The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
Analyzing how visual symbols and metaphors are employed to transmit political messages is the focus of the fascinating field of study known as cognitive semiotics of political cartoons. This paper explores the importance of examining political cartoons from a cognitive semiotic viewpoint, emphasizing the various ways they may be used to criticize political ideology and societal conventions. The study wants to show how critical political cartoons expose significant social concerns. Analyze a few political cartoons by Iraqis and other cartoonists to show how political cartoons can be used to visualize political issues or the corruption of some politicians. Then, explain how political cartoons can alter people's ideologies.
In terms of data collection and analysis, the study is qualitative political cartoons that support the study and offer unbiased results and are used as the data to help solve the research study's problem and provide an answer to the research questions. Therefore, the researcher uses four models: Barthe's Semiotic Theory (ST) (1968), Sonesons' Pictorial Semiotics Theory(PST) (1989), Lackoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) (1999), and Van Dijk Ideological Theory (IT) (2006). As a result, the researcher finds that the significance of political cartoons lies in their capacity to shed light on the corruption exhibited by certain politicians and visualize critical political issues. The study additionally demonstrates the collaboration between cognitive processes and semiotics in the comprehension, perception, and interpretation of novel information that was previously unavailable.

Abstract:-
Al Sayyab, an avant-garde figure in contemporary Arabic literature, was influenced by a number of English poets. Some scholars believe that most of his poems took inspiration from T.S. Eliot noting particularly his use of myths. In this article we argue that Al Sayyab was also influenced by Percy Bysshe Shelley’s poetry, most notably by Hellas. Figuration of some of the themes, names, images and myths in Al Sayyab’s poems seems to be attributable to Shelley’s influence. Drawing on the French school of comparative literary studies, we aim to reappraise Al Sayyab’s poetry in terms of its inspirational sources and influences.

Abstract:-
Judging the authenticity of holy books is a difficult matter because the beliefs of many people depend on it. Believers do not accept any criticism about the holy texts because they consider them correct and of divine origin. It seems that one of the best ways to scientifically examine the holy books is to use History and its tools. The more accurate the content and the process of compilation of holy books are with historical verifications, the more acceptable it will be. This research aims to investigate, with a historical approach, the possibility and actions of distortion in the three great books of Abrahamic religions, namely the Torah, the Bible, and the Quran. Investigations show that only the Quran has its textual and temporal integrity, and the Old and New Testaments were written in different eras and by different authors. But why did Jewish and Christian elders accept all of it despite acknowledging the authorship of the Testaments? The claim of this research is that what are called the books of the covenants have been written and added according to historical times, but the Holy Quran has remained unchanged from the beginning until now, and the theological justifications of Jewish and Christian elders have caused the acceptance of the entire text of the covenants.

Abstract:-
The Quran identifies self-superiority as a prominent trait of hypocrites. By delineating the root causes behind this misguided mindset, the Quran cautions the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) and the believers about the detrimental consequences it brings and offers strategies for addressing it. Given that the sense of self-superiority among hypocrites persists to this day, understanding it is crucial for enlightening the present generation and enhancing their insight.
The objective of this study is to elucidate the hypocrites' sense of self-superiority, along with its effects and consequences, drawing upon verses from the Quran. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach and relies on library sources. The emergence of the self-superiority mindset among hypocrites stems from various factors, including feelings of insignificance in comparison to the greatness of the Prophet (peace be upon him), a sense of personal wisdom juxtaposed with perceived foolishness in others, and notions of aristocracy and economic superiority. Manifesting this mindset, hypocrites demonstrate behaviors marked by self-admiration, divisiveness, and belittlement towards the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him), the divine revelations, and fellow believers. In response to such challenges, the Prophet (peace be upon him), guided by Quranic principles, employed a dual strategy: one of tolerance and enlightenment to mitigate their influence, and another of firmness and resolve to counter their divisive actions. Through these measures, the Islamic society was shielded from the dangers posed by the hypocrites.

Abstract:-
George Robert was an English novelist who wrote many short stories. He was a talented student who lived a turbulent life. Kessing chose to write about women and their changing opportunities in late Victorian times. Depicts prostitution, female violence, domestic life and the personality of the spinster. Kessing was influenced by the feminist movement at the end of the 1880s, which left a remarkable influence on his writing, arguing that exotic women deal with the vacuum of Russian concepts of male power. Such critical analysis of patriarchal power opens up space for female heroes who embody those human qualities overlooked or suppressed by tyranny. In this novel Gissing presents the emotions, thoughts, expectations, relationships and the psychology of those women, despite the fact that he is a man, but he is so talented that he could convey the inner side of a woman. What he is trying to say and make the society aware of is stop taking women for granted and start taking them seriously considering their spiritual, social, intellectual side.

Abstract:-
Nonverbal communication spans across different languages worldwide, with body language (BL) being one of its forms. This paper focuses on exploring BL in both Iraqi and American political interviews ,to identify both similarities and differences in their use. It's clear that any form that conveys an idea or message qualifies as communication. People communicate through various means, such as spoken words, gestures, facial expressions, and more. This research examines communication through gestures in Iraqi and American cultures, explaining the meanings behind them and discussing their acceptability. The research is descriptive, non-numerical, and linguistically focused, aiming to provide a straightforward overview of the communicative languages and cultures of Iraq and the United States.
The first part deals with a specific theoretical review, the second part tackles body language in Iraqi and American cultures. The last part consists of the methodology and data analysis.
However, the data collected from both languages depend on a variety of sources that contain different interviews or meeting for the former American president Trump and the former Iraqi prime minister Alkadhimi . After the data analysis carried out in the light of an eclectic model based on R. Lado (1957), the following conclusions were drawn: In the analysis, it was noted that while certain aspects of body language share similar forms across both languages, they carry different meanings. Additionally, some aspects have identical meanings but vary in form. The theoretical exploration has uncovered that cultural differences explain why certain aspects of BL are absent in either English or Arabic. Interestingly, it was found that English speakers utilize bodily movements, especially gestures, more frequently than Arabic speakers.

Abstract:-
This paper delves into the complex interrelation between linguistic theory and language teaching, accentuating their dual and interdependent nature. The discussion will span from historical views on the relevance of linguistic theory in language education to practical applications of such subfields of linguistics as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics necessary for structuring workable language teaching methodologies. The paper also considers the structure and provisions of language teaching syllabuses that constitute grammatical syllabuses, situational syllabuses, notional/functional syllabuses, task-based syllabuses, content-based syllabuses, learner-led syllabuses, and proportional syllabuses. The paper considers how applied linguistics might help language teaching provision and practice through such a bridge between theoretical insights and classroom practices. The paper thus concludes that an understanding of linguistic principles needs to be deep so that language educators can make informed judgments about teaching strategies and syllabus design, leading to a more effective and better-informed learning experience.

Abstract:-
Myths have been a treasure of humanity since ancient times, serving as a testament to human perceptions of the world and consciousness. They are a form of expression born through thought, imagination, and conscience, and have been incorporated into various fields such as history, religion, ethics, politics, ideologies, and literature. Despite their historical significance, myths are not considered heinous or reprehensible expressions. They are a pattern of expression and thinking with great care, with remnants of sediment cells appearing in customs, traditions, and daily practices. Contemporary schools agree on the importance of myths due to their connection to the symbolic function. Man's longing for symbols and systems that reveal his pure reality and mind led to the creation of a new expressive world. Myth and superstition continue to prevail in Islamic thought, benefiting religious individuals and others.

Abstract:-
One of the basic interests that the legislator protects from any threat of criminal behavior or criminal result by danger or waste، whether this interest that the legislator protects is related to the individual or to the society. Rights and interests must be protected in criminal rules that criminalize the infringement of these interests and determine criminal penalties for them، and the legal place lies in preventing the transmission of the communicable disease، as the right of individuals to protect their right to life and the integrity of their bodies must be preserved and protected by states by states through tools including the criminal protection tool، which is one of the most important types of legal protection types and has the greatest impact on human beings and their freedom as well. It is known that the tool used to achieve this protection is the criminal law، as the function of the criminal law is protection. It protects interests or rights that of great importance. Because the legislator expresses his will in texts that include legal rules، we can divide them into multiple divisions. Each division follows one of the other branches of law. To achieve this، the criminal legislator is responsible for protecting personal legal positions and the rights and duties that flow from them، and punishes for example، the crime of murder to protect the right of man in life. He places criminal responsibility on the person who wasted the right of the victim to life. Man forms a place for criminal protection because of his humanity; this means excluding all other living beings. Since man is the goal that the criminal protection seeks to achieve that he is its purpose whether it is internal or international as is described a human، the criminal law defends the interests and rights of persons and punishes everyone causes harm or pain for persons or for their bodies by imposing both types of penal punishment as stipulated by the criminal code for aggressors.

Abstract:-
The right to work is one of the fundamental human rights guaranteed by the constitution and regulated by the law, which branches out into other rights enjoyed by workers, including the right to join a labor union. However, this membership is conditional upon several conditions that the worker must adhere to, otherwise, their membership will be terminated. Among the scenarios in which a worker's membership can end are dismissal or expulsion from membership, which will be the focus of our study.
The importance of this topic lies in addressing a highly significant issue due to the implications of the penalty of expulsion, as it deprives the worker of rejoining the union and also results in the loss of certain rights, most notably the end-of-service gratuity, and the consideration of service for the purposes of allowances, promotions, and retirement.

Abstract:-
This research dealt with the foundations of building modern Turkey during the reign of Ataturk (1923-1928), where the research targeted the analysis of the foundations and pillars on which the process of building modern Turkey based on during the reign of Ataturk, as well as the identifying the political, economic , social, cultural reforms that Ataturk implemented in Turkey, and revealing the motives and goals behind these reforms. Then, the research focused on identifying the challenges that faced the process of modernization and change in Turkey during the reign of Ataturk.
The research has been divided into introduction, two chapters and conclusion. The first chapter: The Establishment of the Turkish Republic (era of Ataturk 1923-1938). The second chapter: The political, economic, social and cultural reforms. The conclusion: A summary of the most important research results. In this research, the researcher followed the historical research method. Analytical method has been adopted, too.
The research concluded by arriving at the most important results, which demonstrated Ataturk's success in leading the Turkish liberation movement against the occupying Allied forces, and establishing the modern Turkish Republic in 1923. Ataturk was elected as the first president of the Republic. He started a series of revolutionary reforms to transform Turkey from an Islamic state into a secular national state and lay solid foundations for building a modern, secular national state on the ruins of the crumbling Ottoman Empire. The most important achievements of Ataturk can be summarized in the abolition of Ottoman authority and the caliphate, the declaration of the Republic, establishing a new constitution ,granting women the right of voicing and run, modernizing civil laws, encouraging industrialization and foreign investment, reforming the agriculture sector, monetary and financial reforms and gradual economic openness. In addition to reforming education, uniting education under state supervision, modernizing the civil laws, liberating women, abolishing Sufi orders and zawiyas, granting women political rights, abolishing titles and honors, issuing a family law, and also adopting the Latin alphabet, reforming and purifying the language, establishing cultural institutions, and encouraging arts and literature.

Abstract:-
The Arabs considered bravery and chivalry to be among the most important qualities for an Arab knight to possess. These qualities are what Arab men value and respect in a man. Due to this, a great number of Arab leaders from pre- and post-Islamic history gained notoriety and became well-known for their valour and gallantry.
As chivalry and courage are two of the qualities that make someone deserving of praise, the Arabs felt compelled to write numerous sayings and poems about him. Some of these sayings include the following quote from Al-Dhahabi: "Courage and generosity are brothers; therefore, whoever does not find his money should not be generous to himself." As a result, the Arabs gained a reputation for having courage and chivalry. These were some of the most significant traits that ancient Arab man possessed.
These admirable traits are drawn from the way of life that Arabs in pre-Islamic and Islamic times on the Arabian Peninsula led. Their survival depended on their ability to travel across the Arabian Peninsula's desert in search of pasture and water. They experienced severe weather and lived in a land covered in dust and sand. One of the rational explanations for the sanctification of bravery and horsemanship among the Arabs is that they lived alongside camels and horses in the extreme heat, therefore they adopted their nature, as Ibn Khaldun stated in his well-known introduction.

Abstract:-
This research is about the comprehensive literature in the booke of Dr. Mohsen Abd-el –Sahib al-Mudhafer that bears the address (Oasis of Soul). Research was done on literary genres included in the book as poetry of all kinds; classical , free, and prose poetry, as well as, the story,, wisdom , thought and comment, as well as the geocultural. The research found that the book "the oasis of soul" is a cognitive, comprehensive , encyclopedic, literary book in tis topics and literary genres. The writer tried to present himself as an educated, comprehensive, far from cultural divisions of literature and the classifications of his of its creators such as: poet, short storywriter, novelist, etc. This book is unique in terms of its method and topics. It is likely that the next literary culture will keep pace with the culture of technology to be formed in this way, and this book will be a pioneer in this direction. The researcher tried to know the depths of this book ,he came out with the result that this type of writing are comprensive and enjoyable cognitive writings.

Abstract:-
The scholars' opinions vary on the interpretation of the ambiguous verses in the Quran. Some take these verses at face value, avoiding interpretation, which can lead to significant issues like anthropomorphism. In contrast, others with keen insight and profound thought delve into interpretation. Scholars have endeavored to elucidate the philosophy behind the presence of these ambiguous verses. Some believe that their existence is necessary due to the need for interpretation, which causes parts of the Quran to explain each other. Others have clarified that the wisdom behind these verses lies in connecting humans to Allah, the afterlife, and presenting new challenges to human intellect, such as certain cosmic or human issues, prompting reflection on their true nature and uncovering their unknown aspects.

Abstract:-
Many legislations defined the general amnesty as an absolute necessity and a guarantee for achieving justice among the individuals of the society as being one of the means that achieves some of justice that the families of accused and those sentenced by judicial rulings can be assured of. Amnesty is defined as amnesty from the sins of the accused or convict, which results from the judiciary issuing a criminal lawsuit and stopping the legal consequences as an effect of that lawsuit, unless the law stipulates otherwise. Many countries have taken this direction when they stipulated it in their constitutions, and others in general or special laws through which they have drawn up themethods and means by which it is legislated, and the authority is authorized to do so. Among these countries are india, Argentina, Belgium. Germany, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, as well as the Republic of Iraq, the subject of our research, which requires us to clarify the constitutional and legal organization of some of them in order to compare them by the authorized authority to issue the general amnesty and its impact on the part of those covered by the provisions of the laws through which the issuance of a general amnesty was regulated, the party authorized to issue it, and the crimes that fall under its provisions and are excluded from the scope of its implementation. and what arranges on it of any effect from those who are included with.

Abstract:-
This research discusses the importance of compatibility and harmony issue between spouses according to the Islamic law. It shows that the Islam confirmed the competence issue which is the base for building a family the right way, and since the formation of a good family is a chief goal of Islam, so The Islam encouraged marriage and made it half of the religion. There are specifications taken into consideration in marriage. Some of them are obligatory and some are desired. The researcher discussed them throughout using what was stated the research in the holy Quran and the Sunnah. So, the Islam has stressed the importance of affection between spouses based on their respect for each other's rights. So, marriage in Islam is actually a sacred bond and a partnership between two parties based on rights and duties in the marriage life.

Abstract:-
As soon as Islam's light emerged, its adversaries started hating it and hatching schemes to destroy it- sometimes with the use of guns and force, other times with deceit. Then, instead of using force, they turned to intellectual warfare against Islam, creating what is known as the "intellectual invasion," which is more deadly and far-reaching than the "military invasion." People become victims of the intellectual invasion and bow to its beliefs in order to forward its mistaken objectives, since it aims to demolish the foundation of peoples' behaviors.
One of the most prominent fields targeted by the enemies of Islam in their invasion of Muslims is the field of education, and the seeker of knowledge took his largest share of this invasion. The colonialists understood the influence of education in shaping a person's behavior, ideas, and traditions. It caused them to seize control of the cornerstones of education in Islamic nations and graft Western educational models into its frameworks in order to forward the objectives of intellectual colonization.
Additionally, through the training of Islamic leaders who embraced the demand to mindlessly copy Western culture. In other words, they want to raise a generation of Muslim youth that emulates their beliefs and way of life Keeping the next generation of Muslims away from Islam and its culture, or perhaps turning Muslims away from Islam altogether, as well as eradicating its traditions and practices. Consequently, it is the responsibility of Muslim youth in general and knowledge seekers in particular to meet ideas with ideas and actions with actions. The only option is to face, accept, and demonstrate oneself in the struggle.

Abstract:-
After Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was martyred in the year 40 AH, Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan came to power. In the year 41 AH, he appointed Al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah governor of Kufa. Muawiyah told him of a will that had to be followed when he said, "And you will not abandon your testament with a trait that cannot be tamed." Regarding the cursing of Ali, the praise of Uthman's Shiites, may God be pleased with him, bowing down to them, and enjoying them, the criticism of Ali's associates, the estranging and not enjoying them, and the expression of compassion and forgiveness for Uthman.)
Later, when Al-Mughirah began insulting and cursing Ali in Kufa Mosque, some of the Commander of the Faithful Ali's (peace be upon him) associates, led by Hajr bin Adi Al-Kindi and his allies, rebelled against him. Following Al-Mughirah's demise in the year 51 AH, Muawiyah appointed Ziyad bin Abiyah as governor. Thus, he got up and began to speak, profanely denouncing Imam Ali (peace be upon him). Hujr bin Adi al-Kindi and his adherents then stood up in response, denouncing Ziyad and extolling Imam Ali (peace be upon him).
Thus, Ziyad assembled fifty prominent Kufa sheikhs and notables, who testified for Muawiyah and vowed in the name of God Almighty that Hujr and his friends disregarded God Almighty like bald people because they stood up for their imam. He therefore threw them in jail, wrote to Muawiyah about them, delivered them to him, and used Marj as a justification. Twelve men from Imam Ali's (peace be upon him) companions made up their group.
So, Muawiyah intervened on their behalf and got six of them out of jail. Hajr bin Adi Al-Kindi, Sharik bin Shaddad Al-Hadrami, Qubaisa bin Dubayah Al-Absi, Kadam bin Hassan Al-Anazi, Mahrez bin Shihab Al-Manqari Al-Tamimi, and Saifi bin Fasil Al-Shaybani were the others. In order to take control of Muawiyah and grant them an acquittal and the curse of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), Muawiyah sent them a gift from Al-Qadha'i. When they didn't comply, Muawiyah slaughtered them.

Abstract:
We set out after depending on God, we look at the book (as I what I see), our teacher, Dr. return Harizi, if it is a few items in the facilitation grammar; Dr. return has created significant issues in facilitating the way.
As the Dr. may broadcast in his grammatical issues of great attest that grammarians have overlooked some of the ayatollahs and walk it down in grammatical Qaeda and sought refuge in the words of prose or a poem from here or there mode, hence the study is to look and read in the book We have chosen some of the issues which dealt with facilitation grammar such as relying on the Koran in the development of grammatical rules, and the rejection of all that is contrary to the Koran n erroneous measurement or explanations repugnant, and follow all the doctrine of kufi in expansion puts grammatical rules smoothly and God for success.

Abstract:-
The research aims to analyze the impact of financial statement manipulation within international financial reporting standard(IFRS) to determine the positive and negative impact of areas upon financial information relevance, this survey used inductive approach to review the literature of creative accounting to distinguish between the developing and negative impact for relevance of financial statement, the researcher got there some areas are not apple to be manipulated, because it reduce a financial information relevance which lead to decrease its users faithful. There are some areas have no any effect on financial information relevance, and don’t cause any economic crisis in the company s future, the main recommendation is to not manipulate operation income and debt items.

Abstract:-
The study dealt with a simple definition in the introduction.it discusses the characteristics of the short story in the Arabic literature, so that , the specialization is then to be completed in the stories of al-Rawi and the Iraqi storyteller Mohammad Khudhayer and what whose stories included of characteristics, such as drama, intensification, thematic unity, dialogue, main and secondary characters, situations, climaxes of events and stories, conflict resolution point, conflict, and conclusion. Because every story has a time and place, the storyteller relied on it and then moved towards it in a creative narrative way, and the main reliance was on employing these characteristics in accordance with evidence with analysis, investigation and employment.

Abstract:-
The research dealt with the news of creation as mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, which was identified through the interpretation of the Qur’anic verses that are relevant to the subject, as the noble verses made it clear that the world is an event and is a creation, and that every creature has its own form in terms of its creation and the way of its existence, according to what the noble verses have made clear, The study showed some of these creatures, such as the creation of the Earth according to the Qur’anic definition of it and how it was divided and joined, and the compatibility of that with the scientific facts that confirmed the greatness of the Qur’an and its scientific miracle, in addition to the creation of man and his stages, the truth of which science has proven, given that the Holy Qur’an is the word of the Creator and it is more eloquent than anyone else. About the truth of man, and the noble verses have made it clear that the creation of man is a summary of the power of God Almighty and that everything in existence is subservient to him. Therefore, the importance of the research stems from identifying creation and its stages as indicated by the noble verses and science confirming this information. The descriptive and analytical approach was followed in that, where The stages of creation as explained by the Qur’anic interpretations were described and analysed, and its relationship to scientific facts. The study reached the most important results, the most important of which is that creation as explained by the Holy Qur’an is miraculous in its information and reality, and that the word of God Almighty is the absolute truth, as proven by commentators and scholars and confirmed by practical facts.

Abstract:-
Official relations in government institutions provide information that enables employees to perform their job duties in the required manner, which contributes to the organization achieving its goals and increases employees’ feelings of satisfaction with their institutions. The study aimed to clarify the impact of official relations on achieving job satisfaction for employees in government institutions.
The study relied on the use of the historical method and the descriptive and analytical method.
The study found that formal relations in the government institution are linked to achieving job satisfaction among employees in an integrated and direct relationship. The effectiveness of formal relations increases the effectiveness of job satisfaction. It has also been shown that formal relations contribute significantly to achieving understanding and harmony between workers and senior management, through employees knowing their tasks and responsibilities accurately, which increases their achievement and thus their sense of satisfaction. In addition, official relationships provide important opportunities for development and promotion within the organization, which motivates employees to work hard and achieve, in order to obtain promotion and success, thus achieving a sense of job satisfaction.
The study also recommended deepening research into the concept of official relations within government institutions, and increasing the institutions’ interest in this aspect to achieve employee satisfaction and be able to develop the institution and ensure its continuity.

Abstract:-
The research aims to understand the reliance of Iraqi university professors on news websites for information about the Al-Aqsa Flood operation. The study uses a survey method and a sample of 200 selected respondents. The most prominent motive for reliance is following the details of the operation (40%). Confidence in news sites as a source of information is moderate (76%). The most important cognitive effects resulting from reliance on news websites are identifying life conditions for civilians in Gaza (87.2%), feeling sympathy for Palestinian people (93%), and donating to those affected by the Zionist bombing (83%). The research is classified as descriptive research and uses questionnaire and scale tools.

Abstract:-
Purpose: The main objective of this research is to explore the relationship between hybrid leadership and electronic loafing, in the Environment Directorate of Najaf Governorate.
Methodology / Design: The questionnaire form was approved for the purpose of all data, and was distributed to the research sample of (73) employees working in various departments of the Environment Directorate of Najaf Governorate. The obtained data were analyzed using (Spss V.25) program.
Conclusions: There is a positive and significant effect of hybrid leadership in its dimensions in reducing electronic loafing in the Environment Directorate of Najaf Governorate. This means that applying hybrid leadership methods can be effective in reducing the time employees spend on unproductive activities online.
Originality/value: This research contributes to enriching the existing literature by testing the interaction between hybrid leadership and electronic loafing in the context of public sector organizations, specifically the Environment Directorate of Najaf Governorate. While previous studies have explored both concepts independently, this research uniquely integrates them to understand how a hybrid leadership style can effect employee behavior in digital work environments. The originality of this research lies in its focus on hybrid leadership as a potential solution to the pervasive problem of electronic loafing, providing empirical evidence of its effectiveness in the organizational environment. The results provide valuable insights for organizational leaders and policy makers who aim to enhance productivity in the workplace by leveraging practices of this type of leadership.

Abstract:
Bound morphemes are sounds attached to Arabic language words that carry morphological and grammatical meanings. Where did these language morphemes come from? How did the Bedouins speak it fluently and without knowing grammatical rules? knowing that it is so difficult that not to make mistakes. The research suggested that it was endowment from God. He gave it to the Arabs, and inspired them to preserve it so that it would be a container for the Holy Qur’an. The Arabs are accustomed to the new vocabulary later on, but according to standards Which God endowed for a period of time, until the Qur’an was revealed and its pronunciation became stable among the people.

Abstract:-
The Noble Qur’an, with the meanings and pearls it contains within it, and the rulings and legislation it contains within its pages, has given the mind a role and influence in building knowledge, in acquiring knowledge, understanding it, and directing it in the correct manner according to the prescribed method, the only purpose for which God created people, and sent the messengers. To call for it, and He sent down books to explain and clarify them. This role that the texts of the clear book brought about is considered a tribute to man on the one hand and an honor on the other hand.
The subject of the research is the Qur’anic call for exercising the mind/a practical model from the story of Abraham (peace be upon him). It also aims to highlight the most important meanings of contemplation and what revolves around it, and to know the role of the mind in the cognitive construction of man, through the verses of the Holy Qur’an that urged the exercising of the mind in Many of them, along with an explanation of the opinion of the most important Muslim schools in explaining the extent of the authority of reason and its consideration as one of the correct methods that reach the truth. The research also aims to clarify the steps of thinking and identify errors in them.
The one who contemplates the abundant verses of the Qur’an will find an abundance of Quranic sentences and phrases from which researchers, thinkers, and scholars draw inspiration, evidence of the sincerity of the honor and honor that man has received over other creatures, the magnitude of the status that the mind has attained among all other human organs, and the Qur’an’s comprehensive view of the work of the mind, and its encouragement. To consider and contemplate, think and contemplate, and unleash it in the realms of knowledge in accordance with the controls and determinants mentioned by the Qur’an and made clear in the huge legislative issues and evidence that no reasonable person would deny that they are for the sake of man, and within the limits of bringing benefits to him, warding off harms from him, and making him a free and honorable being free from sin. Corruption, obstruction, and factors of corruption and deception.

Abstract:-
In our present time and during the Occultation of the twelfth Imam, the Seal of the Caliphs , the opinions of the imamate thinkers and jurists differed between those who call for a civil state based on the absence of a counterpart to the infallible Imam to replace him, and those who call for a religious state based on the theory of succession, and whoever rules people in the Islamic society must derive his legitimacy from the Islamic Law itself.
The reason of the jurists' difference is their difference in understanding the verbal evidence contained in narrations ,and as a result, their difference in applying the narrative principles to reality, some of them understood that the term (sultan), (ruler), (judge), (narrators of our hadith), (my successors) includes the ruler as a ruler who practices legislative and executive powers. Therefore, he called for the absolute guardianship of the jurist, so, the role of jurist became m for him, leading the nation. Some of them understood it to mean settling between disputants (judiciary), and explaining the legal the legal rulings (fatwa), meaning that the role of the jurist is limited to the resources of personal matters only, and he does not participate in authority or hold government positions, but rather practices the role of advice, guidance, and oversight concerning the fiqhi matters.

Abstract:-
This study dealt with the study of artificial intelligence in terms of its methods, dimensions, requirements for its application, components, importance, and comparison with human intelligence and clarification of what distinguishes each of them from the other. The study also dealt with applications of artificial intelligence. The study aimed to clarify what role artificial intelligence can play in developing the decision-making process. The number of respondents was 365, 120 females and 245 males, distributed among several educational groups, from Iraqi specialists and those interested in the research topic. The study also dealt with electronic management in terms of its objectives and results of its application, and compared it with the traditional management method and explained how the transition from traditional management to electronic management can help develop the decision-making process. This study attempted to answer a set of questions and put forward a set of hypotheses and concluded that artificial intelligence and electronic management can improve the accuracy of developing decisions taken in institutions and organizations, and provide the decision-maker with a set of applications that help him make them, face challenges, emphasize the role of trainers in practical training and overcome the problems of the traditional management method and enhance knowledge And the experience of the decision maker.

Abstract:-
A terminal illness is the condition of a person who dies due to the complications of a disease. The effect of this situation on his sacrifices is disputed by jurists. Some of the jurists have considered Manjazat to be like a will, and some others have not believed in these principles and consider the patient's freedom of action to be the same as the time of his health. In the civil law of Iran, even though insanity and smallness are considered as causes of death, but it is not a disease connected to the death of Namibah. The question that arises in the mind is, is the silence of the legislator in the position of expressing the assumption that he did not want to consider the disease as the cause of the stone, or should we refer to reliable jurisprudential sources? Since the subject laws of Iran are based on jurisprudential opinions and theories, the traces of jurisprudence can be clearly seen in many sources of legislation. Among them, it is discussed that due to the conflict and ambiguities that exist in jurisprudence opinions, in cases of silence, problem solving faces serious challenges.