules,
strength, and elongation. The obtained results appeared that the added husk rice powder to reduce
the spaces between the polymer chains, which reflects the high ability of the polymer against the
applied stress, and a high degree of homogeneity between the host polymer and the added fillers, and
this increase will give further property that increases the hardness of the prepared specimens which
)12.6( MPa at the percentage is )5%(, and the result also indicate a lowered in young's modules at
the percentage (10%), which reflects the increase in the ductile of the polymer grafted with and the
wide range of the application for this polymer. The results also appear that the highest point of the
proportional limits is )155 N( at the percentage )25%(.

The aim of this research is to implement a simulation of PC Bluetooth by
designing two circuits (master and slave) which will perform a task in similar
way as the PC Bluetooth. The project describes how to control the wireless plant
(by using Bluetooth devices).This project is consist of two Bluetooth devices: the
first device (transmitter circuit) sends the character "A" for example in hex from
microcontrollerand the second Bluetooth device (receiver circuit) will receive the
character "A" also in hex. The microcontroller in the slave circuit will understand
this character and it will perform a particular task (how to control to the plant
wireless). Buffer no. (CD4050B) which used to transfer data from Bluetooth
devices to Microcontroller with voltage that Microcontroller can be operated to
it , (Regulators) that have two no. the first no. is (L7805) this type of regulator
used to regulate voltage that received from power supply (7)V to (5)V so that
Microcontrollers can be operated to it. The second regulator is (LD330V) which
used to reduced voltage to (3.3)V in order to operate the Bluetooth devices, and
many led to compensate the plant.

CdS alloy used to prepareCdS and CdS doped Sb (3%) (CdS:Sb) filmsby
flash evaporation technique with thickness (150) nm on glass substrate at room
temperature. The effect ofdoping and the annealing temperature at (373 and 473)
K for (60) min on the structural and electrical propertieshas been described. The
XRD studies show that theannealed film at (373) K has amorphous structure and
alters to the polycrystalline at )473(K where the CdS film growth to hexagonal
structure with perfect orientation (002) and CdS:Sb growth to cubic structure
with perfect orientation (111). From D.C conductivity the variation of activation
energies (Ea1,Ea2) and D.C conductivity at room temperature were measured.It
is found that Ea2 values decreasing for doped films and increase with increasing
annealing temperature (Ta ) for all film. Hall Effectshows that all films are n-type,
carrier's concentration decrease with increasing of annealing temperature while
Hall mobility increases. Carrier’sconcentration and Hall mobility increases after
adding the doped material (Sb) to the CdS films

In this paper we estimate the degree of 3-monotone shape preserving
approximationon L_P-spaces for <1.