Journal of Misan Researches

The phenomenon of stylistic deviation is considered one of the most prominent linguistic phenomena that scholars have focused on due to its impact on enhancing the beauty of poetic texts. This phenomenon appears through various linguistic levels, where stylistic deviation is defined as the departure of language from its original form to generate aesthetic dimensions. Its use has become particularly notable among Arab modernist poets, particularly in the arts of rhetoric. The Iraqi poet Sayyid Mohammed Jamal Al-Hashimi exemplifies this well, as he has utilized his poetry to express his faith and love for the Prophet Muhammad and his family. He employed stylistic deviation to create new connotations that strengthen the impact of his poetry. Thus, this research aims to explore the aesthetic and semantic dimensions of rhetorical deviation in the poems of his collection "Al-Hashimiyyat." The study begins with a primary question regarding manifestations of rhetorical deviation in the poetry of Sayyid Mohammed Jamal Al-Hashimi. It is assumed that the poet has distanced himself from traditional patterns in crafting his poetic images by using simile, metaphor, and metonymy. This approach attributes sensory qualities to inanimate objects, bringing meanings closer to the audience, making rhetorical deviation a fundamental element in his poetry. The study aims to investigate the dimensions of this rhetorical deviation and analyze its types, including simile, metaphor, and metonymy. The main findings of this research summarize as follows: The concept of rhetorical deviation refers to the rhetorical departure at the semantic level through the elements of rhetorical science, such as metaphor, simile, metonymy, and synecdoche, leading to subdivisions such as simile-based deviation, metaphorical deviation, metonymic deviation, and synecdochic deviation

During the period 1968-1973, Iraq witnessed a remarkable development in its economic conditions, as oil revenues increased in an unprecedented manner, as a result of internal and international circumstances, in addition to Iraq's efforts to develop its other economic activities, including industry, trade and agriculture, and all of this was reflected in the government's financial policy that outlined the features of its economy. The financial and economic reports clarified the aspects of economic development in Iraq during that period through the accurate statistics they included, and the oil, agriculture and trade sectors were among the most important economic activities in Iraq, and the laws enacted in Iraq contributed to organizing these sectors, as well as the five-year plans for industrial development, not to mention income revenues and customs duties and the development of a comprehensive national plan for social security, the aim of which was to enhance the economic policy of the Iraqi state and highlight its social aspect

يعد موضوع السبي ّمن المواضيع المهمة في التاريخ الأنــدلــسي لأنه يُعتبر نتاجاً طبيعياً للحروب المتواصــــلة بين المسلمـــين والنصـــارى في شبــه الجــزيــرة الأيبيــرية اذ أنَّ الصـــراع لم يتـــوقف بينهم مما جعل النصـــارى في الشمال الاســـباني ودول الفـــرنجة يشـــنون الحـــروب على المسلمـــين محاولـــين أســـترداد ما يمكن أســـترداده من سلطة المسلمـــين على مــــدى القرون الثمانيـــة التــــي قضـــاها المسلمـــون في الأنــدلــس فلقد حكم المسلمـــون الأنــدلــس حـــوالي سبعمـــائة وثمانية وسبعـــين سنة (92-897هـ/ 711-1492م) الامر الذي أثار حفيـــظة النصـــارى الأسبـــان في شبــه الجــزيــرة الأيبيــرية فوقعـــت العديد من المعارك والغــــزوات بينهم ترتب على اثرها الكـــثير من حالات الســـبي بدأت منذ أنَّ قرر المسلمـــون دخـــول الأنــدلــس بغية فتحها سنة (92هـ/711م).
وقد انتظم البحث بمقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة وقائمة مصادر ومراجع اما المبحث الاول فقد تطرق الى المبنى اللغوي والاصطلاحي للسبي ، كذلك الالفاظ الدالة على السبي ، من ثم اخُتتم المبحث الاول بالتعرف على الموقف من السبي من خلال اثبات مشروعيته في القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة .
كما حمل المبحث الثاني عنوان (حملــة النورمان علــى مــــدينــة بربشتر سنــــة 456 هــ/1064م) ، واوضح ما قام به النورمان في سكان هذه المدينة من جرائم وفظائع وهتك الأعراض والقتل والسبي واحتلال المدينة بالكامل وكيف قام المسلمون باسترداد هذه المدينة الى حوزتهم ثانيةً في سنة 457 هــ/1065م .

Justice is one of the beautiful names of Allah and is considered one of the most important pillars of basic life that prepares and builds a strong, cohesive society free from deviation and injustice, especially when justice is prevalent in general and in all classes of society, whether among people to resolve disputes or with judges and rulers in courts to apply the law .This topic was studied in the primary sources of the Christian and Islamic religions, namely (the Holy Bible, the Holy Quran). Some sacred texts related to justice were selected in the Holy Bible in its two Testaments (Old and New), as well as in the Holy Quran, and their content and interpretation were known. We found that the sources of these two religions are concerned with the topic of justice and made it a priority in drawing the right path that leads society to safety, and that God Almighty is the one who ordered all the prophets to do so and in all times from the beginning of the universe and creation to this day

The study of historical figures is an essential part of academic research, especially those who have left a significant impact in their fields. The choice of the figure of Professor Dr. Thamer Ahmed Hamdan Al-Tamimi as the subject of this study comes due to his prominent role in developing orthopedic and fracture surgery in Iraq, and his scientific achievements that have earned him international fame. This study aims to document Dr. Thamer’s scientific career

Romania and the Soviet Union had a long history of common interests, and the two countries still share a common neighborhood. There were moments in history when they were on the same side, and times when they found themselves on opposite sides. For example, entire areas of land (mostly inhabited by Romanians) changed hands several times. Romania was an ally of the Russian Empire in World War I, and fought against the Soviet Union in the first part of World War II. Then in August 1944, it joined the Allied forces and fought alongside the Soviet army until the final defeat of Nazi Germany. After the end of World War II, the Soviet Union sought to consolidate and secure communist influence in Eastern Europe, especially Romania, by dissolving and forcibly merging parties. The Romanian Workers' Party appeared on October 5, 1947, and in February 1948, the Soviet Union concluded a treaty of friendship and cooperation with Romania against Germany or any other state directly or indirectly linked to it

The current research aims to evaluate scientific activities in science books for the primary stage in light of the objectives of the subject.
The current research community consists of science books for the primary stage, while the research sample included the activities included in science books for the stage (first, second, and third primary), and the number of activities included in science books for the stage (first, second, and third primary) amounted to (174) activities. Its validity was confirmed after it was presented to a group of experts specialized in (teaching methods, measurement and evaluation curricula and methods), where these experts expressed their opinions, scientific observations and suggestions, and to ensure the stability of the tool, the researcher obtained an acceptable stability rate.
For the purpose of extracting the results, the researcher used repetitions and percentages according to the objectives and activities of the book. The results reached by the current research resulted in the following:
The activities of the first primary book amounted to (24) activities. The knowledge level obtained (7) repetitions at a rate of (0.29), the understanding level obtained (5) repetitions at a rate of (0.21), and the application level obtained (0.5). The activities of the second primary book amounted to 51 activities. The knowledge level received 19 repetitions, at a rate of 0.37, the understanding level received 12 repetitions, at a rate of 0.24, and the application level received 20 repetitions, at a rate of 0.39. The activities of the third primary book amounted to 99 activities. The knowledge level received 45 repetitions, at a rate of 0.45, the understanding level received 32 repetitions, at a rate of 0.32, and the application level received 22 repetitions, at a rate of 0.22

The current research aims to:
_Develop a proposed strategy based on the Theory of Understanding Manifestations.
_ Evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in enhancing self-learning skills in the subject of Measurement and Evaluation. To achieve the second objective, the following hypotheses were formulated
"There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of students in the experimental group studying Measurement and Evaluation using the proposed teaching strategy based on the Theory of Understanding Manifestations and the mean scores of students in the control group studying the same subject using the traditional method in the pretest of self-learning skills."
"There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of students in the experimental group studying Measurement and Evaluation using the proposed teaching strategy based on the Theory of Understanding Manifestations and the mean scores of students in the control group studying the same subject using the traditional method in the posttest of self-learning skills."
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher employed the descriptive method and the experimental method with partial control. The research sample consisted of (87) students (male and female) from the Geography Department at the College of Basic Education, University of Misan, distributed across two classrooms. The researcher ensured equivalence between the two groups regarding the following variables: (chronological age calculated in months, pretest of self-learning skills, and mental ability test).
To obtain the research results, the researcher developed a self-learning skills scale consisting of (40) items with four response options, distributed across five skills. The researcher verified its psychometric properties as well as its reliability .
The research results showed that:
_The proposed strategy based on the Theory of Understanding Manifestations contributed to making students the center of the educational process, increasing their sense of academic responsibility and self-reliance.
_The proposed strategy based on the Theory of Understanding Manifestations was suitable for the students' mental level and intellectual maturity.
The researcher concluded with a set of recommendations and suggestions

The Scout Movement is one of the movements that have wide influence on the world's course, and is still a model for creating a valid citizen who is virtuous and leadership recipes. The movement is portrayed, especially at the Royal Covenant in Iraq to highlight particularly On one of the most important factors affecting the building of society and the ethnicity and despite the difficult circumstances that this movement has been accompanied by this movement and its establishment in our view how to influence the building of the school student for the purpose of standing on the difficult circumstances faced by the history of Iraq at that time

Modernity represents an intellectual trend based on foundations aimed at change and renewal. It relies primarily on a methodology of reading the text openly, in order to provide an opportunity for anyone to understand the text, without the truth being exclusive to anyone. Consequently, some modernist readings have relied primarily on reason, while adhering to renewal without clinging to heritage and adhering to past understandings of the text. This is because the idea of modernity itself is a critical idea, not a constructive one for a new thought, nor does it marginalize the past. Therefore, modernist readings have sought to transcend traditional readings of the texts of the Holy Qur’an, whether the foundational readings represented by the early commentators, or the glorifying readings represented by Salafist orientations in terms of methodology. This is based on the concept of deliberately studying the image of revelation circulating in the heritage, and on the traditional religious conception of this essence.
We will try to focus on the writings of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd in his book (Mafhum al-Nass: Dirasah fi 'Ulum al-Qur'an - "The Concept of the Text: A Study in Qur'anic Sciences"), which presented a new vision of the concept of revelation. Therefore, the fundamental problem in Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's intellectual experience in his book (Mafhum al-Nass) goes beyond working within the limits of the mere problem of understanding heritage, to working on the problem of understanding the religious text itself.
While the problem of heritage has taken up the largest share of researchers' efforts, the problem raised by Abu Zayd is more specific and particular. It is the problem of the position towards the Qur'anic text in particular. The question behind Abu Zayd's studies is: How do we understand and read the text?

The novel is one of the arts that allow other literary genres to overlap with it by expressing the human values it contains and its ability to portray emotional states and self-impulses and the movement of characters in a specific space, as it allows narration with its narrative effectiveness in Astknah semantic text narrative and aesthetic There are dimensions addressed by the narrative in a distinctive poetic style that is not related to the text, but goes beyond it to that external part of it represented in the social, emotional, psychological and even psychological contents Subjectivity . In the light of the foregoing, this research deals with the idea of textual interaction between the novel and the art of sculpture by standing at a specific model, which is the novel (Arabkha) by the Iraqi writer Saad Al-Samarmad, as this novel was characterized by its textual attachment with a number of arts, including sculpture, and this is what we will stand at through our research

The Companions and the Ahl al-Bayt (may Allah be pleased with them) placed great emphasis on preserving, interpreting, and caring for the Holy Quran since its revelation. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) was one of the most prominent figures who excelled in this scientific and intellectual field, playing a pivotal role in preserving the Quranic text, interpreting it, and clarifying its meanings. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was distinguished by his profound understanding of the connotations of words and the methods of Quranic expression, thanks to his extensive knowledge of the Arabic language and his unique grasp of its intricacies.This deep understanding was evident in his sermons and words, particularly in "Nahj al-Balagha," which serves as a mirror reflecting Quranic concepts in an elevated rhetorical style. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is also considered one of the earliest scholars who established the foundations for understanding and interpreting the Quran, contributing significantly to its compilation and preservation after the demise of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family). He exerted tremendous scholarly efforts to elucidate the meanings of Quranic texts, interpret them, and provide accurate and detailed explanations.Undoubtedly, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) played a prominent role in the emergence and development of the science of Quranic exegesis (Tafsir), being regarded as the first interpreter of the Quran after the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family). The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) relied on his knowledge and understanding in interpreting the Quran, often turning to him for clarification of meanings and rulings. This highlights his unique scholarly status and the trust the Companions placed in him

This study refers to the temporal interferences and paradoxes in the novelistic achievement of the writer Ibrahim Sabti in the novels (The Fox's Palace and The Descendant of Imagination), which are considered one of the most important aesthetic and artistic techniques in the novelistic work, as time for the writer was an essential and effective element in this novel, and it is even the vital element on which the narrative text is based and from which the events are formed.
In the novel "The Fox's Palace" we find that time has been determined by the writer, as the time of the narrative text is one day and ends the next morning, its summary is the dream of traveling to America to meet the famous actor at that time (Cleanth Eastwood).
In the novel, Descendant of Imagination, time and its interactions have two functions: the first is aesthetic, represented in decorating and embellishing the text, and the other is a communicative function that enables the reader to be attracted and seduced, and eliminates the flabby spatial and temporal dimension between him and the writer, as these interactions carried an informative character and answered many questions in one text, and memoirs, testimonies and interrogations were recorded in one time, and the temporal events were interspersed with stories to fill the narrative narrative in them and achieve goals and interactions to consolidate the text and protect it from the temporal gaps left by the main event. The novel, The Fox's Palace, has two temporal aspects, realistic and imaginary. The imaginary aspect is large and broad, while the realistic aspect roams in the depths of times and places charged with wars and circumstances more difficult and harsher than those that the novelist has placed for us in imaginary worlds. The writer used the methods of (internal and external flashback, common and repetitive temporal anticipation) as they are among the paradoxes and aesthetic and artistic techniques that give the text a lush, captivating and distinctive lustre

نستعرض في هذا البحث منهج الاسلام في الاصلاح الاقتصادي من منظور القران الكريم والسيرة النبوية وهذا المنهج قد عالج الانحرافات الاقتصادية التي كانت سائدة في المجتمع الجاهلي قبل ظهور الاسلام ومنها الربا واكل مال اليتيم واكل ميراث النساء والصبيان والغش وبيع الغرر وتطفيف الكيل والميزان وغيرها من الانحرافات
فان الاصل التعامل في الاقتصاد الاسلامي هو الحرية والاباحة في ممارسة النشاط الاقتصادي الا اذا تبين ان هناك عمل يصطدم مع الشريعة الاسلامية

The current research aims to:Designing a proposed training program based on homework strategies to develop among social studies teachers To achieve the research objective, the researcher adopted the descriptive method. The research community consisted of social studies teachers in Maysan Governorate for the academic year (2024 – 2025), totaling (1382) male and female teachers. A purposive sample of (25 male and female teachers from the General Directorate of Education in Maysan) was selected from the research community.
The researcher relied on a questionnaire for his study, which was directed to a number of reviewers in educational and psychological sciences and teaching methods. The questionnaire included homework strategies that social studies teachers need to be trained on, and it comprised four selected strategies for training. The researcher also directed a questionnaire to gather the reviewers' opinions on time management skills, which consisted of five areas. The research sample included social studies teachers in the center of Maysan Governorate for the academic year (2024-2025), totaling 471, which is 34% of the total number.
After that, the researcher began designing the proposed training program, which included ten training sessions that encompassed training activities, training strategies, methods, and media according to homework strategies. According to the research requirements, the researcher used the Chi-square (χ²) statistical method to determine the extent of agreement among experts regarding the skills, the training program, and the training sessions. Then, the apparent validity of the program was verified by presenting it to a group of judges specialized in educational and psychological sciences and teaching methods. After that, the researcher presented the training program to a group of male and female teachers.
The proposed training program design relied on the stages of program design and included (identifying training needs, setting program objectives, determining program content, identifying training methods, activities, tools, and training materials, program duration and location, and incentives (privileges)). The researcher prepared the training program, which consists of training sessions that include both practical and applied aspects

This analytical study focuses on the theory of the actual status (Maqām Fī‘lī), aiming to explain how scholars interpret and apply the Sunnah of actions in various contexts, including time, place, and understanding. It further explores the mechanisms for implementing these actions in contemporary reality.
The study revolves around the theory of actual status, which is based on the actions of the Prophet (PBUH) and their connection to the realities of Muslims during his time, taking into account their limited needs and perceptions. This research highlights the efforts of contemporary scholars in studying the Sunnah, integrating modern intellectual and cultural perspectives while maintaining the scholarly heritage of early Islamic scholars in understanding Hadith texts amid contemporary cultural challenges.
Linguists and rhetoricians comprehend Maqāmiyyah through the speaker’s context. Accordingly, this study examines the contextual nature of the Prophet’s (PBUH) actions and behavior. The research aims to explore these behaviors and actions to determine their implications.
The theory of the actual status asserts that textual effectiveness emerges only through a combination of contextual factors—historical, psychological, and social—which were traditionally referred to as Maqām and are now commonly known as textual context. Understanding the situational context of the Prophet (PBUH) and his practical behavior requires an in-depth investigation of historical and social circumstances, enabling a clearer understanding of how he interacted with both the general Muslim community and his close companions

The current research aims to identify (smart teaching skills in light of educational technology among physics teachers in the secondary stage from their point of view). The researcher relied on the descriptive approach, and to implement the study, the researcher built a measure of skills for teaching smart people in light of educational technology, and it included (61) skills, distributed in five areas: skills Smart design, dealing with software and digital networks, using smart educational tools, smart management and organization, and smart Evaluation), The study sample consisted of physics teachers at the secondary level, consisting of (50) teachers, who are affiliated with government schools in the Directorate of Education in Dhi Qar Governorate/ Department of Qala'a Sker Education The results of the study showed that the degree of possession of smart teaching skills depends on the areas of the scale as at came with an average degree of possession and a Weighted arithmetic average (2.204). The field of skill in dealing with software and digital networks got first level with a arithmetical average of (2.4) With a large degree of possession, The skill of using smart educational tools got second level with a arithmetical average of (2.34), and a large degree of possession, The skills Smart design got third level with a arithmetical average of (2.28) with an average degree of possession, The skills smart Evaluation got Fourth level with a arithmetical average of (2.02) with an average degree of possession, The skills smart management and organization got Fifth level with a arithmetical average of (1.98) with an average degree of possession, The results of the study also showed that there were no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable in terms of possessing smart teaching skills in all fields and for the subject as a whole .In light of the results of the study, the researcher presented conclusions and some suggestions and recommendations

This study aims to identify the following Effectiveness of the of the Pentagram strategy in achieving the measurement and evaluation course among students of Spanish colleges of education. The researchers formulated the null hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference at asignificance level of (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group who study according to the Pentagram strategy and the average scores of the control group who study according to the usual method in the post-achievement test. The researchers used the experimental method، as the researchers followed the experimental design with partial control، i.e. a design that includes two groups (experimental and control with a post-test for the achievement test). The community of this researcconsists of third-stage students in the first-grade teacher departments in all basic education colleges in Iraqi universities for the academic year (2023-2024)، which number colleges distributed across various Iraqi universities. The research sample was represented by male and female students، (36) of whom were in the experimental group، and (37) in the control group. The researchers conducted an equivalence between the research groups in chronological age Calculated in months، the mental abilities test (intelligence) was prepared by the researchers. The achievement test consisted of 40 paragraphs distributed over the vocabulary of the curriculum for teaching the subject. After verifying its validity and reliability، the test was applied to the research sample. This means that the students of the experimental group who studied using the Pentagram strategy were better at achieving the measurement and evaluation course than the students of the control group who studied using the traditional method. This is a clear indication of the effectiveness of this strategy in the process of achieving the measurement and evaluation course among the students of the study sample Arabia) Track changes Tum off Insert

Repetition is a well-established linguistic phenomenon in the Arabic language and a prominent feature in its linguistic structures, as it gives the text a formal and semantic coherence. This research aims to study the achievement of textual consistency in the hadiths of the struggle of the soul through the means of repetition, and to identify its coherence and cohesion within the linguistic text, as one of the means of lexical consistency in analyzing the text in theory and practice, by relying on the descriptive analytical method

After the topic, social commandments according to hadith scholars in Iraq during the Abbasid era (132 AH / 656 AH) are among the topics that deserve study, because the commandments carry within them many aspects The words it included indicate the lesson and the sermon, and the impact it left on the souls of the common people, not only in words but also in the behavior of the person, as it makes them feel fear of God. Almighty, and from here came the goal of the research in studying the wills of hadith scholars, and given the nature of the subject, the study relied on the historical and analytical method to determine the wills of hadith scholars and give a clear picture of the subject of the study. The study contained an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The first section was entitled The concept of the will and its legitimacy in the Islamic religion, and in the second section we mentioned social commandments according to hadith scholars... and from God, success

تعالج هذه المقالة موضوع الدعوى إلى وحدة المسلمين في اطار فكر ومواقف حوزة النجف الأشرف، حيث تناولت الجهود الفكرية والعلمية لعلماء النجف الأشرف في تحقيق التقارب بين المذاهب الإسلامية، وتسعى إلى معالجة المشكلة الأساسية المتمثلة في التفرقة المذهبية بين التفرقة المذهبية بين المسلمين، والتي غالبًا ما استغلتها القوى السياسية والتدخلات الاستعمارية لإثارة الفتن وتعزيز الانقسامات، وتفترض الدراسة أن الحل يكمن في تعزيز الحوار العلمي بين المذاهب، ونشر الفقه المقارن، وبناء جسور الثقة بين العلماء من مختلف الطوائف، مع التأكيد على الدور الفاعل للمؤسسات العلمية، مثل دار التقريب بين المذاهب الإسلامية في القاهرة، التي شارك في تأسيسها عدد من علماء النجف، ويبرز لنا أهمية البحث في ظل استمرار التحديات التي تواجه الوحدة الإسلامية، حيث تأتي هذه الدراسة في سياق معالجة الموضوع من زاوية أعمق تستند إلى منهج تحليلي تاريخي يبرز دور المرجعيات العلمية والشرعية في التصدي لظاهرة الانقسام المذهبي، رغم وجود دراسات سابقة ناقشت الوحدة الإسلامية، إلا أن هذه الدراسة تركز بشكل خاص على الدور النجفي وتأثيره العابر للحدود، هذا وإن البحث يعتمد على المنهج التاريخي والتحليلي المقارن، إذ يستعرض النصوص والمواقف والجهود العلمية التي بذلها علماء النجف في التقريب بين المذاهب الإسلامية، كما يوظف البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في دراسة الوثائق والمراسلات والمقالات التي نشرت حول هذا الموضوع، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج رئيسية، منها أن حوزة النجف الأشرف كانت رائدة في مشاريع التقريب بين المذاهب الإسلامية، وإن علماءها أدركوا مبكرًا إن الخلافات الفقهية لا ينبغي أن تكون سببًا في التناحر؛ بل يمكن استثمارها في إثراء الفكر الإسلامي، كما أكدت الدراسة إن مشاريع التقريب الناجحة اعتمدت على الانفتاح الثقافي والعلمي، وأبرزت الحاجة إلى وجود إعلام ديني يعكس روح الوحدة الإسلامية، وأخيرًا شددت الدراسة على أن الوحدة الإسلامية ليست مجرد شعار؛ بل تتطلب جهودًا مستمرة من المؤسسات الدينية والعلماء لتعزيزها، خاصة في مواجهة التيارات المتطرفة التي تسعى إلى إثارة الفتن الطائفية بين المسلمين

This research examines the conceptual meaning and image schemes in forensic texts. It explores how these forensic texts convey meaning through cognitive processes responsible for comprehension. Image schemes function at different levels of abstraction, coordinating complex perceptual. The next step in the analysis is to examine how these mental states are expressed and cognitive structures. The analysis focuses on how these mental representations manifest in forensic texts, particularly in ransom demands and suicide letters. A key aspect of this research is understanding the role of forensic linguistics and its connection to cognitive approaches. The selected forensic texts, drawn from Olson (2008), since they often contain complex and ambiguous linguistic patterns, which may lead to misinterpretation. Image schemas, as described by Johnson (1987), provide cognitive frameworks that help individuals conceptualize abstract meanings based on embodied experiences. The primary categories of image schemas are: CONTAINER, FORCE, and PATH image schemes, serve as fundamental cognitive tools that shape meaning construction in language

Intellectual and social security are two Islamic concepts that Islam affirmed and strived relentlessly to preserve them because they are of great importance in building a healthy society that is free from moral and behavioral afflictions. And the clan.
Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) had, on this basis and within this blessed series of the noble Sunnah, a distinct and undeniable role in his keenness to plant the discreet Islamic divine values, systems and nobility within the society in which he lives and for the societies in future generations.
In this regard, he gave (pbuh) a great deal of wise guidance and virtuous opinions by which the Islamic community took the transcendence and exalted status and elevated its aspiration, and the relations between Muslims themselves and other followers of other religions proceeded in a correct manner, and the hearts became harmonious and loving within the circle of correct human relations.
This research came to shed light on these two concepts due to their importance and to show the values in them that contribute to the renaissance and immunization of it against the intellectual, cultural and social changes that occur

The collective memory of the pre-Islamic Arabs—transmitted through successive generations and across various eras—has preserved for us a vast heritage of oral and written traditions, along with a rich linguistic legacy. This body of work, both in verse and prose, has reached such a magnitude that some Arabs and non-Arab researchers have come to believe, albeit unmethodically, that much of this literary wealth is either fabricated or inaccurately attributed to its original authors among poets and orators. This belief necessitates a closer, more critical examination of the issue in an attempt to uncover its complexities. Through a balanced and conscious reading of the Arab collective memory—which managed across generations and ages to preserve and evaluate these texts—this study explores various dynamics of preservation and evaluation that affirm the authenticity of attributing this literary heritage to the ancient Arabs of the pre-Islamic period

The current research goal is To know the level of hybrid thinking among students of the College of Basic Education at the University of Maysan and to identify the level of hybrid thinking among students of the College of Basic Education at the University of Maysan according to the gender variable (male-female). And to achieve the objectives of the research, the two researchers adopted the analytical descriptive approach, as the research community consisted of all students of the College of Basic Education for the two studies (morning - evening) at the University of Maysan, while the current research sample included (298) male and female students from the College of Basic Education who were chosen randomly. The researcher used a tool to measure the level of hybrid thinking among the research sample (prepared by the two researchers), which is (29) items, and after presenting and interpreting the results that were reached in the current research,The two researchers reached the following: it was found that the students of the College of Basic Education at the University of Maysan have an acceptable level of hybrid thinking as one of the higher thinking processes, and that this thinking came as a result of the tremendous development and technological progress, and it was also found that there are differences in hybrid thinking among the research sample, according to the gender variable in favor of females: .. The two researchers also reached a set of recommendations and proposals