AL-ADAB JOURNAL

The semiotics of passions studies the feelings and emotions related to the human’s self within texts and narrative discourses. It also studies the negative and positive human emotions related to the body, in order to obtain the meaning and content by reading the structural and semantic components superficially and deeply, through analysis and interpretation. By questioning the form of content, and determining the method or process by which meaning is constructed and shaped by drawing correspondences and differences. This research aims to study the fictional text and monitor its erotic essence, and then identify its purposes and analyze them to move from the superficial structure to a deeper one. It also reveals the procedural tools used in analyzing the desires semiotically, and analyzes the effect of their formation and the way they interact with the body. This is done throughanalyzing the lexical manifestations, semantic fields, and the semiotic semiotic square, in addition to studying the passions using the erotic chart, which provides an analysis of the passions through five stages that include emotional exposure, preparation, the erotic axis, emotion, and moral evaluation. The research concludes with results that reveal the passions controlling the erotic self in the novel, and the extent of their influence on the character’s emotions and their role in the novel. It is represented by the desire for death, which is the main desire, and it is the primary driver of the events of the novel, as the characters react to the desire for death with acceptance, resistance, or fear. In addition to the passion of hope, which was studied through its opposite, disappointment, to conclude the extent of its role in the compulsive self’s resistance to the surrounding circumstances. Reaching the conclusion of the beginning of the formation of these passions and what they led to in their final form.

This research is concerned with the efforts of a non-Arab scholar of Arabic who has given their evidence in the language of the best books of God. It is a research devoted to Al-Farahi’s responses regarding grammatical methods, clarifying the audacity of a foreigner of non-Arab origin to criticize many of the decisions of Arab lexico-graphers morphologists and grammarians both early and late alike. He made his statement with great linguistic power and mastery. In this research, I detailed his responses on methods from his responses on grammatical issues, because the methods to which cited Al-Farahi’s responses were not allocated to independent sections in the well-known ancient grammar works, as were the issues of grammar.I decided to start with the theme of submitting and delay, because it does not involve a shortage or an increase, but rather it includes all the elements of composition, but with an advance and a delay in them, then I took the axis of deletion and addition; Because his examples are surrounded by deficiency or addition and do not remain in their original state, then I concluded with the axis of the oath ; Because it is a method that can only be constructive, while the examples of the first two axes can be declarative or can be composed , and that was the case It was presented in a way that can only be composed.

Abstract:
Hunting and pursuit trips arose for reasons such as self-defence, food pursuit, or entertainment. If we attribute it to self-defence or seeking food, we must trace its origins back to ancient times as old as man himself. As for what is related to entertainment and pleasure, it resulted from man’s culture and his social and psychological stability which gave birth to his love of practicing pursuit far from motives. The picture of pursuit constitutes a painting within the multi-themed pre-Islamic poem, and this was the case until the end of the Ummayad era and the beginning of the Abbasid one when it witnessed its independence in Arajees known as Pursuit Poems to be a new art that joins the art of Arabic poetry and a special characteristic for the Abbasid era which witnessed luxury and wealth for the private and the public. That enabled them to spend on this art for the sake of pleasure and entertainment. This topic consists of studying the scenes of hunting and pursuit documented by the Abbasid poet, analyzing them and exploiting their rhetorical connotation represented by thematic images and roles.

The phenomenon of substitution is common in modern linguistic studies within two tracks: The first is in distribution (structuralism), and the second is in substitution and its role in textual coherence as there are many studies on this phenomenon in modern linguistics. Studies have examined some aspects of substitution in Arabic grammar. There are topics in the Arabic language about substitution that need further research, to reveal our ancient scholars' awareness of substitutional aspects in linguistic structures. In this research, we attempt to explain the originality of this phenomenon in grammar using many terms and revealing the aspects of the phenomenon in the theory of Arabic grammar, although substitution seems to be a modern linguistic phenomenon? What terms fall under substitution in Arabic grammar? How common is it in ancient linguistic studies? The research seeks to answer the following questions: Is substitution a modern linguistic phenomenon or a traditional phenomenon? The research followed the descriptive approach by tracking the manifestations of substitution and its terms in Arabic grammar. Classifying and analyzing them to arrive at answers to the research questions, it will be for the statistical method Contribution to the study methodology within the limits of the research.

This research aims to highlight the features of syntactic cohesion in legal texts, using the Penal Code of the United Arab Emirates (Law of Crimes and Punishments) as a practical example for study. We focused on uncovering the manifestations of syntactic cohesion in this study by examining the structural relationships between sentences and the consistency that binds them together, demonstrating the legal text\'s coherence at the structural level. The sentences in the text are composed of a collection of words that guide us to the legal meaning, with the purpose of these words not being their individual meanings, but rather their organization, so they interconnect and interact to convey a unified semantic meaning, which is the fundamental purpose of legislation. Through this study, we will attempt to explore the significance of structural relationships in achieving overall cohesion in the legal texts (articles) of the corpus, such as predicative linking, additive linking, conditional linking, and referential linking.

This research aims to present various aspects of Abdul Karim Alaka’s life in the economic, social, political and humanitarian fields and to highlight his role and effective participation in the political and administrative fields, and with that present the social relations between the Kurds and the religious and ethnic sects in the city of Sulaymaniyah. The reason for choosing this research is not to conduct research on the stages of Abdel Karim Alaka’s life and his role as Minister of Finance in Sheikh Mahmoud’s second government. The historical and analytical approach was used to conduct this research. However, I tried to rely on competent sources and analyze situations and events as necessary. This research reached several conclusions, including that peace and peaceful coexistence are the characteristics of the people of Sulaymaniyah, and that religious and ethnic differences were not a problem and a reason for the marginalization of personalities and the emergence of conflicts and unwanted events. At the same time, we concluded that the Christians of Sulaymaniyah were present from the founding of the city until the outbreak of World War I. There were six families in the city, including the family of Abdul Karim Alaka. On the other hand, this research proved that Abdul Karim Alaka had a lovable, kind, and humane personality, and he devoted his wealth as much as he could to serving the poor.

The early Abbasid era was one of the most prosperous periods in Islamic history, marked by remarkable progress in culture and civilization. This era immortalized significant scientific and historical achievements. The Abbasid caliphs relied on specific individuals for military activity services, as this allocation required specific military skills and competencies that were inaccessible to an average civilian. Isa ibn Musa played a major military role in the foundation of the first Abbasid state. This study aims to shed light on the life of Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi, who demonstrated administrative efficiency and political aptitude during the early Abbasid state, covering the period 132-160 AH / 750-776 AD. Isa ibn Musa left behind great accomplishments in both administrative and military fields, whereas my main focus point in this study is on his military contributions and achievements. He was known as the knight of the Abbasids and their unsheathed sword. He was appointed as the crown prince by Al-Mansur and played a crucial role in securing the early Abbasid state's prosperity. Isa ibn Musa's significant military achievements included his efforts to suppress the early revolutionary movements initiated by the Zaydi Shiites, the sons of Abdullah ibn Hasan, who sought to overthrow the Abbasid state, believing themselves to be more worthy of leading the Muslim community. Isa defeated them, resulting in their deaths, and through his efforts, the Abbasid state was consolidated.

The journeys of Barbosa and Takhisira to the Arabian Gulf are among the most prominent journeys that documented its economic conditions and described many of its regions. In this comparative study, we explain the differences between Barbosa's journey and Takhisira's journeys, the similar elements, how each of them addressed the reality of the Arabian Gulf, their skills, the activities they carried out in the Gulf, their travel routes, and whether it aligns with their motives or not. The study concluded a set of results that showed that Al-Takhisira was more accurate than Barbosa in many points, while unlike Barbosa, he ignored many of the areas he passed through. Thus, their writings differ from each other despite Barbosa's attempt to write about everything he heard about the regions of the Gulf.

This paper aims to identify the reality of the relationship between rhetoric and creative thinking, in that the rhetoric material represents the process of building the human personality through the formulation of standards and scales that help the person to measure the level of
This study examined the impact of oil on the emergence of regional conflict in the Arabian Gulf, using the Buraimi Crisis (1946-1974) as a case study. The study sought to highlight oil's pivotal role in fueling the conflict between regional and international powers over the strategically and economically important Buraimi Oasis. The study adopted a historical approach, examining sources and historical documents related to the crisis. The study concluded that the discovery of oil in Buraimi transformed it into a focal point of conflict, as Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Abu Dhabi sought to assert control over it, with the support of international powers such as Great Britain. The study also highlighted the role played by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan in peacefully resolving the crisis through his intensive diplomatic efforts. The study concluded that oil was a critical factor in the emergence of regional conflict in the Gulf region and emphasized the importance of diplomacy and dialogue in resolving disputes.

The research discusses one of the most important historical eras witnessed by the Meliha region, affiliated to the Emirate of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates, which is the pre-Islamic era, as Meliha witnessed five different eras over a period of approximately 130 thousand years: the Paleolithic Age, the Neolithic Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. Finally, the last era of the pre-Islamic period, which is considered a distinctive period in the history of Meliha, as archaeological discoveries have shown that Meliha was able during that period to form a strong, independent, sovereign kingdom with its own center, political authority, and strong commercial relations with most of the trade centers in the Arabian Peninsula. Its relations even extended to reach the Roman Empire and the Greek islands, and it had its own currency, which was minted there. Like other kingdoms of the Arabian trade basin and the Arabian Peninsula, Meliha was influenced by the religions, beliefs and ideas that were prevalent in the region during the third and fourth centuries BC. This can be clearly seen through the religions embraced by the inhabitants of Meliha, the deities they sanctified and their impact on aspects of their religious life, their burial rituals for their dead and the style of construction of their graves. The research also discusses the most important aspects of political, social and economic life in Meliha during that period, which could be identified through the coins, utensils, weapons, buildings and others left behind by its inhabitants.

The research is an attempt to shed light on the oldest Assyrian irrigation canal dating back to the Middle Assyrian era, specifically to the time of the reign of King Tukulti Ninurta I (1244-1208 BC), who dug it to irrigate the plain lands opposite the city of Assyria on the left side of the Tigris River, which is known to geographers nowadays as - “Makhmur Plain”, as well as irrigating the lands surrounding his new city of Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta and turning them into green meadows. This study relied on two important sources, the first on the cuneiform writings left by the king, especially those that talk about the founding of the city, as they always touch on the irrigation canal and the role of the king in constructing that canal, and that that canal is an important source for offering sacrifices from the revenues of that canal, especially since it turned barren lands into fields. It is irrigated and grows all kinds of crops, in addition to fish caught from the canal. The second source includes archaeological surveys and field surveys, including satellite images, in order to search and investigate the remains of that canal, which the locals currently call the Abbasid River, and an attempt to trace its path despite the passage of thousands of years since it was mentioned in the king’s writings, and to find out the possibility of matching it with what is mentioned in the cuneiform text.

Abstract: The development of the historic area has led to great concern for all those interested in preserving heritage and urban identity, as the heritage area is being expanded by creating and building modern projects and buildings next to it without resorting to detailed and unified laws or legislation that are clear to all concerned stakeholders. This study addressed the problem of “there are no detailed laws or rules specifying the building system for modern buildings adjacent to old buildings (historic areas) and there are no adequate regulations or studies that limit the rapid development in the archaeological area. Consequently, this resulted in a lack of harmony between the planning of Sharjah city. And there is no sufficient harmony at a high level in the historical urban landscape of Al Shuwaiheen.” This study thesis addressed the development of detailed guidelines by the scientific output of the relevant stakeholders and from neighboring case studies. Recommendations and a plan were developed to raise the level of harmony and balance between the planning and development of the city of Sharjah and the preservation and management of archaeological sites, specifically in the Al-Shuwaihyan historical and artistic area as a case study, and to reduce... Random and ill-considered projects that deviate from the prevailing urban fabric in the region in their design. In addition, a comparison table was made in the indicative regulations between one emirate and another, between the UAE and an Arab country, and finally between the regulations of the UAE and European countries.

Abstract:
This study highlights the impact of inscribing archaeological sites in Al-Ain, UAE, on the World Heritage List. Focusing particularly on the Al-Ain Oasis as a case study, it aims to demonstrate the significant improvements that have occurred at the site in various areas, including protection, preservation, and the development of the oasis as a cultural tourism destination. The study discusses the role of key partners in managing these sites, detailing their roles and responsibilities and how the local community has been integrated as an active part of the management system. The study details the methods employed in the management and maintenance of Al-Ain archaeological sites, noting the challenges faced and the strategies adopted to overcome them and emphasizing the importance of teamwork and ongoing collaboration between government entities and the local community. The study highlights the positive transformations that the historical sites in Al-Ain have undergone following their inscription on the World Heritage List, demonstrating how this has enhanced local identity and improved the infrastructure of the sites, leading to economic opportunities and encouraging tourism. Inscription on the World Heritage List was a pivotal step in bolstering efforts to preserve cultural and natural heritage, as it helped raise awareness and improve the efforts directed toward the conservation of these sites. The study also highlights how legislation, laws, and control mechanisms have been established to strengthen the efforts to protect the sites from potential threats. It shows how several historical buildings have been repurposed and developed as cultural destinations that serve the local community and highlight the exceptional value of the sites. The study provides detailed recommendations aimed at improving the strategies for preserving world heritage and promoting sustainable cultural and tourist development in Al-Ain. It emphasizes the importance of continuous investment in cultural and natural heritage and the need to adopt a comprehensive approach that includes all stakeholders to ensure a prosperous future for the management of cultural sites. Thus, the study contributes to enriching knowledge about world heritage protection and provides a valuable framework for advancing cultural and tourism development.

This article seeks to establish a new Arabic philosophy: the philosophy of the dual. The goal is not linguistic. There are many linguistic studies on the dual. Rather, it is purely philosophical, beginning with defining this philosophy by reconsidering the origin, moving it from the singular to the dual. This new qualitative shift, which can only happen in a language that values and adopts the dual, gives philosophical thought a distinctive start that opens many doors, some of which are unexpected. It then becomes clear that the singular and the plural must be referred back to the dual. So do time and place – and difference and distance along with them – where neither is superior to the other and they are not separated. The dual also appears, through the successive division it requires, as leading to a ‘ahd (event-epoch) in which man exists in a time and a place, in order to open up to another ‘ahd and to the Other in general in everything that defines such Other in his/her diverse and different affiliations. Man himself appears, in the core of his existence and his recognition of himself, as dual, and from this comes a new composition for the concept of death – death as being-towards-death and as being-after-death, and even death in this life and-after-this-life, with what accompanies such determination, i.e. forms of anxiety, mystery and longing. With the philosophy of the dual, we go beyond archè – any possible overarching principle – as we demonstrate by applying its new approach to Kant’s philosophy, specifically to the categories of the faculty of understanding. The article ends with a call to expand on this philosophy, and promises future studies that address its various aspects.

The Frankfurt School is one of the most prominent contemporary Western philosophical schools that has spread. Because of its pioneers who influenced the school’s philosophical production throughout its three generations. The importance of researching the intellectual origins of this school lies in the fact that it constituted an important turning point in the path of contemporary European thought, as it had a great and effective impact in formulating a critical theory that deals with sociology, philosophy, politics, and culture as overlapping and intertwined dimensions in the process of forming and studying social theories and cognitive and civilizational horizons. Which accompanied the developments and transformations witnessed by European society in the fields of economics and politics. The fame that the Frankfurt School gained, and the widespread of its ideas and their influence on Western intellectual and philosophical production, prompts the following question: What are the intellectual origins from which this school derived its fame and spread? The research assumes that there is a relationship of influence between the philosophies that were prevalent at the beginning of the emergence of the Frankfurt School, and its three generations are only a reflection of what those who assumed the leadership of this school believed in them and the ideas that dominated or influenced the trends that were subject to research, scrutiny and criticism. The most prominent findings reached by the two researchers are: The pioneers of the Frankfurt School from the first generation were influenced by the concepts of psychology and the results of its research, and employed them in their various studies. We find in the writings of these pioneers indications that the texts of the joint authorship of Horkheimer and Adorno (The Dialectic of Enlightenment) demonstrate the presence of the Freudian spectrum. In the thought of the pioneers of the Frankfurt Critical School.

Taha Abdel Rahman set out in his vision to treat the phenomenon of violence from the Islamic religion, depending on non-violence methods as it is the best way to reduce the severity of the spread of violence and the most profound treatment in Arab Islamic societies, which includes a culture of dialogue and debate in the best way, acceptance of different other, and scientific wisdom, in addition to his focus on an important issue, which is the issue of entrusting the trust and responsibility to man by God Almighty, as he wanted to remind the Muslim man that he is entrusted with everything in life. When the fiduciary thought is established, violence will be reduced to the narrowest possible circle. The goal of Taha Abdel Rahman is to destroy the values of Western modernity, considering them a scourge that threatens the human mind in general and the Arab Islamic mind in special , as it drags the Muslim person into imitation and subjection to the West and spreads a culture of violence, but in hidden ways, and this is what does not accept Taha Abdel Rahman, who called for all his research to renew and create Arab-Islamic modernity, this tasks, according to Taha Abdel Rahman, is one of the tasks of the intellectual who is in opposition to Western modernity, which separates religion from other life affairs

The current research aims to investigate the effect of the "strange object" strategy on the achievement of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of "History of Arab Islamic Civilization." The research sample consisted of (62) students after excluding students who had failed at Al-Safa Secondary School for Boys, Baghdad, Al-Rusafa 1. In light of the results of ongoing research, the use of the "strange object" strategy in the achievement of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of "History of Arab Islamic Civilization" leads to a more productive, effective, and active learning process, leading to better academic achievement.

The research aims to identify the quality of work life and its impact on enhancing organizational commitment among school physical education teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The research sample was selected randomly, consisting of (79) male and female school physical education teachers at the Ministry of Education in the Sultanate of Oman. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to the research sample members. The most important results were the existence of significant differences in the elements of quality of work life (participation in decision-making - social relations - safety and occupational health in the work environment - job stability and security, promotion and career advancement). There is a direct relationship between the level of quality of work life and the level of organizational commitment among school physical education teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The study recommends working on enhancing the concept of organizational commitment by the Ministry of Education by providing incentives and job benefits for school physical education teachers, as well as through seminars and workshops, providing a work environment characterized by trust and security between managers and teachers within the school field.

Abstract:
This study aimed to identify the extent of teachers' Familiarity of Irlen Syndrome and its relationship to their use of specialized strategies in teaching reading skill. The study sample consisted of (67) male and female teachers in different educational stages. The sample included (12 males, 55 females), with an average age of 39.4, and a standard deviation of 0.87. They were selected randomly. The study used the descriptive correlational approach for its suitability to the study purposes. The study tools consisted of two questionnaires (prepared by the researchers), namely (a questionnaire measuring teachers' knowledge of Irlen Syndrome, and a questionnaire on teachers' use of specialized strategies in teaching reading). The results of the study regarding the questionnaire of teachers' knowledge of Irlen syndrome showed a low level for the two dimensions (the dimension of teachers' knowledge of Irlen syndrome, and the dimension of diagnosis and symptoms), and for the questionnaire as a whole, the value of (t) is not statistically significant, and the level is average in general. The results of the study also indicated that teachers' use of reading difficulties strategies in general ranged between a large and very large level, and there is a direct correlation between the degree of teachers' knowledge of Irlen syndrome and their use of reading teaching strategies with these students. There are also no statistically significant differences in the study variables attributed to the difference in the demographic variables of the sample (such as gender, age, educational stage, experience, training courses, qualification).

The study mainly aims to reveal the positive and negative aspects of conducting field geomorphological studies in the mountainous areas of the Kurdistan Region in accordance with the specificity of the natural and human geographical factors associated with it, as well as the definition of the geomorphological field study in general because it is one of the most important sources of collecting information and data in geomorphological studies and that it is in no way indispensable in any geomorphological study, researching its development, showing its types and special means, explaining its stages and shedding light on its most important problems in general. The study assumed that field studies are one of the most important sources of information in geomorphology as they provide an opportunity for direct contact with the phenomenon so that no other means can surpass it, and that the Kurdistan Region is characterized by natural characteristics (geomorphological, climatic, geological and biological...Etc.) and human (ethnographic, political, security, administrative and social...etc.) should be taken into account. One of the most important means of work in this study was the analysis based on the previous experience of the researcher, in addition to the use of previous studies representing the outcome of the efforts of valuable former researchers.And that the most important conclusion of the study is that there is a great lack of means, equipment and expertise regarding the field study in the mountainous areas of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq as well as in Iraq as a whole and that to conduct it positive and negative aspects and that the security problems are one of the most important negatives, and that the most important recommendation of the study is to work to solve the aforementioned problems.

The research dealt with architectural styles and their impact on the building’s residents in light of technological development, especially after the events of 2003 AD.The planning and urban studies paid great attention and direction in the study of the city’s architecture and its urban style, and one of the most famous features of civilization stands out, which is any country, and from us I do not doubt that the styles of architecture have a fragrant personality and a distinct personality, but we notice a clear clarity between what is between thought as a personality, which is the city and between Its modern architecture, as the Karbala architecture entered a new phase, as is the case of any other architecture, as a result of variations, including the blind expectation of everything that is new and modern in the building without returning to contact with the thought of architecture and its civilizational characteristics and its connection with the next general thought, and abandoning our heritage and culture and walking and immersion under the name of globalization and development thus, we become without an identity or heritage which led to the emergence of extraneous architecture styles that do not agree and master with architecture. The city is urban, and then it became a mere transfer to the production of these modern technologies without trying purely in favor of the existence of a kind of tampering and clearly visible visual distortion on the city’s urbanization and its morphological witness. This requires drawing up a special policy for organizing buildings in accordance with applicable urban legislation and in a way that achieves prospects for foreseeable urban development.

The current research aimed to shed light on the issue of neighbourhood gang violence in the city, which is increasing day by day. The current research has addressed many important points related to the research topic, as follows: the right to the city, sociology in the face of deviance and crime, violence and crime from a postmodern perspective, the city and gang violence, and the definition of gang violence. Then, the research monitored the factors related to the emergence of neighbourhood gangs. As an attempt by the researchers to explain violence and crime in the city, both the subculture approach and the architectural space approach were explained briefly. Also, at the end of the research, some proposed solutions were presented to confront the phenomenon of neighbourhood gangs, and a future vision for life in the city was presented so that we can obtain the right to live in a suitable, positive, stimulating and clean city... for us and for our children after us.

The hijab has always been associated with religious sanctity and social customs. This is so because it formalizes the feminine appearance in the public sphere as a male dominated environment, and grants the female body purity, chastity and modesty, while at the same time obligating women to adhere to a moral behavioral pattern that arranges their relationship with the male space to the extent that the hijab reflects male authority and virility in conservative societies. Nevertheless, its dominance over women is declining due to the complexity and demands of daily life. Women\'s interpretations of their general context (study, work, shopping...) and the style of dress that it entails grants them with symbolic resources that provide space for negotiation as well as confrontation all at the same time, which allows them to freely choose a dress appearance that meets their expressive needs for their gender identity. However, their confrontation with a society that strongly adheres to its customs and traditions with regard to women, has produced a feminist type that appears as submissive to patriarchal demands in terms of veiling. The contradictory treatment of women in society has produced a multiplicity of different forms of hijabs, which have made their imposing presence in the public sphere and have been systematically linked to women’s Muslim identity as a type of socialization resistant to Western culture as well as to political-religious movements. Using qualitative methods this article aims to analyze a sample of 30 semi-structured interviews, on the social and cultural influences that construct the image of women who define their independent gender identity in rational relationships within the constraints of their social context. The relationship of these women with the hijab provides the reader with interesting and ambiguous findings that contradict all expectations; their religious knowledge is mainly absent from their donning of the hijab and its religious purposes, which empties it of its ideological load, and thus engages in a wave of normalization with the transformation imposed by the social market to become a commodity that rearranges the hijab as a versatile and complex consumer value for women who are diverse in their composition as a complex social group.

The study aims to identify opportunities for empowering Saudi women in the fields of education, economy, and health, and to uncover the challenges that hinder their empowerment and ways to address them. The study adopted the descriptive approach by applying the study tool, a questionnaire, to a sample of 116 participants. The data were analyzed, leading to several findings, the most significant of which is the considerable increase in opportunities for women's empowerment in the economic, health, and educational dimensions from the perspective of the sample.

The study aimed at identifying the effects of social stigma factors on women's recidivism to crime in the Emirate of Sharjah. The study used the descriptive-analytical approach, and a sample of women who had returned to crime in Sharjah was selected. A questionnaire was applied to them. The results showed that the impact of both economic and social stigma factors on women's return to crime was at a moderate level, with no statistically significant differences between their average responses to economic and social stigma factors. This indicates that these factors have an equal impact on women's recidivism to crime in Sharjah. The research recommends integrating women into community jobs and providing support for poor families.

This study aims to explore the attitudes of family counselling specialists toward the application of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in the family context, with the objective of improving family stability. The researcher employed a qualitative methodology due to its suitability for the nature of the current study, using a purposeful non-probability sample consisting of five specialists from the Family Development Administration and its branches (Family Counselling Administration). These specialists had undergone various training programs on the mechanisms of applying CBT and leveraged their expertise in CBT to serve families and enhance their stability. This effort is part of the administration's continuous endeavours to develop and train employees through diverse programs, with recent emphasis on applying CBT techniques to empower families. The study utilized interviews as a tool for data collection and analysed the data in light of relevant theories and previous literature. The key findings confirmed the contribution of CBT in alleviating certain family issues, particularly problems stemming from irrational beliefs held by some family members, which contributed to the challenges they faced.

This study aims to identify the pillars of the social policy of higher education in the United Arab Emirates. To achieve this goal, the study adopted the qualitative approach that is based on the collection of information and documents, for the phenomenon to be studied, which is to identify the basic pillars from which the social policy of higher education in the country is derived and on which it is based. The qualitative approach employed descriptive analysis, which requires collecting data from secondary sources. It included the content of the State Constitution, laws and legislation, decrees and decisions of official institutions in making social policy for higher education. In addition, the study collects data from references, letters, official reports, charters, and global and local agreements. This method aimed at making an objective description. The results showed that the pillars of the social policy of higher education in the UAE are based on a fixed and well-known set of pillars. These pillars constitute the basic foundations on which the policy is based and from which the legal framework for this policy is determined. These pillars are: Laws, legislations, decisions, and current and future decrees issued by official institutions in making social policy for higher education, represented in the legislative authority, the executive authority, and the judiciary in the state. The policy is based on Divine laws, the Constitution, global and local charters and treaties, the ideology of the state, and cultural heritage. These sources crystallize the foundations of the philosophy of higher education.

This study focuses on identifying and understanding the specific challenges faced by residents within juvenile care centers in the United Arab Emirates, shifting the emphasis from the broader issue of juvenile delinquency to the internal dynamics and experiences of these juveniles. Despite juvenile delinquency being a widespread phenomenon that poses a deviation from the norms and traditions of Emirati society, the core objective here is to dissect and analyze the problems encountered by juveniles residing in care centers, such as psychological distress, educational setbacks, and social integration issues. The research delves into the nature of the care environment, examining how it impacts the rehabilitation process and overall well-being of its residents. It aims to explore the living conditions, the provision of educational and vocational training, the psychological support available, and the strategies implemented to facilitate the reintegration of juveniles into society. The focus is squarely on evaluating the effectiveness of these juvenile care centers in addressing the needs of their residents and identifying areas where improvements are necessary. By concentrating on the internal challenges within these centers, the study seeks to contribute valuable insights into enhancing the care and support provided to juvenile residents. This approach not only aids in better understanding the immediate needs of these individuals but also offers a foundation for developing more effective rehabilitation programs. Through this focused examination, the study endeavors to present strategies that could significantly improve the quality of life for juveniles in care centers in the UAE, thereby aiding in their successful reintegration into society and enhancing social cohesion and moral conduct within the Emirati context.

Repetition is a linguistic phenomenon known in Arabic in most of its texts that have reached us, starting from the pre-Islamic era until the modern era. It has also been used in the Holy Qur’an, the Noble Hadith, and the speech of the Arabs in poetry and prose, and in the Semitic languages we find repetition of nouns, verbs, letters, and sentences. It is an Arabic term that had its presence among ancient Arab rhetoricians, and it is not based only on the mere repetition of the word in the context, but rather on the emotional impact that the word leaves on the soul of the recipient, and thus reflects an aspect of the psychological and emotional situation, and such an aspect cannot be understood except through studying repetition, which represents one of the Aesthetic tools that help understand an image scene or a situation, and also the art of my speech, is one of the methods known to the Arabs. Rather, it is one of the virtues of eloquence and a method of emphasis in the Arabic language that comes to document the meaning as well as prove it, and also one of the most important means of persuasion, and as mentioned above, the Arabs knew it in their speech, and it came in the Holy Qur’an adopting that method such that The soul does not tire of it, nor does the call to prayer turn away from it. It is intended to be brief and short. Therefore, it is considered consolidation and confirmation, and it is also considered one of the means of consolidation and persuasion, as well as acknowledgment. This is why it is considered the closest to doubt or certainty and the most powerful.. It appears in the Holy Qur’an in different styles depending on the context. On this basis, Arabic rhetoric viewed repetition in terms of emphasis and used it to emphasize and consolidate meanings, which have a role in achieving formal and semantic coherence in a specific communicative context between recurring elements within the text. So, through this, its repetition is achieved with the purposes and meanings it carries, as it is a form of lexical cohesion, and it is one of the phenomena that characterizes languages in general and the Arabic language in particular, “which we find in words, structures, and meanings to achieve eloquence in expression and to emphasize speech and beauty in linguistic performance.

People's waiting, which is related essentially to the idea of a Savior, is part of the collective consciousness that has developed itself to an archetype, and this archetype has become like a mirror against which people measure their chances of survival. In the twentieth century theatre, the process of waiting rarely spares Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot as an emblematic example, though the character of Godot has become prone to be manipulated into different characterizations that are basically deconstructing the idea of waiting. Therefore, the aim becomes how to excavate man's ability to make some change by one’s own self through paths than passive waiting even if this aspiration for change was within the realm of death. The Iraqi playwright, Ali Abdul-Nabi Al-Zaidi employs in his play A Second Death, a similar dramatic archetypal inheritance. His use of archetypes cluster to constitute a Lacanian mirror through which humanity alludes itself for salvation. Al-Zaidi tries to smash this archetypal mirror, helping his audience to reconstruct themselves away from waiting for a savior.

Since the dawn of humanity violence caused by war or armed conflicts between nations or within the same nation are marked with Trauma and those individuals who face these traumatic events suffer for the rest of their lives and rarely survive its nightmarish shadow.Trauma is a Greek word means wound, however its meaning started to refer to spiritual rather than physical injuries. During the Eighteenth Century it is used to refer to emotional and psychological scars left by violent or upsetting experiences. This study refers to Trauma theory that is explained and developed by Cathy Caruth. This epistemological and ethical perspective is laid forth in her highly significant work. Depending on the theory of Trauma, the analysis will examine the impact of the war on Vietnamese immigrants to the United States and the hardships they faced, which led them to develop mental illnesses such as identity disorder, isolation, self-torture rejection, and difficulties of adaptation and loss of self-esteem. The study presents Trauma theory; its evolution, pioneers, uses, significance, and concepts. It also sheds light on the works and life of Robert Olen Butler, an American writer who served as an interpreter and an unofficial student of Vietnamese culture during the Vietnam War after briefly working in counterintelligence. It presents the short story of Open Arms. The story introduces Thap, who appears to be a devoted communist and is a North Vietnamese. Because his family was slain by the communist party, he plots with the Australians. His traumatic experience led him to committed suicide.