The White Dome Journal

The phenomenon of domestic violence directed against children and women is one of the negative consequences that impacts both the family and society as a whole. This phenomenon has increased in prevalence due to erroneous behaviors that rely on violence as a solution to problems.
Every day, our children and women are subjected to violence that transcends the boundaries of culture and education.
The violence inflicted on children and women is not limited to physical violence but also extends to psychological harm, transforming the family from a nurturing institution that protects the child into an aggressor institution.

The current research aims to identify the effect of Sage›s Circle Strategy on the achievement of first-year middle school female students in the Social Studies subject. To achieve the research objective and hypothesis, the researchers followed the experimental method and the design of two equal groups with partial control because it suits the research objectives. The research community was determined by first-year middle school female students in middle and secondary schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Qadisiyah for the academic year (2024-2025). Using the simple random drawing method, Section (B) was randomly selected to represent the experimental group and Section (1), which represented the control group,The research sample amounted to 64 students after excluding the failed students, with 32 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group,The scientific material was determined in the fourth and fifth chapters of the Social Studies book scheduled to be taught in the second semester of the academic year (2024-2025), The researchers prepared the research tool, which was represented by the achievement test in the Social Studies subject, and it consisted of 40 test-type paragraphs The objective of four alternatives, and the researchers verified its validity reliability, level of reading difficulty, the effectiveness of its incorrect alternatives and the strength of its paragraph discrimination, After statistically analyzing the results, the researchers concluded that the experimental group students who studied the social studies material according to the Sage›s Circle Strategy outperformed the control group students who studied the same material according to the traditional method in the achievement test In light of the results, the researchers recommended a set of recommendations and suggestions

The current research aims to identify the effect of the cognitive conflict strategy on the achievement of second-year middle school students and their positive thinking. The sample of the current research was determined by second-year middle school students affiliated with Nineveh Education Schools for the academic year (2024-2025). Second-year middle school students were chosen to be the research sample intentionally. Two halls were chosen from a total of four halls, one of the two groups was experimental and the other was a control group. The research sample amounted to (65) students, with (32) students in the experimental group and (33) students in the control group. The researcher rewarded the two research groups in the variables of the intelligence test, chronological age, and positive thinking. The achievement test was also prepared, as (40) paragraphs were formulated in accordance with the content of the material and behavioral purposes (knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, composition, evaluation of the positive thinking test). The researcher prepared a test, which is positive thinking, which consisted of (15) paragraphs. The data were analyzed and processed statistically using the statistical program (21.SPSS.V). The results showed superiority The experimental group students who studied using the cognitive conflict strategy outperformed the control group students who studied using the traditional method in the positive thinking test. Based on the research results, the researcher recommends adopting the cognitive conflict strategy in teaching history because of its positive impact in increasing positive thinking among students. To verify the research objective, the researcher formulated the following hypothesis:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study using the cognitive conflict strategy and the scores of the control group who study using the traditional method in achievement.
2-There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.005) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study using the cognitive conflict strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study using the traditional method in positive thinking

Zakat is one of the most prominent pillars of Islam, and God Almighty has associated it with prayer in several verses, which indicates its great position in Islam as we look at the Qur›anic evidence that confirms the obligation of zakat, and review the categories entitled to it, as the evidence for the obligation of zakat is many, including the Almighty›s saying: «And establish prayer and pay zakat» (Al-Baqarah: 43) and his saying: «And those who have in their wealth a known right to the questioner and the disadvantaged» (Al-Ma›arij: 24-25). These verses indicate that zakat is an obligation imposed on Muslims in addition to the consensus of the general Muslim jurists, where they unanimously agreed on the obligation of zakat, which strengthens the position of zakat, as well as the hadiths of the Prophet that confirm the obligation of zakat and the teaching of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, to his companions how to pay it, where the Holy Qur›an specified the categories entitled to zakat, namely: the poor, the needy, those working on it, the author of their hearts, slaves, the freedmen, and travelers, and this represents Zakat in Islam is a legitimate duty that reflects the values of cooperation and social solidarity, as the Qur›anic and Prophetic evidence illustrates the great benefits associated with it, as the deserving groups reflect Islam›s interest in meeting and empathizing with all segments of society, which contributes to achieving social justice.

Affliction in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet is an important topic that reflects the spiritual and moral depth in Islam, where affliction appears as a divine means aimed at testing the faith of the slave, strengthening his patience, and enhancing his closeness to God, as the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Prophet provided a comprehensive vision of this topic, while emphasizing that affliction is not always considered a punishment, but can be a blessing to achieve divine wisdom.
Where affliction comes in a variety of forms, including good, evil, disease, wealth and poverty, safety and fear, with the aim of reminding man of divine wisdom and guidance towards dependence on God, the importance of affliction may lie in directing the individual and society towards the development of spiritual qualities such as satisfaction and trust in God, as well as to teach moral lessons that contribute to building a strong and cohesive society.
The research deals with the dimensions of affliction through Quranic texts that highlight its importance as a means of atonement for sins and raise degrees, as well as hadiths that clarify the role of patience and good handling of afflictions, and highlights the wisdom and purpose of it, to highlight how affliction can be a catalyst for spiritual and moral growth.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the most honorable of all creation, Muhammad, and his pure and virtuous family...
To proceed: Caring for the Noble Book of God and studying all the sciences related to it, especially the Shari›a, is among the highest and best studies. This is because it relates to the most honorable and greatest book revealed from heaven, and it has become an eternal miracle throughout the ages and days, and a source of inspiration for all who seek human perfection. Therefore, I decided to research a legal aspect of it, namely «touching the Qur›an in Islamic law». This is because it is an issue that has led to the introduction of the «electronic Qur›an» to keep pace with the scientific development in the technological field of digital information systems that have transformed the Holy Qur›an from a paper copy to an electronic copy. It is also one of the technological developments that have been used in developing the «drawing of the Qur›an This led to the emergence of what is known as the «electronic Qur›an.» Issues related to it—the electronic Qur›an—arose alongside the paper Qur›an, a subject of debate among contemporary jurists. This is because the rulings pertaining to electronic Qur›ans are subordinate to the rulings pertaining to paper copies. One of these rulings is the ruling on touching without purification. To clarify this aspect—touching the paper and electronic Qur›an—and to uncover the opinions of scholars, this research was conducted. Our final supplication is that all praise is due to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon Muhammad and his pure and immaculate family..».

The research deals with a detailed study of the visual and aesthetic characteristics of the Baghdad Museum architecture, which depends on the architectural and structural elements on which the Baghdad House was founded, where all architectural and functional ideas were evoked from the details of the spaces of the Baghdad House, the components of the popular market, workplaces, popular and traditional professions, and their employment in expressing the Baghdadi society and its social and professional classes, and popular customs and traditions in a three-dimensional dynamic panorama with expressive sound effects specific to different situations that reflect with distinctive craftsmanship that image required to be conveyed to the museum visitor and transport him to a time whose features disappeared with urban and urban development.

Al-Sharif al-Murtada›s approach to interpretive criticism was characterized by its reliance on reason and logic, alongside religious tradition. He believed in the importance of reason as a means of understanding Quranic texts and interpreting them logically, consistent with the fundamentals of Islamic doctrine. He tended to interpret verses based on the apparent meanings of the texts, taking into account the Quranic context and the Arabic language, unless there was rational or religious evidence calling for interpretation. He paid great attention to the linguistic and rhetorical aspects of the texts, believing that understanding the connotations of words and rhetorical devices were essential for arriving at the correct meaning. Al-Sharif al-Murtada was also a cautious critic of excessive metaphorical interpretations based on assumptions unsupported by conclusive evidence, rejecting interpretations that went beyond the apparent meaning without a strong justification based on reason or religious tradition. Another prominent trend was his criticism of the interpretations of commentators who violated the principles of reason or whose views contradicted clear and explicit texts, believing that interpretation must be consistent with rational principles established by sound logic. In addition, Al-Sharif Al-Murtada emphasized the importance of absolving God Almighty of attributes that are inconsistent with His majesty and perfection. He rejected any interpretation that attributed to God attributes of anthropomorphism or likeness, considering this to be contrary to the doctrine of pure monotheism. He also relied on a meticulous critical approach to evaluating the narratives and sayings transmitted from the Companions and Followers, scrutinizing the authenticity of the chains of transmission and the content of the narratives in accordance with reason and logic, reflecting a balanced critical approach between reason and tradition. These trends were evident in his Quranic interpretations, which were characterized by profound analysis and precision in their interpretation of meanings, making him one of the most prominent figures in rational interpretation in the Imami school.

The Karbala, like many other Iraqi cities, faced major health challenges during the period 1939-1958, including the spread of diseases and epidemics. Karbala suffered from the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and plague due to the lack of health facilities. The city›s hospitals and clinics were inefficient, with a severe shortage of medicines and medical equipment. Karbala suffered from a significant deterioration in its health situation, with the spread of epidemics such as malaria and plague. A shortage of hospitals and medicines made treatment difficult, making the period 1939-1958 one of the most difficult periods for the residents of Karbala from a health perspective.

The Holy Quran is the primary source of Islamic objectives. Based on this, I decided to title my research «The Objectives of Islamic Law in Light of Surat Al-Qamar.» Therefore, I began by defining the objectives and explaining the most important objectives of the Quranic surahs, with pauses before Surat Al-Qamar. I then explained the objectives of Surat Al-Qamar according to the five essentials, given the effective role Islamic objectives play in achieving people›s interests and happiness in both worlds, whether related to existential or non-existent aspects. This is because a need may be fulfilled in this worldly life, or it may be fulfilled on the Day of Judgment. This is what Surat Al-Qamar achieves when carefully examining its blessed verses.

The research titled «First Philosophy and Nahj al-Balagha» begins with a research plan, progressing through the discussion of the relationship between first philosophy and Nahj al-Balagha. This relationship is deeply rooted, as both aim to understand and affirm belief in the First Creator, His oneness, and His justice.
The first chapter defines first philosophy, also known as divine philosophy, through the words of philosophers and thinkers. Although first philosophy is a product of divine prophets and messengers—since they laid its foundation and structured its ranks—it is considered the first discipline, as the essence of religion begins with knowing God.
The second chapter introduces Nahj al-Balagha in the context of first philosophy by analyzing its monotheistic and epistemological sermons, which primarily illuminate the reasons and causes that guide Muslims toward embracing the true doctrine based on wisdom and philosophy. Additionally, this section examines statements about Nahj al-Balagha that relate to philosophy, leading to the well-known conclusion that its discourse is «below the words of the Creator and above the words of creation.» The study asserts that the philosophical knowledge within Nahj al-Balagha is definitive, presented by Imam Ali (AS) in eloquent, highly expressive statements, without deficiency in argumentation or exertion in reasoning—unlike many philosophers who struggle to articulate their arguments.
The third chapter explores Imam Ali’s profound epistemological and philosophical insights, supported by rational arguments. Among the strongest proofs discussed are the argument of causality—which establishes the necessity of the effect’s existence based on its cause—and the argument from mutual hindrance (tamānu‘). This section concludes by highlighting the unique characteristics of Nahj al-Balagha’s knowledge, distinguishing it from the philosophical insights esteemed by philosophers.

The problem of social media addiction emerged with the advent of social media, threatening the well-being of society. Excessive use of these platforms, where addicts spend long hours on devices, neglecting worship, family, responsibilities, and the demands of daily life, can have detrimental effects on health and the body. It is imperative to be aware of these devices and follow treatment programs based on Islamic thought .

It is no secret that the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 opened the door wide to criminal organizations and negative customs that were alien to authentic Iraqi society. Terrorist groups infiltrated and organized crime gangs spread throughout Iraq. Despite the people of this wounded country’s struggle against these gangs and the elimination of many terrorist organizations, especially the honorable victories achieved against ISIS, Terrorism in recent times, but there is a type of crime that is not easy or simple to combat and seek to reduce due to its nature and the different circumstances of its commission, and these crimes are crimes arising from dealing in drugs and psychotropic substances, as these crimes are considered among the biggest problems facing any society.
Because it targets it primarily, and undermines its basic building block, represented by its youth, who are the basic pillar for the advancement of society and its rectitude in various aspects of life. When the youth are in a state of correct orientation and sound planning to build the future, this matter is the basis for the development of society and its cohesion from disintegration.
In addition to its security, economic, scientific, and other forms of stability, this is not what those who seek to make society intoxicated, listless, and devoid of all factors of success want. Therefore, youth are primarily targeted for promotion and facilitation of their use of these destructive toxins.

Judicial custody is one of the important topics in the courts because it provides the opponents with speed in the procedures and preservation of the disputed money required by certain circumstances, namely cases of necessity and urgency. The Iraqi legislator organized the subject of judicial custody in the Iraqi Civil Procedure Law No. (83) of 1969, as amended in Articles (147 and 148). Judicial custody can be used in practical applications to ensure the preservation of the money of groups that need legal protection, such as minors, the insane and the foolish, as well as in cases of disputed estates until the dispute is resolved, the endowment and bankrupt banks.

«Plato›s book (Laws) represents a significant shift from his ideal Republic towards a more realistic and practical model of a state. Its importance stems from being an attempt to apply philosophy to the reality on the ground, and to provide a legal and political framework for a society striving for justice and stability in the absence of the ideal philosopher-ruler.
In (Laws), Plato addressed several key problems that faced the Greek city-states. Firstly, he presented the rule of law as an alternative to the rule of philosophers, emphasizing the sovereignty of law based on reason and collective wisdom. Secondly, he sought to achieve social unity and stability through a precise organization of social and economic life to prevent disparities and divisions. Thirdly, he emphasized the importance of comprehensive moral education to cultivate virtuous and law-abiding citizens. Fourthly, he addressed external influences and corruption, warning against unregulated openness and calling for the establishment of controls to protect society. Fifthly, he paid attention to the relationship between religion and the state, proposing an official religious system to promote shared values and social cohesion.
(Laws) demonstrates a maturity in Plato›s political thought, as he acknowledges the limitations imposed by human nature and real-world circumstances. This work offers an integrated vision of how to build a righteous and sustainable society through wise legislation and sound education, making it an important reference in the history of political and social thought, and its ideas remain relevant to understanding contemporary challenges

The research aims to study the semiotics of color in the Husayni elegies in the poetry of the Abbasid poet (Tala›i› ibn Ruzayk 495 AH-556 AH) in terms of understanding the significance of colors and drawing guidance from them in poems that express social life and its linguistic systems in those poems. Tala›i› embodied his feelings in colors and painted his words with them to awaken a fiery glow that makes color sting the sight and insight. There is no doubt that colors and lights play a role in literature.
Creatively, it clarifies and embodies meanings, and adds movement and life to them through light and color description. Color has formed a deep personal obsession for the poet, so he employed it in his Husayni poems, revealing its cognitive and aesthetic connotations. Since the killing of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him), his family, and his companions represents the greatest tragedy that befell Islam and Muslims, Islamic generations have continued to consider the killing of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) as one of the greatest calamities, and they commemorate his memory with sadness and condolence.
Poets played an active role in immortalizing this painful memory, which Muslims used as a means to stimulate and arouse emotions against the killers of the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them. The Abbasid poets and their Shiites did not differ from this overwhelming wave, as the appropriate motives were prepared for the maturation of the Husayni elegy in this era. The emotional motive represented by the effect
The poet of the tragedy of Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) and the political motive that was represented by his feeling that he was part of the opposition to the Abbasid government, those motives formed a complete picture of the Husseini elegy in terms of subject and art, and hardly an era of Abbasid literature passed without the martyrdom of Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) on the tenth of Muharram being a day of public mourning held
During the memorial ceremonies commemorating this painful anniversary, after reading the poet›s collection of poems that documented this tragedy and examining his poetry, we were struck by a prominent phenomenon in his poetry: color and its prominence in Husseini poetry. We decided to title it «Color Semiotics,» as it represents a vast world of connotations, concepts, and metaphors that invite us to contemplate its symbolism and dimensions. Keywords: Semiotics, connotation, color, signified, Tala›i› bin Razik, elegy.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the world with the Qur›an and His Messenger, the Most Merciful, Maulana Abu Al-Qasim Muhammad bin Abdullah and his honorable family...
The Holy Qur›an is the first source of Islamic law, which is the only book, reached the Islamic nation with verbal frequency, and this is only because of the intensity of care and interest of Muslims in their holy book, and the intensity of interest has emerged that the nation›s scholars have been interpreting the book of God Almighty, so there have been many interpretations over the centuries, so we note the spectra of interpretation vary from century to century and from one world to another, from here the Bahrani scholar emerged in the eleventh century in his archaeological interpretation.

This research aims to shed light on the topics of Quranic sciences referred to by Sheikh Baha› al-Din Muhammad al-›Amili in his book (Ain al-Hayat). The topics of Quranic sciences are diverse, according to the divisions classified by Professor Dr. Hikmat al-Khafaji in his book «The Terminology of Quranic Sciences According to the Imam (peace be upon him),» into legislative topics, including: (Meccan and Medinan, reasons for revelation, clear and ambiguous verses, and abrogating and abrogated verses); thematic topics, including: (general and specific); and semantic Quranic sciences, including: (Quranic miracles). These three divisions are included in the interpretation of (Ain al-Hayat), and the researcher explained them in the second section of the research, while the first section introduced the author and the work.
The research concluded with a number of results, the most prominent of which is that the biography of Sheikh Al-Baha’i, through what was mentioned about him by the scholars, as well as through what has reached us from his works in various sciences, all of this proves the brilliance and greatness of this great scholar, as he is one of the scholars of the eleventh century AH, whose star shone and whose knowledge was dispersed in many areas of knowledge. The scientific value of the interpretation of (Ayn Al-Hayat) is of great importance, as it includes his theological discussions, including his discussions on what scholars of other schools of thought have gone to, such as (Al-Baydawi and Al-Zamakhshari), and his evidence on jurisprudential issues and the explanation of the legal rulings contained in the verses of rulings, as well as the reference to the discussions of the sciences of the Qur’an in the folds of his interpretation of the blessed verses, so it was a rich interpretation full of different information in various sciences, and other results.

The research demonstrated that the caliphate is the highest administrative position in the Islamic state. The topic of the caliphate occupied a large space in the approach of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).
The importance of the research lies in the fact that the duties assigned to the caliph, from Imam Ali›s (peace be upon him) perspective, encompass all worldly and religious affairs. Therefore, the person holding this position must be a role model for all members of the nation in word and deed, not monopolizing anything to the exclusion of the poorest.
The research addressed the conditions that must be met by an advisor or minister to achieve integrity in this administrative apparatus. These conditions, as defined by Imam Ali (peace be upon him), are: he must not be stingy, cowardly, or greedy; he must have an honorable past; he must be rigorous in his duty to God, not be hypocritical about the truth, and know no other path.
The research emphasized Imam Ali›s (peace be upon him) concern for workers, as they are the pillar of the state and the ruler›s support among his subjects. He (peace be upon him) identified the qualities that must be present in the worker, and then provided administrative directives to enable him to carry out his duties. The research concluded that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) gave special attention to the judiciary, due to its importance in strengthening the state’s apparatus, and due to the importance of the judiciary institution in the state’s administrative apparatus. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) set conditions for those who assume the position of judge, in order to achieve justice and adhere to integrity.

This research explores the social and verbal strategies of bullying used by characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald›s The Great Gatsby, utilizing Henri Tajfel and John Turner›s Social Identity Theory as a theoretical foundation. The examination centers on the role of social categorization, social identification, and social comparison in shaping the dynamics of bullying depicted in the novel.
Upon careful analysis of the way characters interact and speak with each other, the research demonstrates how characters are sorted into specific social classes according to their wealth, social status, and upbringing. These classifications play a significant role in shaping the characters› sense of self and impact their connections with others, resulting in preferential treatment towards those within their group and negative treatment towards those outside of it. These patterns are evident through acts of bullying such as verbal abuse, belittling comments, and exclusion from social circles.
The research also delves into the psychological effects of bullying on both those who are bullied and those who engage in bullying behavior. Characters who are victims of bullying in the story experience diminished self-worth, a sense of being cut off from others, and an altered perception of themselves. On the other hand, the individuals who engage in bullying often experience an increased feeling of dominance and authority through their actions.
This research presents a detailed comprehension of the social and psychological aspects of bullying as illustrated in The Great Gatsby. The results carry wider significance in comprehending the influence of social identity on human conduct and the prevalence of bullying in today›s society.
Henri Tajfel and John Turner›s Social Identity Theory offers a fundamental framework for comprehending the dynamics of group behavior, social categorization, and intergroup relations. The theory suggests that individuals categorize themselves and others into different social groups based on characteristics like class, ethnicity, wealth, and social status. This categorization gives rise to in-groups (the groups individuals identify with) and out-groups (those who do not belong to these groups). To preserve a positive self-image, individuals often show preference for their in-group while displaying discriminatory behavior or negative attitudes—such as bullying—towards out-group members. This desire to bolster one›s self-esteem through group membership can result in the reinforcement of social hierarchies and group boundaries.
In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, one can analyze the social and verbal bullying tactics employed by characters such as Tom Buchanan through the lens of Social Identity Theory. Tom sees himself as part of the elite «old money» group in East Egg and sees characters like Jay Gatsby, who embodies the «new money» of West Egg, as belonging to a lower-status out-group. His derogatory comments and verbal bullying towards Gatsby serve to reinforce the social divisions between the established elite and the nouveau riche, rather than simply reflecting personal animosity. The novel delves into how group dynamics and social identity influence behavior, perpetuate class distinctions, and uphold social inequalities.

Journalism as a whole is a question of society whose answers are provided by specialists in this type of science - the media. In this research, we tried to approach the traditional and citizen newspapers to reach the best ways to benefit from them without harming one of them It is a look at the reality of a new baby who rises to stand among adults and may exhibit a lot of harshness in behavior and mistreatment until he matures. We have shown in the folds of the research the positives and negatives of the two, the ways to their success, and the obstacles to individual survival .in the hope that the research represents an idea along the way.