Pure Sciences International Journal of Kerbala

In this paper, a nanoparticle co-polymer was made through condensation polymerization, which releases water as a byproduct when one mole of glycerol and one mole of phthalic anhydride react at various temperatures and periods. DSC and FT-IR were used to analyze the nano co-polymer produced. Adsorbed textile dye Eosin yellowish from aqueous solutions was disclosed in this paper, along with measurements of the nano co-polymer's particle size by AFM and XRD. The nano co-polymer had a particle size of 69.42 nm according to the results of the AFM and 69.04 nm according to the results of the XRD. Three distinct concentrations of nano co-polymer (1 ppm, 3 ppm and 5 ppm) as well as three different temperatures (298 K, 308 K and 318 K) were examined for their effects on the adsorption process. It is clear that these variables are crucial to the process. The findings of the experiment revealed that the exothermic nature of the reaction was demonstrated by the fact that the amount of eosin yellow dye that could be adsorbed on the surface of this nano co-polymer decreased as temperature increased. The obtained findings confirmed the great efficacy of nano co-polymer in the removal of yellowish eosin textile dye.

This article introduces a new kind of mean sets that are also semi-open. Each such set contains a non-void proper semi-open set and also it is contained in another proper semi-open set. Within this work, we compare our new concepts against the corresponding concepts that were defined via open sets. We study some fundamental properties of mean semi-open sets and their complements and provide some new results. Moreover, we investigate the behavior of such sets when they are also minimal and maximal.

This study determines the amount of gene expression level of the SLC5A5 gene in women with hypothyroidism (HD), as it is one of the key genes influencing the development of the condition. Additionally, some risk factors were examined, including diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, prior thyroidectomy, and family genetic history, to assess the impact of these factors on the prevalence of HD. Peripheral blood (PB) samples were obtained from 50 women with HD who were followed up by medical diagnosis and whose ages ranged from (40 to 70) years. 50 samples of healthy women who do not suffer from chronic diseases were selected as a control group. Polymerase chain reaction (qPCR-RT) technique was used to quantify expression SLC5A5 gene levels in the samples, as well as to measure some hormonal criteria for patients with thyroid disease to demonstrate their importance in diagnosing the disease. The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured. The results showed no statistically significant on the expression of the SLC5A5 gene in women with hypothyroidism compared with the healthy group. In contrast, the results of thyroid hormones showed a significant decrease in both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and non-significant effect of TSH. Additionally, the findings indicated that factors such as family history, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease contribute to the development of HD. In conclusion, risk factors such as family history, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease were found to play a role in the development of the condition, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of HD.

The present investigation was done in November 2023. One hundred fifty specimens of malignant Breast cancer tissue, covered with paraffin wax and diagnosed by a specialist, have been gathered along with fifty specimens of benign tumour tissue. The control set was comprised of specimens taken from the histopathologist lab at Imam AL- Hussein Medical City (IHMC), the Al-Kafeel Spec Iality Hospital Lab (KSHL), and the Specialized Al-Sajjad Laboratory (SSL) for histopathology and tumour identification. The investigation contained two sets of specimens. The initial cohort comprised 66 females with breast carcinoma who did not receive chemotherapy, while the subsequent cohort included 84 females with breast carcinoma who did take chemotherapy. PCR technique was utilized on DNA from specimens of tissue afflicted by breast carcinoma across all studied sets, focusing on the amplification of the B1 and SAG3 genes.This work attempted to ascertain the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with breast carcinoma. The toxoplasmosis incidence in patients with breast carcinoma was 11.3%, and the infection rate in normal participants was 4 percent. The data indicated that the infection rate among females who underwent therapy was higher than that of untreated females, attributable to their weakened immunity and increased infection risk, resulting in a 3.7 % greater probability of patients females acquiring breast carcinoma in comparison to normal females. 1. INTRODUCTION1 Toxoplasmosis was a zoonotic disease resulting from Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii), an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects people as well as animals that are warm-blooded as intermediate hosts, with different feline family members serving as intermediate and final parasite hosts [1]. Toxoplasmosis infection is worldwide in its spread among humans, as it *Corresponding

The paper deals with the importance of the continuum theory as a mathematical concept and its great role in solving many problems. Since the term proximity is a modern term, we were able in this research to answer a very important question: Is it possible to study types of continuity in proximity space like the types found in the usual topological space? In this research, we were able to find a type of continuity (????????−continuous) and obtain many results, relying on proximity theories and the different definitions of proximity space, and we were able to link them to the new definition that was established.

Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) is still a major global health problem, even though there are vaccines and some antiviral treatments. The virus can stay in the liver for a long time because of its strong genetic material, which helps it escape current treatments. This study is a literature review that looks at how B cells—important immune cells—change during chronic Hepatitis B infection. It focuses on special types of B cells, like atypical memory B cells (AtM B cells) and regulatory B cells (Bregs), and how they may weaken the body’s ability to fight the virus.
The review highlights gaps in current knowledge and suggests that future research should explore new ways to treat Hepatitis B by targeting these B cells. Better understanding of how B cells work in HBV infection may lead to more effective treatments and possibly a functional cure.

Bacterial respond to extreme environment stress let them to survive and grow. One bacterial strategy to survive is persister state. Persistence enables a subset of small cells population to become a dormant, non-replicative state and avoid stress. Bacterial persister has been linked to a number of biological processes. The toxin-antitoxin system(TA) is one of the most significant persistence mechanisms in bacteria. Thus, it has been determined that bacterial toxin–antitoxin complexes are a suitable target for treatment. Through two gene, protein is encoded. toxin that targets a vital cellular function besides an antitoxin that suppresses the activation of the toxin. Toxin expression can have a Bactericide effect; they could be regarded as “intracellular molecular bombs” that may cause their host cells to be eliminated. Therefore, current review discusses the functions of TA modules in development persister cell and the effects of environmental stress on persister cells.

This paper presents an analytical study of networks using mathematical and statistical techniques, with a focus on practical applications using MATLAB. The study aims to understand the internal structure of networks and analyze the nodes with the highest influence using centrality factors such as degree centrality, median centrality, closeness centrality, the experience conducted with MATLAB-supported applications for network representation and extraction of statistical indicators.

In this paper, new subclasses of bi-univalent functions associated with Horadam polynomials are introduced and investigated. Additionally, the researchers find estimates of the first two coefficients of functions in these subclasses. Moreover, they obtained the Fekete-Szegö inequalities for these function classes. Besides, pertinent links of the results are provied with those considered in previously investigations.

Let C1 and C2 be conjugation operators, both of which are antilinear, isometric, and involution mappings, defined on a separable complex Hilbert space H. This paper introduces the concept of skew C_1 C_2-symmetric operators (skew C_1 C_2-S.O). A bounded linear operator A on H is classified as a 〖skew C〗_1 C_2-S.O. if it satisfies the condition ( C1A = -A⁕ C2 ), or equivalently, ( A = -C1 A* C2 ). We examine and analyze several fundamental properties of such operators and provide a concrete example to illustrate this notion.