journal of kufa studies center

Ibn Sina is concerned with the investigations of propositions as one of the important logical topics, and he has identified a broad study of the proposition in the logic of healing, book B entitled "The Phrase" as well as in his logical writings, defining the course of the proposition as a link between the limit and the inference, and that the importance of this topic is not in Aristotle logic, but even in contemporary mathematical logic.
Because of the importance of this topic in logical studies and the great effort exerted by Ibn Sina through explanation, criticism and addition to Greek logic, and to reveal this effort, the topic was chosen in order to show the originality of the Islamic-Arab effort in logic.
This study determines its methodological choice, as it relies on the mechanism of the analytical method that we followed in determining the mechanism of the study.
As for the books on which I relied for Ibn Sina, they are: Healing, Salvation, Signs and Warnings, Eyes of Wisdom, and the Logic of the Orientalists.
My study consisted of an introduction, a preamble, and three demands, which included the first requirement: (the logical construction of the case) and the second demand: (the types of propositions), and we ended the research with a summary, sources, and references.

Language has been and still is one of the effective tools used by man in communicating between himself and his fellow human beings and conveying what he wants to convey to them, by using many of its different forms, which he is creative in using in order to persuade his recipient in an argumentative process in which he is forced to use what the recipient does not imagine of these techniques, as well as using them in understanding and understanding other interactive and interactive purposes among human beings. For this reason, the scholars were interested in it, and language was the main axis around which many studies were conducted in ancient and modern times.
The research will be concerned with the technique of necessity and its effectiveness in persuasion, in the book of reviews by Mr. Abdul-Hussein Sharaf Al-Din, and the research will start with the first topic in which it shows in a simplified way the limit of pilgrims and the growing interest in studying it, and then it moves on to the concept of necessity , and then the applications in the book of reviews, which are divided into two topics: The second topic represents the necessity according to Sheikh Salim al-Bishri, and then the third topic is the necessary according to Sayyid Sharaf al-Din, and then the conclusion of the research and the list of sources and references are mentioned.

This research aims to clarify one of the important topics that occupy the thinking of the Iraqi government, which is the development of non-profitable business organizations that are headed towards organizational collapse, by studying and analyzing the reality of the situation of a sample of business organizations operating in Najaf Governorate, so that this analysis reveals the organizations that suffer from problems that limit their achievement of profits. Therefore, our research seeks to answer the relationship between external and internal environmental indicators and organizational collapse by testing the validity of the main hypotheses set.
The hypothetical chart has been prepared in two stages: in the first the reality of the organizations is analyzed through a survey form (chek list) and in the second is the sorting of these organizations.
Based on the conclusions of the research, the most important of which are:
1- Through the evaluation of the reality of the situation, the researcher concluded that the Babylon tire factory needs a serious stand from the Ministry of Industry as well as the General Company for Rubber Industries to support it in the face of the organizational collapse, as indicated by the statistical figures and analyses derived from the questionnaire that was distributed to the workers in the said factory.
2- The researcher concluded an important fact, which is that the prospects for the development of the organization that is a candidate for organizational collapse, represented by the Babylon Tire Factory, require measures at the level of the internal environment (as far as financial resources, technology and modern management systems are concerned) and externally as far as the political and economic stability of the laboratory is concerned.
The study ended with a number of recommendations, the most important of which were:
- The necessity of continuing all scientific and practical activities that ultimately lead to the identification of different horizons for the development of the reality of business organizations in light of the state of neglect and deterioration of the economic sector in general.

The present study aims to find out the effect of the two strategies of emotional work represented by (superficial representation strategy and deep representation strategy) that the hospital administration has on the psychological exhaustion of the employees represented by (emotional exhaustion, feeling of low personal achievement, and feeling of low individual personality). In order to achieve the goal of the study, Diwaniya Teaching Hospital and Women and Children Teaching Hospital in Diwaniya Governorate were selected. The study relied on the questionnaire as the main tool to collect the necessary data to conduct this study and achieve the goals they aspire to. (336) questionnaires were distributed and (306) questionnaires were obtained that are valid for use. The study used a set of statistical methods, the most prominent of which are the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Spearman simple linear correlation coefficient, and simple and multiple regression coefficients. The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between the two strategies of emotional work and psychological exhaustion. The study also showed that there is a direct relationship between the two strategies of emotional work on psychological exhaustion. The study came out with a number of conclusions, perhaps the most prominent of which is the lack of the necessary knowledge by the hospital administration in order to advance the health reality that the governorate suffers from. In addition, the study came out with a set of recommendations, perhaps the most prominent of which is that the research sample should provide training programs aimed at educating and training its members to show real emotions in order to show the real emotions in order to comprehensively knowledge of human resources, as well as their lack of identifying the main indicators and requirements to achieve optimal performance and for the first time.

Since its inception, human masses have had a president who manages their affairs, and who has influence and rule over them, and this is due to the natural formation of man, and the feelings and feelings within this human soul that push the little one to respect the elder, submit to him, and obey his orders. Since its inception, the family has had a president who organizes its affairs, just as the tribe had a president who manages its affairs, as well as the various legal systems that govern the state - since its inception until now - stipulate that each state should have a president. In order to secure its system and ensure the smooth functioning of its affairs.
Given the importance of the position of the head of state in contemporary political systems, and because of the powers granted to him, the functions he performs, the responsibility he holds, and the factors influencing his selection, we have decided to study the position of the head of state in comparison with the head of state in the Islamic conception.
Hence, several problems arise related to the methods of selecting the head of state in contemporary constitutional systems and in the Islamic political system. Therefore, what are the conditions that must be met by the head of state in the political systems and in the Islamic political system, it is noted that states require several conditions in the candidate for the presidency of the state, including: nationality, enjoyment of civil and political rights, and attainment of a certain age. So, how did Islam view the conditions for assuming the position of head of state?
On the other hand, this study deals with the problem of election in the Islamic political system, and the comparison between pledge of allegiance in the Islamic concept and election in the contemporary political concept. The extent to which the conditions that must be met by the head of state are consistent in achieving the legal state, as well as the comparison between the powers of the president in political systems and in the Islamic conception, and also the comparison between the powers of the head of state in political systems and in the Islamic system. In this regard, the question arises as to how to disobey the president and who has the right to do so.
This study attempts to address these topics and examine these problems, with the aim of knowing the trends, opinions, and premises, according to the scientific method, with the help of scientific and academic sources.

With the difference of the jurisprudential incident, it had and still has a great destiny in the Islamic Sharia because it is the pillar of organizing the movement of the religious community in behavior and religion, which prompts the legends of art to study and research in the fields of Sharia sciences and the ijtihad movement in particular, and after the succession of generations and the difference of topics in the movement of time and space in light of the changes, the incident began to expand in its jurisprudential development, which required the jurists to set controls for the movement of the incident within the circle of legislation, and this has contributed effectively to the The process of jurisprudential reasoning in the legislation of the rulings and the requirements of each age, and this is reflected in the creativity of the masters of art in his approach to this science through division, classification and distribution.

The urban fabric is the mirror and document that reflects the interaction of man with the environment within a specific place and time, and this interaction results in urban formations of spaces in which man practices his daily activities, whether these spaces are internal represented by building blocks or external spaces represented by open spaces of various kinds. The research sought to clarify the holistic vision of the importance of these two environments by relying on an analytical and investigative approach that ensures a return to the roots of the urban fabric represented by the Sumerian period of the Mesopotamian civilization, which resulted from the Man's interaction with the environment and the attempt to benefit from it, as it is the mirror and collective memory within space, time, birth, and catalyst for development and future vision, and the fact that this period has established the first nucleus in human civilization. Therefore, the role played by cultural and natural environment factors in shaping the urban fabric of the cities of this civilization will be discussed as a case study and analysis to test the importance of these two environments. The research concluded that emphasizing the importance of the cultural and natural environment does not mean restoring the heritage through reference to the traditional fabric, but rather from the study and analysis of the urban systems and treatments of the traditional urban fabric resulting from the interaction of human beings with the environment through their perception and benefit from them in the development of urban fabric systems and treatments through the use of modern technology data and advanced scientific programs in order to re-evaluate and develop the structure of the urban fabric, which generates a renewed and contemporary vision of it that enhances the values of identity and privacy Local and strengthen the insistence of belonging within space and time .

This study aims to provide a future vision for the establishment of sovereign wealth funds that support the general budget and to develop the performance of the Iraqi economy, and the study was based on the hypothesis that "sovereign wealth funds contribute to supporting the general budget of the country by absorbing oil surpluses when prices rise and preventing the expansion of public spending, and they also work to support the public budget in the event of oil shocks and low prices, especially in rentier countries, including Iraq, if they are established in it." The most important findings of the study are the worsening and continuous deficit of the public budget and the lack of rationalization in the use of oil surpluses in times of surplus, but rather their rotation to later years, which resulted in explosive budgets and the arrears of the In light of the above results, the study recommended the need to accelerate the legislation of the proposed Mesopotamian Fund Law, which should define the powers and responsibilities of the various authorities responsible for financing, managing and implementing the Fund's investment strategies by transferring the financial surpluses achieved from the difference between the estimated price in the General Budget Law and the actual price to the Fund's account, to ensure the continuation of financing the general budget expenditures in the event of a fall in oil prices, even in the short term.

Today's organizations seek to survive and grow, especially in light of globalization, openness to markets, intense competition and rapid change in consumer tastes, to develop or change their production systems in line with contemporary systems, so the Lean Six Sigma style is one of the methods used by organizations, as it leads to better improvement of their competitive position by improving the performance of operations, achieving efficiency in the use of their resources, reducing production costs, and thus the ability to compete with similar goods. The study aims to In order to achieve this goal, some Lean Six Sigma tools were used in addition to some computerized programs to come up with results on which a number of conclusions and recommendations were based.

Since the emergence of the concept of space industry in the 1990s, the concept has been gaining increasing interest by those interested in and working in the field of city planning, and this concept represented an important shift in planning thought in the developed world, as it focuses on creating spaces that are suitable for people and meet their needs, while modern urban planning focuses on the planning of buildings and infrastructures, which represented a major shift in the urban planning process. Space-making projects have become an important part of city planning, and various entities have emerged. Organizations, companies or consulting offices interested in the planning field that have adopted the concept of place industry in many parts of the world.
In contrast to this great global interest in the concept of place making, there is a major cognitive deficiency in the concept of place industry and its types, which represented the research problem, and the research hypothesis came which believes that choosing the type of place industry depends on the context in which it is located, and the research goal was to build a general knowledge framework about the concept of place making and its types.

The research aims to identify the strategic options and their impact on improving the local performance of the local administration in Diyala Governorate, which is the research organization in order to improve its local performance administratively and service-wise, the purpose of the research is to identify the best available and applicable strategic options after being studied by specialists and stakeholders that play a role in improving the performance of the local administration, while the importance of the research is an opportunity to explore the reality of the situation of the researched organization through a case study and to allow other researches to include the same topic in the departments The researcher used the questionnaire form as the main tool to collect research data, and (140) forms were distributed to the employees working in the governorate office out of the research community of (220) employees, where they were selected because they are experienced and specialized, and (140) valid forms for statistical analysis were received, with a retribution rate of (100%), and the researcher used the statistical program SPSS. The researcher has reached a number of conclusions, most notably the simplification of administrative procedures, which may contribute to the completion of administrative tasks faster, thus leading to saving time, effort, and costs, and eliminating red tape.

The importance of spatial development stems from the fact that it is a process that seeks to improve the general level of population communities economically and socially, as well as is concerned with the conservation of natural resources through the most appropriate use of those available resources in a balanced framework within a sustainable environment.
Research Problem :
Has the process of spatial development of the region (Najaf province) been achieved in a balanced manner, and has the development potential been invested in it in an appropriate planning manner ?
Research Objective :
The research aims to diagnose the development potential in the study area to identify the reality of the situation and clarify the extent of its adaptability through its development and reorganization spatially, to identify the available directions for development in it, to identify future development needs and propose solutions to them through appropriate development means and policies, and to try to prepare a future map
for the development and development of the region.
Research Hypothesis:
The region of (Najaf Governorate) has various natural and human resources (population and economy) that can be invested to achieve balanced spatial development through the adoption of mechanisms for the determination of regions for (regional) development purposes and in accordance with appropriate development policies.
Methodology :
The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted in accordance with the nature of the objective of the study in order to extrapolate all the factors affecting the spatial development in the study area by collecting library and field data and information for natural, human-economic and population development resources and potentials, and using statistical planning methods to give a clear picture and a diagnostic view of the main and secondary factors (development potentials) of the secondary regions (districts) of the main region (Najaf Governorate). Setting planning directions to reach balanced spatial development.

The current research is concerned with discovering the extent to which business organizations practice creative strategic initiatives in tearing down negative phenomena in the business environment according to the organizational logic of contemporary business and activating the contemporary leadership style of business organizations according to their modern models (developmental, consequential, integrative, personal), as the style is chosen according to the intellectual and cultural background of the leader, which is the responsibility of the senior management.
The researcher identified the research problem with the question that emphasizes the extent and possibility of benefiting from fragmentary creativity in our local institutions and what is its role in getting rid of routine obstacles that increase organizational complexity to reach high performance, and the research aimed at several objectives, including (analyzing and exploring the reality of the strategic initiative in the commercial sector in Basra as a model, diagnosing the relative importance of the components of the strategic initiative in the commercial sector environment, analyzing the level of perception of the issue of fragmentation creativity and adventure through international and local alliances, analysis and diagnosis. The Impact of the Strategic Initiative on the Diagnosis of Indicators of Split Creativity), where the researcher adopted the method of intentional sampling, which included a sample of leaders in some of the modern business organizations of Basra, namely Al-Mada and Al-Tayfar Commercial Company, amounting to (25) individuals out of a total of (35) individuals and (71%). Descriptive tests and non-parametric inferential tests will be conducted, the aim of which is to test the correlation and impact relationships between the variables of the fragmentary creativity strategy and investment risk (adventure).

Disguise is a unique and important condition in the life of living beings, especially humans, where the creature appears in another form or form that is unusual and familiar to him, and therefore what distinguishes this phenomenon is its communicative dimension represented in making the body and general appearance an effective tool in delivering the studied and approved communicative messages in order to achieve the goals that are achieved based on the actual truth.
Due to the justifications and objectives of the study, this research has tried to shed light on an important phenomenon in the Islamic society at the time, namely disguise in the Fatimid era
The nature of the research required dividing it into an introduction, three topics and a focused conclusion, so in the first topic, it dealt with the concept of disguise in the Arabic language and wrote the idiom through a set of concepts that dealt with this term, and then moved on to the historical roots of disguise through specific models of examples.
The second topic tried to focus on the types of disguise in the Fatimid era by relying on the various literature that dealt with it, namely criminal, professional, recreational and forced disguise .
The third topic came about the forms of disguise and its arts through a set of important methods, including disguise through physical appearance, through clothing and costumes, and by disappearing and changing places.

Caves abound in mountainous areas, where natural factors have combined to form them, and man has benefited from their natural existence by resorting to them to protect himself from the enemy and the harshness of the natural environment, especially in the Paleolithic Ages.
The series of caves of Al-Tar is one of the important archaeological sites of the holy province of Karbala - the district of Ain al-Tamr, as it is located in plot number (3) of the province (61 / Al-Jazira) and its antiquities were declared in 4/3/1957 and it is not registered in the directory of archaeological sites in Iraq for the year 1970 and the site was published in the Iraqi newspaper Al-Waqa'i within the issue (3987) on 1/1/2004 and based on the first item of Article 5 of the Antiquities and Heritage Law No. 55 of 2002 AD. The Japanese archaeological expedition headed by Professor Hideo Fuji said that the history of the Tar Caves went through three phases, the first phase in (1300 BC), the second phase in the Parthian or Parthian era (148 BC – 126 BC), and the third phase in the Islamic era (636 BC).
The research will trace the activity of the ancient man who first appeared in this spot of the holy province of Karbala in the (Al-Tar area), namely the Paleolithic man, and in light of this, it was divided into three topics, the first topic dealt with the origin of caves, their environment, types and distribution in Iraq and the world, while the second topic dealt with the geography of the archaeological site of the Al-Tar cave series and the most important archaeological sites in the entire Al-Tar region, while the third topic was specialized in the scientific investigations and excavations that were conducted at the site of the series The caves of Al-Tar and the most important monuments that these excavations produced, and the research concluded with conclusions reached during the study.

The research aimed to show the extent of the impact of organizational silence with its three dimensions (acquiescence silence, defensive silence, and social silence) on the behavior of organizational citizenship with its five dimensions (altruism, civility, sportsmanship, awareness of conscience, and civilized behavior) and the Technical Institute / Kufa was selected as a field of research according to the method of an analytical study, including the selection of the research sample, which was represented by a group of technical workers at the Technical Institute / Kufa, which amounted to (101), and the research hypotheses were tested by a set of statistical methods. Through relying on the SPSS program, the questionnaire was used as a main tool to collect the necessary data and information from the research sample, and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant inverse effect relationship between the dimensions of organizational silence (acquiescence silence, defensive silence and social silence) and organizational citizenship behavior, and this confirms the possibility of adopting the technical institute / Kufa research sample dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior and seeking to encourage employees and raise their morale, which has an impact on The research concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need for the senior management to give the employees the opportunity to express their opinions, submit their suggestions and participate in decision-making with the existence of an open dialogue formula because the study found that the lack of support of the Deanship of the Institute in discussing the opinions and suggestions of its affiliates was one of the variables that has its repercussions in achieving organizational silence.

Philosophical literature is one of the literary works that are imbued with philosophical ideas that are extensive in aesthetic images, which deal with the principles, ideas, and values with which philosophy operates in an aesthetic literary treatment that gives flexibility, acceptance, enjoyment and influence of the recipient, and escape the constraints of direct rationality and dry logical theorizing.
This study came to reveal the importance of such literary works and re-read them, to explore the creativity of the writer in employing literature to present philosophical opinions, leaving the recipient to face a world of meanings, symbols and signs that can be easily projected onto reality so that he can generate some conviction or a critical view of his surroundings with a deeper awareness. On the other hand, it is an attempt to open the door to the criticism of literary works and to re-read them with reflection without limiting it to specific writers, because any literary work is not devoid of logical meaning .
There is no doubt that the literary arts, especially the theatrical art, are among the human products rooted in the surrounding reality, so the template remains the most capable of absorbing ideas and mental opinions .
This was true in the play "People of the Cave" by Tawfiq al-Hakim, as it was a model characterized by the depth of its intellectual content and the quality of its artistic construction, which the writer presented in the pages of his play, leaving the mind of the recipient the pleasure of contemplation.

It is not hidden to scholars and those working in the sciences of Sharia the importance of the science of fundamentals and its status, as it clarifies the foundations on which the process of deriving legal rulings proceeds, especially that it is characterized by two aspects:
The first of them is a science that is related to scientific facts and acquires a theoretical mental character .
The other is that it links it to the practical reality with all the details that need to be explained in its provisions, taking into account the transformations that occur in it and the developments that occur to it.
This has made the science of usul according to those who say that the door of ijtihad is open to a science that can be reconsidered and reformulated according to authentic roots, and perhaps this has made the later scholars of our scholars refer to its philosophical foundations in analyzing the issue in order to know its reality and then judge it. Perhaps the issue of the convergence of command and prohibition in one place is one of those issues in which philosophizing has gone into the field between the title calling for the multiplicity of titles, which is related to the ruling, because it is the external entity.It is a compound of a joint-structure, and between those who believe that the multiplicity of titles does not necessitate the multiplicity of titles, and the existing one is in fact one, and the composition in which it occurs is a federal structure, and if the existing one is one, it is impossible for an order and a prohibition to come together, and both statements have evidence that has been reviewed by the research and the scientific and practical fruits that it consequents.

Visual Enthusiasm: One of the works of the seventh century AH, compiled by Abu al-Hasan, Sadr al-Din ibn al-Hasan al-Basri, and gave it his nickname to be known and distinguished from others.
There is nothing new in visual enthusiasm in terms of material and classification. Its doors reached 12 chapters containing 6,000 verses of about 500 poets, presented by a comprehensive sermon that showed the virtue of choice, in which Al-Basri followed the approach of Abu Tamam, and added three chapters to it: the chapter on the lies and superstitions of poets, the chapter on the salt of refinement, and the chapter on asceticism and deputy. It was published in India in 1964.
In this study, we will look at the combinations of compositional methods of both types: experimental and structural, and identify the method used in formulating them .

The problem of transportation is an important mathematical method in the process of making the appropriate decision to move a quantity of goods from their sources of manufacture to their centers of demand at the lowest possible cost.
In this research, a model of the transportation problem was presented, and this model was solved using the exponential method to find the optimal solution to the transportation problem, and this method is considered one of the modern and important methods for economic and service decision-makers for production facilities, and for the purpose of comparing the results using the (WIN) program. QSB), and the exponential method was applied to solve the problem of transporting the black oil product from the warehouses to the governorates requesting the product (Al-Wasat Refineries), and good results were reached in reducing the transportation costs, and after applying the exponential method, it came at a total cost of (113225) dinars, while the results of the linear programming solution method amounted to (111075) dinars.