Rafidain journal of science

EBV, is a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human
viruses, Epidemiological data suggest that EBV is associated with polytransfused blood β-
thalassemia and several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus,
rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. We examined the presence of IgM antibodies
against EBV in serum of 35 Thalassemic patients, 75 autoimmune patients among as 35
rheumatoid arthritis patients, 20 Systemic lupus erythrematosus and 20 autoimmune
hypothyroid diseases, and 20 healthy controls by ELISA assay then detected the
predominant strain in positive samples. The results show that the highest EBV infection
percent was in SLE 15% whilst the lowest infection percent was in Thalassemia 5.7%., and
according to gender, the results showed that the highest infection percentage recorded in
females with rheumatoid arthritis 30 %, whilst the infection does not appear in males with
rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune thyroid disease and females of thalassemia patients.
On the other hand, this study reveals that EBV-1 is the predominant strain in autoimmune
diseases and thalassemia in Iraq.

This paper includes a development of spectrophotometric method for the
determination of metoclopramide.HCl. The method involves the diazotization of
metoclopramide.HCl and coupling with pyridoxine. HCl, to form an intense orange colored,
water-soluble and stable azo-dye which shows a maximum absorption at 470 nm. Beer's law
is obeyed over the range 0.5-30 μg/ml metaclopramide. HCl with a molar absorptivity of
1.98*104 L.mol-1.cm-1, The average recovery is 99.27% and relative standard deviation of ±
0.124 to ± 0.778%. This method has been applied successfully to the determination of
metoclopramide.HCl in pharmaceutical preparations.

The current study was designed for using grape fruit peels (Citrus paradise) to remove
lead, copper and zinc from industrial wastewater. Three forms of these peels (fresh, dried
small pieces and powder) were tested under some environmental factors such as pH,
temperature and contact time. Current data show that grape fruit peels are capable of
removing lead, copper and zinc ions with a significant capacity. Furthermore, the powder
of grape fruit peels had a highest capability in removing all lead, copper and zinc ions
followed by fresh peels whilst dried peels had the lowest bioremoving capacity again for all
metals under test. The highest capacity was for lead then copper and finally zinc. All these
data were significantly (LSD peel forms = 3.349 mg/l) varied. However, some examined factors
were found to have significant impacts upon the bioremoval capacity of grape fruit peels
such as pH, temperature, and contact time where best biosorption capacity was found at pH
4, at temperature 50 Cº and contact time of 1 hour. It is true that grape fruit peels varied
significantly in case of metal ions and increasing examined factor (pH, temperature, and
contact time). The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) illustrated that
hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups were the major binding sites for Pb, Cu and Zn ions
by grape fruit peels.

The U.V. Spectra were used for the direct quantification of the Schiff base N-(o-N-
(methyl-3-ol-2-butenimino)-N-(o-Toluyl)-1,2-diphenyl-ethandimine and its complexes
with Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II) and Cu(II) in absolute ethanol at λ= 344 nm for the Schiff base,
Co(II), Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes and at λ = 260 nm for the Cu(II) complex. The direct
determination limit was estimated through the plot of the molar concentration against the
absorbance and R2 and R.S.D for each complex were calculated. The method appears to be
in a good accuracy and precision.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of
thymol. The method is based on the coupling reaction of the drug with diazotised 4-
aminoacetophenone reagent in alkaline medium to produce an intense red coloured water -
soluble and stable azo dye which exhibits a maximum absorption at 502 nm. Beer’s low is
obeyed over the concentration range 0.2 – 16 μg/ml with a molar absorptivity of 2.89×104
L.mol-1.cm-1. The limit of detection is 0.0216 μg/ml and the limit of quantitation is 0.072
μg/ml, average recovery is 101.6%, and RSD is less than 2.4%. The proposed method is
applied successfully to the determination of thymol in pharmaceutical preparation.

New complexes and adducts of xanthate of the general formula [M(2-BuoEtxant)2] and
[M(2-BuoEtxant)2.nL] Where M= Fe(ΙΙ), Co(ΙΙ), Ni(ΙΙ), Cu(ΙΙ) and Zn(ΙΙ), and
(2-BuoEtxant)=2-Butoxyethylxanthate, and n=2 when L= pyridine; Isoquinoline, γ-picoline,
3,5-lutidine, n=1 when L= ethylenediamine, (1,10)-phenanthroline, have been prepared and
characterized by metal analyses, infrared, conductance measurements, electronic absorption
spectra and susceptibility measurements. Magnetic moment and electronic spectra, indicate
that the complexes of type [M(2-BuoEtxant)2] are of tetrahedral geometry while the
complexes of type [M(2-BuoEtxant)2.nL] have an octahedral geometry.

A series of new complexes of the type [M2LCl4] and [M2L2Cl4] where M=Mn(II),
Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), L={1,3-Bis(2-amino-5-nitropyridine)isophthylidene} have been
prepared. Adduct complexes of the type [M2L(PPh3)2Cl2]Cl2 were M= Co(II) and Ni(II)
were also prepared in 1:2 (complex: PPh3) molar ratio. The complexes were characterized
by molar conductance, magnetic moment, and FT-IR, UV-visible spectral studies and metal
content analysis. Conductivity data showed that the complexes were non-electrolytes and
the PPh3 adducts were 1:2 electrolytes. Magnetic moments and electronic spectra indicate
that the complexes have either tetrahedral or octahedral geometry while the complex
Ni2LCl4 has square planer configuration.

This research studies the effect of annealing in temperature range (300 - 600)°C on
nano-topography of SiO2 film. SiO2 nano film growth on Si (100) p-type substrates, by
using the anodic oxidation technique using (%75H2O+%25 isopropanol) solution containing
0.1N KNO3 as supporting electrolyte and applied potential is 5 volts. The chemical analysis
of the surface of SiO2 has been done by (EDAX) shows the presence of O and Si elements.
(AFM) is used to study the nanotopography of SiO2 nano film. However, it has been found
that all of the following characteristics, root mean square RMS surface roughness of the
SiO2 film, grain area, grain volume and grain length increase with the increase of annealing
temperature

The density and mass of Spiral galaxy NGC 3672 has been studied as a function of the
distance from the center of the galaxy. The mass of the three regions of the galaxy (nucleus,
disk and halo) have been calculated and compared with other work. The total mass of NGC
3672 is found to be 1.22×1011 Mo at a radius of 23.7 kpc.

A comparative study for temperature dependence of bulk modulus and an investigation
for the evolution of this variation have been established, by using five different theoretical
equations, according to their historical development. The theoretical results obtained in this
work have been compared with experimental data. Pyrope garnet, Mg3Al2(SiO4)3, has been
chosen as an example for solid materials.

This research involves studying the effect of thermal neutron on the optical properties
of nuclear track detector (CR-39) exposed to radiation at different time ranges from
(1 to 15) day at room temperature. The photo absorption was measured using a spectrometer
(UV-1100). The results show that the coefficient of absorption increases by increasing time
of neutron flux exposure. It was found that the energy gap values decrease with the increase
of exposure radiation time, the results also show that the value of energy gap at direct effect
(before and after) radiation is more than its value in the indirect effect, also the numbers of
carbon atoms in a cluster were determined from UV-visible spectra of the thermal neutron
irradiated samples.

The present study includes the investigation of the effect of evaporation with Peganum
harmala seeds on hormone FSH, LH, testosterone concentrations and sperm count in male
albino rats Rattus norvegicus treated with Chlorpromazine. The rats were aged (3-4) months
and weighing (200-300) grams. The first group was a negative control of 10 rats which
gavaged with distilled water and the 50 remaining rats gavaged with Chlorpromazine ( 2 mg
/ kg body weight ) daily for six weeks. The treated animals were divided into 4 groups, each
group consists of 10 rats. The positive control was treated with drug only, the second group
was evaporated daily for a period of 7 days, the third was evaporated daily for a period of
14 days, the fourth group was evaporated daily for a period of 21 days and the fifth group
released for 30 days without treatment .
The results showed a significant decrease in LH, FSH, testosterone hormones
concentration and sperm count in a group treated with drug chlorpromazine (control group
positive) compared to the negative control group. Also the results demonstrate that
evaporation rats with Peganum harmala seeds for 7, 14 and 21 days lead to a significant
increase in LH, FSH, testosterone hormones concentration and sperm count as compared
with positive groups, while hormones concentration and sperm count did not recover to the
normal level in the group which was released for 30 days without treatment.
From this research, it is concluded that evaporation with Peganum harmala seeds
causes rearranging the sexual activity in the rats treated with Chlorpromazine.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the consumption of stressed food
with microwaves radiation on some placental hormones in pregnant mice and the role of
ginger Zingiber officinale in reducing this effect. 100 Mus musculus pregnant mice at age
(10-14) week and (25±2)gm weight, were divided into 10 groups, included control and nine
experimental groups, 10 mice\group. Ginger was used as aqueous extract with concentration
(1000mg\kg) body weight. The period of treatment 18 days starting from the 1st day until
the 18th day of pregnancy. Animals anesthetized and drawn (2ml) of blood from the orbital
eye to measure the concentration of estrogen and progesterone hormone in blood serum.
The results showed that stressed food with microwaves radiation causes decreasing of
estrogen concentration and an increase in progesterone concentration in blood serum in
comparison with the control group. While the treatment with aqueous extract of ginger was
efficient in limiting the effects of stressed food with radiation as increasing in estrogen
concentration and decrease in progesterone concentration comparing with the groups treated
with the stressed food with radiation.

The study includes evaluation for the efficiency of two of phthalimide derivatives to
clarify their effects on seedling stem explants (containing nodes) of Nigella sativa L. to
initiate callus and their effects on callus growth and differentiation.
The results referred that the addition of each of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) phthalimide (A)
and N-(2-carboxyphenyl)phthalimide (B) with concentration of (10-4, 10-6, 10-8) molar alone
or with (10-6) molar each of (2,4-D, NAA, and BA) alone resulted in callus growth,
remarkly the highest fresh weights of callus recorded are (12.657 and 9.77) g when 10-6
molar of each A or B compound was added alone after 75 days of growth alternatively.
Whereas the addition of 10-6 molar of each A or B with 10-6 molar 2,4-D enhanced callus
growth to reach (23.33 and 19.03)g alternatively, in comparison with the fresh weight of
callus grown on MS with addition of 10-6 molar of BA and 10-6 molar of each A or B
reached (13.72 and 20.53)g after 75 days of growth alternatively compared with (16.24) g
that on standard medium (MSt).
The results revealed also that the addition of 10-6 molar of compound B with NAA
increased the weight to reach 10.8 g with the enhancement of root formation from callus,
and the roots formation was continued to grow after more than 75 days of culture. The
addition of 10-8 molar of compound B enhanced root formation to reach (4) in number and
2.83 cm in length, whereas, the addition of 10-4 molar of compound A enhanced shoots,
which reached to 3 in number and 2.5 cm in length, in addition to the enhancement of the
flowerings. The result also showed that the best media to induce the growth of callus are
those which contain (10-6) M of compound A.

The present study includes the determination of concentrations of some heavy metals
(Lead Pb and Cadmium Cd) in muscles, liver and gills of the three economic fish species:
Cyprinus carpia, Condrostoma regiumand Liza abu. These fishes were collected from three
sites along sides of Tigris river in Mosul city, during spring 2011 to winter 2012.
The three sites along Tigris river were the entry of Mosul city (Mushirfa site) which is
considered as control, Middle city (near the Iron old bridge) and the ending city (Albosaif
site).
The aim of the study is to assess the accumulative levels of these metals in fish and
their transporting in food chains till arrived to human body.
The results showed that the concentration rank of the metals in fishes followed the
describing sequence: Albosaif site > middle city > Mushirfa site. Lead bioaccumulation in
fishes tissues and organs followed the descending sequence: liver > gills > muscles.
The results also showed that cadmium bioaccumulation in fish tissues and organs
followed the descending sequence: gills> liver > muscles. These highest values were
refereed to variety in pollution sources with heavy metals in the river and made the fishes as
a good pollution bioindicater.

The field survey of broad bean fields in Nineveh showed the existence of BYMV in
(Rashidiah, Guabba, Shrekhan, Shalallat and Danadan) regions in 2008-2009 and 2009-
2010 seasons .
The viral incidence was 52% in Rashidiah at pre-flowering stage, while the incidence
was 30% at Shalallat, whereas in 2007 season, the disease incidence reached 55% in
Rashidiah and 36% in Danadan fields.
The results of serological diagnosis, using TBIA, Dot-Blot techniques proved that the
main cause of mosaic symptoms on broad bean plants in these fields was BYMV (Bean
Yellow Mosaic virus).
TBIA technique showed the existence of BYMV at 4% in broad bean seeds.
Spraying mineral oil (Sunoco) and insecticide (Alpha Methrin) separately and their
mixture using corn plants as barrier plants revealed that the contents of potasium, calcium
and sodium were decreased, but nitrogen content was increased in diseased plants 0.310,
0.343, 0.232 and 0.067 mg, respectively, but these values in case of using barrier plants
were 0.532, 0.543, 0.596 and 0.042 mg, respectively.
Also treatments reduced the content of chlorophyll A and B in diseased plants to reach
17.94, 15.71 and 14.53 mg/g and increased in case of botanical barrier treatment to reach
32.61, 28.52 and 24.43 mg/g.

The Bacterial contamination of some locally prepared salads in some restaurants in
Mosul city was studied. These salads were prepared from vegetables and legumes with
souse and flavors. Samples were collected from random restaurants in four different places
in Mosul city including: Al-Majmoa Al-Thakafia, Al-Zuhoor, Al-Nabi Younis and Al-
Dawasa.
Total plate count, gram negative and spore forming bacteria were detected, as well as
some pathogenic bacteria such as Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes and
Staphylococcus aureus.
In general, the results showed contamination of these foods with variable numbers and
rates of different types of bacteria in these restaurants under study which comprised harmful
on environment and general health.
Al-Majmoa Al-Thakafia restaurants were showed lowest rate of contamination with
Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in cucumber
and tomato salad (0%) and in spakety with (0,5,15%), and the percentages of contamination
were different in miyones and hommus betahena, while salads collected from Al-Nabi
Younis restaurants showed high contamination rate with those three pathogenic bacteria as
hommus betahena represent the highest rate of contamination (40,30,60%) for each of
Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus respectively.

Five self-fertilized generation means ( , , , and ) of two crosses in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), the first (Azeghar-1 × Um-Rabie-5), and the second (Leeds × Waha), were genetically analyzed to estimate gene action for the traits: plant height, total chlorophyll percent in flag leaf, heading time, spike length, number of flag leaf venation and flag leaf area. Two models were used for analyzing the components of the generation means, parameters model and five- parameters model. The results showed that the three – parameter model was inadequate for the inheritance of all the studied traits in the two crosses. Additive, dominance and epistatic effects for polygenes revealed significant role to express the studied traits.

The present study was performed to detect the biochemical properties of ten types of
honey bees (Black Bean, Forests, Rosemary, Thyme, Citrus, Willow, Acacia, Sidr, Pine and
Mountain) which were collected from different pasture areas. The level of glutathione,
malondialdehyde, activity of acid phosphatase, calcium, glucose, total protein and albumin
were measured.
The results showed a significant increase in the glutathione and calcium level and a
significant reduction in the malondialdehyde of dark honey samples (honey of forests, pine
and Black Bean) compared with other honey types. Honey with more acidity (Citrus and
Willow) showed a significant increase in acidic phosphatase compared with other samples.
The results also showed a significance increase in glucose level and a significant reduction
in the level of total protein and albumin for honey types (Acacia, Rosemary, Willow, Citrus
and Thyme) compared with other types (forests, Black Bean, Mountain, pine and Sidr).
In conclusion, honey varies in its components according to the variation in flowers
nectar and this leads to a variation in its biochemical components even in a low ratio. In
addition to the superiority of the dark honey type (forests, pine and Black Bean) in
antioxidants and food value comparison with other light-color honey samples (Citrus,
Willow, Acacia and Rosemary).

The research involves a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the
determination of hydroxyurea in aqueous solution by two steps. The first step depends on
the reduction of ferric ions by hydroxyurea to ferrous ions, and in the seconed step the later
reacts with potassium ferricyanide to form a stable prussian blue. This dye is soluble in
water and gives absorption maxima at 700 nm. Beer's law was obeyed over the range 1-100
μg of hydroxyurea per 20 ml (i.e 0.05 – 5 ppm) with a corresponding molar absorptivety of
2.4×1041.mol-1.cm-1, Sandell's sensitivity index of 0.0032μg cm-2 and average relative
standard deviation of ± 0.33%, depending on the concentration level, and the t-test value
comes to be (0.91) which is less than its table value( 2.361) at a confidence level of 95% for
8 degrees of freedom which applies credibility to the suggested method.
The method had been applied successfully to determination of hydroxyurea in capsule.

The aim of this research is to provide an explanation for the cosmic acceleration of a
derived model (flat model which contains both matter and dark energy (ΩNR + ΩDE = 1).
This model depends on two different models, one contains matter only ΩNR=1 while the
other contains dark energy ΩDE = 1. The derived model shows a good matching with theobserved data of supernovae type Ia. The relationships of the three models that link the
illumination distance and distance modulus were drawn against redshift for the given
observational data, which show that the flat universe is the closest to the observational data.
It turned out that the amount of the relative density of the dark energy ΩDE is larger than the
amount of the relative density of matter ΩNR. This result is considered as an explanation of
the cosmic acceleration due to the presence of dark energy

In this research, the effect of high pressure on silicon band structure has been studied,
the tight binding method has been used to calculate the silicon band structure. Following the
method used by Cohen to find the matrix elements. The effect of pressure has been
introduced to find the matrix element of silicon under different pressure. The results show
widening the energy gap and relegating the band up as the pressure increased.