Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences

The present research deals with both procedural justice and organizational
citizenship in comprehensive frame by building a cultural and field frame to
determine the effect of procedural justice in the organizational citizenship on
a sample of(employees ) in tikrit university in general the research tries to
answer the main questions :
What is the nature and kind of correlation and the effect between procedural
organizational and organizational citizenship in the companies under study?
The research has came out of asset of conclusions such as:
No significant correlation and influence between procedural organizational
and organizational citizenship .

his research is adisusition of the main reasons which makes
the political risk in the world . The risk does'nt allow the in vestments
to enter in to the country which needs it. So the research includes 30
thirty countries , tenof them are little in risk , the another ten countries
are medium in risk .The last ten countries are more in risk .There are
three groups of reasons which cause this risk , the first one is the
economice environment , the second is the relation ships between any
two countries , the third group is legal system which related to the
work in that country.
Those three groups are the factor and the in`vestment is the
dependent variable. The study has concluded many consequences.
As fellow :-
1- the group of legal procedures which are made by the state provent
entrance of the foreign investment, also the tax system, if it is used
wrongly it would prevent that . the study is ended with groups of
important recomentdations as fellow

This paper has represented the requirement of improving performance for
scientific leaders and its readiness to modern means and tools that is
"empowerment strategy" in the searched organization .
The study explained this strategy which is modern subject in the business
organizations and as a managerial philosophy aims by its basic
requirements to improve performance .
The field study explain that there is mutual effect between the
empowerment strategy and performance improvement . This apply the
usage of empowerment levels in the organization to be a positive tool in
buildings and developing scientific capabilities in it .

Conditions of competition has become recently global due to market division
and variety this led to additional efforts by the companies‘ management which
operate in those markets to offer new and innovative products to satisfy the
customers requirements of products offered by the company, In reaction to
those circumstances companies started focusing on the design stage for planning
and designing of products requested by customers within the target costs;
which is supposed to be representing the maximum allowable costs for those
products based on market data.
As such‚ it seems logical to develop the traditional cost accounting methods to
reach the best ways of the same purpose which is reducing costs to achieve the
target costs .
It was a strong motivation to move to the target cost style and system costs
based on the activities especially after the competition moved to the leadership
in reducing the cost .
Target cost limitation requires using tools complementary to the target cost
such using concepts of value (the value chain, value analysis and value
engineering) and style of the continuous improvement, in order to make the
target costs of production within the allowable costs.

This study sheds alight on the importance the role Just In Time Production system
interaction with Total Quality Management, to realization the company goals under
modern manufacturing environment.
This study aim to clearing complication between (JITP) & (TQM) through the
conjoint purposes & goals as zero defect, zero store….ect.
The study relied hypothesis assuming that using interrelation between (JITP) &
(TQM) as a modern direction may effect improvement the companies performance,
consequently gaining high competition particularity, besides that the search aim to
clearing what is (JITP) feature? (as a modern direction comparative with traditional
direction) & what is (TQM)? (as a modern direction comparative with traditional
direction), and creating the suitable relationship between them.
Through the theoretical study A group of conclusions were affined. The must
important of which were as follows:
The interrelation between (JITP) & (TQM) comes harmonious with modern
manufacturing environment, beside that transforming the companies from traditional
direction to modern directions.
Basing on the conclusion attained by the study, there are some of the important
recommendation:
Adopting interrelation between (JITP) & (TQM) push the company forward through
cost controlling & quality rising.

The economical factor has a big role and great effect on state relations in the
day word. This Factor contains of heap of different blocks. The study of these
different blocks in economic countries which lies in the province that Iraq one
of its countries will give to responsible sides a chance to build relations base on
studied decision, flexibility in treatment and knowing the reasons and its
results for any line from any country Iraq today is the key to reach to Arab
Culf with respect to Turkey, and it is formed a big market to Turkey products,
and a main road to Turkish Bilgrames and tourists .
The aim of this research is to study the actual number of tourists and money
that gain by tourism in Turkey through the period (1970 -2004) by building
the mathematical model and to forecast the number of tourists and tourism
gain in Turkey through the period (2009-2015).
To be benefit from The results of this Study in Iraq which will pass in a new
period of economical development and general rising