URUK FOR HUMANITIES

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تقييم المخاطر الجيومورفولوجية في قضاء راوندوز، وهي منطقة تتميز بتضاريسها الجبلية الوعرة التي تقع في شمال العراق، وتحديداً في محافظة أربيل. نظراً لتنوع تضاريسه وارتفاع مخاطره الطبيعية، يتطلب قضاء راوندوز تحليلاً دقيقاً لتحديد المخاطر المحتملة مثل الانهيارات الأرضية والانجرافات. يعتمد البحث على تحليل البيانات الجيولوجية، الطبوغرافية، والمناخية باستخدام تقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS)، الهدف الأساسي من هذا التقييم هو تطوير استراتيجيات للتخفيف من المخاطر وإدارة الكوارث في قضاء راوندوز من خلال تحديد المناطق الحساسة وتقديم توصيات للتخطيط العمراني والاستخدام الأمثل للأراضي، بما يسهم في حماية الأرواح والممتلكات وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة في المنطقة، توصلت الدراسة أن المخاطر الجيومورفولوجية في منطقة الدراسة تتوزع على خمس مستويات، اذ تحتل المخاطر المنخفضة جداً نسبة 29.46% وتتركز في المناطق المستقرة جيولوجياً ذات الانحدارات القليلة. أما المخاطر المنخفضة، التي تغطي 32.16% من المساحة، فتنتشر في المناطق ذات الانحدارات المعتدلة. المخاطر المتوسطة، بنسبة 22.77%، توجد في مناطق ذات تضاريس متباينة وانحدارات أكبر. المخاطر العالية، التي تشكل 12.10%، تتمركز في المناطق ذات التضاريس الوعرة والانحدارات الحادة. أخيرًا، المخاطر العالية جداً تحتل أقل مساحة بنسبة 3.51%، وتتركز في المناطق ذات التضاريس الشديدة والانحدارات الحادة جداً، مما يجعلها الأكثر خطورة في المنطقة.

Count (Ahmed Radi) one of the important sports personalities in Iraq, he belonged to an Iraqi family known for its originality, its roots extended to one of the well-known clans of Iraq, which is the thigh of Al-Saffa, which is part of the Bani Malik tribe, which spreads in large parts of Iraq, the love of football began Football, and he started practicing it in alleys and schools, as a result of his influence on the family atmosphere represented by his brothers who used to practice it, and the arrival of some of them to represent national teams, which increased his love for the game of football, He was born in 1964, and he died in 2020 at the age of 56 due to the Corona pandemic.

The aim of the research is to identify the obstacles to the application of e-learning from the point of view of teachers in the General Directorate of Education in the Najaf Governorate. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a questionnaire consisting of (30) thirty paragraphs was prepared divided into four main areas and distributed to a random sample of (411) teachers and (401) schools in government schools (intermediate, middle, and secondary), and after ensuring the validity and reliability of the tool. And using the appropriate statistical means, the results showed that the technical and technical obstacles ranked first with the highest percentage, with a relative weight of (73.22), followed by the rest of the obstacles. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the averages of teachers’ answers due to the gender variable, and in light of the results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including: the need to pay attention to the development of e-learning in the Ministry of Education and urge the directorates to provide its technical and technical requirements and work on preparing teaching staff Qualified through workshops and training courses capable of using e-learning applications.

The study area is located in southwest Iraq, within the administrative borders of Al-Salman District, affiliated to Al-Muthanna Governorate in its southern part, and is located between latitudes (30° 40- - 30° 00-) north, and longitudes (44° 55- - 44° 20-) east, and the total area of the study area is (4340.99) km2. This research followed the analytical and descriptive approaches, as the area was visited twice and 42 soil samples were taken at different depths. Through the research, it was found that there is a variation in the chemical properties of the soils. It was found that the soils with the lowest content of organic matter (0.35 -0.02%) constituted the largest percentage, amounting to 62.5% of the studied soils, and it became clear that 50% of the soils fall within the category of temperate basic soils. Calcium ions were characterized by generally high concentrations because the study area is located within the dry climate zone characterized by low rainfall.

This research dealt with climatic elements and their impact on crime in Al-Muthanna Governorate for the years (2022, 2023), as climatic elements and their relationship to bioclimatic comfort in the study area were studied, as well as studying some crimes in the study area represented by (premeditated murder, suicide, attempted murder, intentional injury and assault, habitual theft, car theft, fraud, crimes affecting the family). It was found that climatic elements have a large and clear role in influencing bioclimatic comfort, which contributed to the spread of these crimes for most months of the year. By comparing the number of crimes in four months (January, April, July, and October) during the two study years as models of the seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn), it became clear that climatic conditions have an impact on the mood and emotions of individuals, which reduces the bioclimatic comfort of the population and thus increases the possibility of conflicts and tensions that in some cases lead to the commission of various crimes.

This study aimed to investigate design thinking methods and their relationship to professional motivation among physics teachers in intermediate education, considering the impact of the gender variable. To achieve this goal, the researcher selected a descriptive approach and used a questionnaire consisting of 30 items. Statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS, applying the Chi-square test and Cronbach's alpha to measure validity and reliability. The validity and reliability were confirmed using appropriate scientific methods. The survey was administered to a random sample of physics teachers in schools in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, with a total sample size of 100 participants. The researcher found that physics teachers in intermediate education possess a good level of design thinking methods and above-average levels of professional motivation. Additionally, a significant correlation was identified between design thinking methods and professional motivation among these teachers. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level regarding design thinking methods and their relationship to professional motivation among physics teachers in intermediate education based on the results obtained by the researcher.

This research deals with the study of the standard and auditory sources in the book (Sharh Al-Hidayah) by Al-Mahdawi (d. 440 AH), which represents a broad text for linguistic studies in general, and morphological studies in particular; because this book has rich texts that enrich and saturate the study with many examples, and this is what made the researcher undertake to delve into studying the texts of this book, according to the rules of Arabic morphology, so the choice fell - in this research - on the structures of the sources, and their morphological direction; to understand the structure of the Arabic word and the nature of its parts, so the research came on two axes, the researcher dealt with the study of the standard sources, in the first axis, and the auditory sources in the second axis.

The research aims to study the effect of teaching using the integrated thinking maps strategy on the academic achievement and educational advancement of fifth-grade female students in science.
•There is no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level between the average scores of the experimental group, who will be taught using the integrated thinking maps strategy, and the average scores of the control group, who will be taught using the traditional method, in the achievement test.
•There is no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group in the educational advancement scale.
The sample included 51 students from Al-Izdehar Primary School, divided into an experimental group (26 students) and a control group (25 students). The equivalence of the two groups was ensured in variables such as age, intelligence, and prior achievement. The researcher used an achievement test consisting of 30 items and an educational advancement scale. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks, with three lessons taught weekly.

The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of the adaptive teaching strategy in the achievement of science and mathematics among fifth-grade primary school students and their objective thinking. The researcher followed the experimental method, and the research sample consisted of (59) fifth-grade primary school students in Al-Akhaa Primary School in the city of Diwaniyah. The experiment was conducted. During the first semester of the academic year (2023-2024), the experimental group studied the subjects of science and mathematics according to the adaptive teaching strategy, while the control group studied in the traditional method. After applying the tests (science and mathematics achievement) and the substantive thinking test after extracting their psychometric properties.

The research aimed to know environmental communication, social intelligence, and the correlation between environmental communication and social intelligence among middle school students. In order to achieve the goals, the researcher chose a random sample of middle school students in a random manner with equal distribution, which amounted to (100) students. The researcher also built a scale. Environmental communication, which in its final form consisted of (20) items, and the construction of the social intelligence scale, which consisted of (22) items. The researcher extracted the characteristics of validity and reliability for both scales. After using appropriate statistical methods, the researcher found that female students in the middle school have a level of environmental communication, and that female students in the middle school have a level of social intelligence, and that there is a strong, positive relationship between environmental communication and social intelligence. The researcher concluded the current research with a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The research aims to shed light on the reality of school dropout in Iraq at its educational stages (primary, secondary, vocational) between the academic year (2003-2004) to (2020-2021) and to know the percentage of dropouts compared to the number of students and pupils, as the number of dropouts in Iraq during the academic year (2020-2021) reached (232452) dropouts, of whom (150871) dropouts in the primary stage and (79923) dropouts in the secondary stage, in addition to (1658) dropouts in the vocational stage, and the research included a set of results and proposals, the most prominent of which are the increase in the number of dropouts in the country from (193550) dropouts during the academic year (2003-2004) to ((232452 dropouts during the academic year (2020-2021), and the increase in the number of students and pupils who dropped out in the primary and secondary stages and the decrease in their number in the vocational stage between the academic year (2003-2004, 2020-2021), in addition to Baghdad Governorate occupying the first place in school dropouts at all educational levels. The most important proposals are to work on reducing the percentage of school dropouts by raising awareness in society about the seriousness of this phenomenon through all media and through field trips to all regions of the country, in addition to financial support by continuing to provide financial grants to students and pupils and not cutting them off, as they have an impact on reducing school dropouts.

The present topic matter is considered one of the important studies as it identifies the foreign military bases established in Djibouti and the extent of the impact of Djibouti's geographical location on their presence. It also explains the objectives of these bases, identifies the geopolitical repercussions they imposed on Djibouti at the internal and external levels, and sets a set of their future developments.
Djibouti enjoys geopolitical importance due to its important strategic location along the cost of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Bab al-Mandab Strait, which made it the focus of attention of the great powers. It is the first French base that existed since the occupation period, and its importance came after 2001. In the same year, the United States opened a military base there, and after that, other countries opened military bases such as Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain and the latest of which was the Chinese base in 2017. These bases took the fight against terrorism as a pretext for their existence, but they have economic, military and security goals. They are also intelligence and espionage sites for African countries in general and Djibouti in particular, in addition to monitoring international navigation. International powers compete with each other according to what their interests require, and they may turn at any moment into a state of conflict making Djibouti an arena for settling scores. Among its positive aspects is that it constitutes revenues for Djibouti and constitutes a type of protection in the event of an external or internal threat. On the other hand, it has negative aspects among which is that it is a source of terrorist attacks and causes a state of chaos and espionage and affects the sovereignty of Djibouti and its security.

Ghanem Najib Abbas is a prominent Iraqi historian known for his unique style of writing contemporary Iraqi history. Born and raised in Baghdad, Abbas has dedicated his career to highlighting the complex political and social dynamics that have shaped his homeland. One of the key aspects of Ghanem Najib Abbas's work is his deep understanding of the historical background of Iraq. Through extensive research and analysis, he has been able to provide valuable insights into the country's turbulent past, from colonial rule to dictatorship and war. Abbas's influence on the Iraqi historical narrative cannot be denied. His meticulous attention to detail and commitment to presenting multiple perspectives have enriched our understanding of key events in Iraq's modern history. In terms of methodology, Abbas uses a variety of research techniques, including archival research, oral history interviews, and comparative analysis. This multifaceted approach allows him to paint a comprehensive picture of contemporary Iraq. Despite his contributions in this field, Ghanem Naguib Abbas was not without criticism. Some scholars have questioned his interpretation of certain events or accused him of bias in his work. However, Abbas's legacy and influence on Iraqi history cannot be denied. His pioneering research continues to shape our understanding of contemporary Iraq and inspire future generations of historians to delve deeper into this fascinating subject.

The Tsarist Russian Empire adopted several policies that it had previously pursued during its conflict with the Persian and Ottoman empires, as the Russians adopted an expansionist policy in its regional surroundings, including the South Caucasus region. Therefore, the Russians began implementing a demographic strategic plan to transfer Christian Russian Armenians to the South Caucasus and expel nationalities of Turkish origin, including the Azerbaijanis. The research revolves around a fundamental issue, which is the core of the conflict, which is the issue of the Nagorno-Karabakh region disputed by Armenia and Azerbaijan, in addition to analyzing the political
developments and geopolitical transformations in the South Caucasus region and its regional surroundings, and the results of these developments, the most prominent of which was the emergence of several wars between them, most notably the 1992 war and the 2020 war, which changed many concepts about the nature of modern wars and turned the balance of power in favor of Azerbaijan, which subsequently regained all the territories occupied by Armenia during the war of the nineties of the twentieth century.

The current study aims to know the competencies that must be available among middle school teachers to meet the needs of mentally gifted students from the point of view of professors, teachers, specialized supervisors, and school principals.The current study population consisted of middle school teachers in Baghdad Governorate for the academic year (2022-2023), and the number of members of the study population reached (450) teachers and schools. The study sample was (160) teachers and schools, school principals (80) and university professors (122). They were chosen randomly, as the researcher adopted a list consisting of six magazines: (the educational system - the subject of specialization - self-formation - the relationship with the environment - pedagogy - (Situations of teaching and learning ethics) Each field consists of three basic competencies (knowledge, skills, and personal traits). The researcher verified the apparent validity, and reliability was verified by a retest method. The overall average reliability for all fields was (0.86). After the tool was ready, it was applied to The original sample, which consisted of (302) male and female teachers.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of teaching using the (PROR) strategy on academic achievement in science and student perseverance among fifth-grade students. There is no statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the mean scores of the experimental group (who studied using the PROR strategy) and the control group (who studied using the traditional method) in the achievement test.There is no statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in the perseverance scale. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design, with a sample of 60 students (30 in each group). Equivalence between the two groups was ensured regarding influential variables.56 behavioral objectives for the science subject were formulated according to Bloom's taxonomy (knowledge, comprehension, application).An achievement test consisting of 30 multiple-choice items was developed, and its validity and reliability were confirmed (0.821) The researcher used a perseverance scale (Fadl, 2021) consisting of 30 items, with confirmed validity and reliability (0.887).The experiment lasted for 8 weeks, with three lessons per week for each group.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a teaching-learning design based on directed thinking in developing the skills of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of history. The researcher adopted an experimental approach, dividing the students into two groups: an experimental group that studied with the teaching-learning design and a control group that studied using the traditional method. The researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level between the average scores of the experimental group students studying history using the teaching-learning design and the average scores of the control group students studying using the traditional method in the historical skills measure. A random sample of 64 students from the fourth literary grade at Qutaiba Secondary School for Boys, part of the General Directorate of Education in Qadisiyyah, was selected. The researcher ensured that the two groups were matched on several variables such as chronological age, intelligence, and prior knowledge. Appropriate statistical analyses were used, and the psychometric properties of the measure were verified. Statistical tools for analyzing the results, such as the mean, standard deviation, and t-test for independent samples, were employed.The results indicated that the students in the experimental group who studied with the teaching-learning design based on directed thinking outperformed those in the control group who studied using the traditional method.

When the author publishes his work for circulation among the public, whether the author is the publisher or he contracts with others under a publishing contract for others to publish the work to the public, and then serious or serious moral reasons arise for the work, which make the circulated work cause harm to the author's scientific and literary reputation, or the author has changed his religion so that the work contradicts the author's new beliefs or may conflict with public order and morals in society, or modern theories have proven a scientific error in the work, the author requests the court to rule to withdraw that work from circulation based on those reasons that justify the withdrawal, and if the court is convinced of the moral reasons that justify the withdrawal of the work, it issues a ruling to withdraw the work from circulation, provided that the author compensates the owner of the exploitation right with fair compensation within a period determined by the court for the material loss he suffered as a result of the withdrawal of the work, according to procedures stipulated by the legislator.

The book “The Moroccan Statement” by Ibn Adhari al-Marrakshi is one of the most important historical sources that dealt with the history of Morocco and Andalusia in the Middle Ages. In the part that deals with social life in the city of Seville, Ibn Adhari presents an accurate picture of daily life in the city during the period of Islamic rule.
Seville is one of the major Andalusian cities that has witnessed great economic, cultural and social prosperity. Social life there was diverse and complex, influenced by a diverse population that included Arabs, Berbers, Mozarabs (Christians who lived under Islamic rule), and Jews. This cultural mixture added a unique character to social life.
Social life in Seville is characterized by diversity in social classes, where there are upper classes consisting of scholars, merchants, and notables, and lower classes that include peasants and artisans. There was also significant social interaction among residents through markets and religious and cultural events.
In addition, Ibn Adhari was interested in describing social institutions such as mosques, schools, and libraries, which were the center of science, learning, and social interaction.

This study aims to identify the phenomenon of urban deterioration of heritage housing units in the study area and diagnose the most significant and evident causes. Heritage homes suffer from continuous deterioration, which poses a significant risk that neither the residents nor the concerned authorities have fully realized. Thus, this study came to understand the reality of urban housing deterioration in the Abbasiyah District (Eastern and Western) as a case study. It seeks to interpret and analyze the main reasons behind the decay of its residential neighborhoods using advanced statistical methods to find relationships and correlations between research variables. These are then represented on maps that depict the factors contributing to the deterioration of the housing in the Abbasiyah District. Finally, a set of strategies and solutions are proposed to revive these housing units and preserve their architectural heritage from various forms of decay.

The current research aims to know the extent to which questions and activities in social studies textbooks for the middle stage include basic thinking skills and mental abilities, which required the researcher to adopt a classification tool for basic thinking skills, which is a list that includes (4) basic thinking skills and (4) mental abilities, according to which the questions and activities were analyzed. Social studies books for the three grades in the middle school for the academic year 2023-2024 AD. The researcher used the descriptive approach (content analysis) and adopted explicit ideas as a unit for recording. Among the results reached by the research, the questions and activities of the first grade book obtained repetitions of basic thinking skills with (82) repetitions and For mental abilities (118) repetitions and the questions and activities of the second grade book received repetitions for basic thinking skills (303) repetitions and for mental abilities (331) repetitions and the questions and activities of the third grade book obtained repetitions for basic thinking skills (404) repetitions and for mental abilities (487) ) Repetition. As for the most prominent conclusions, they were summarized in the fact that the questions and activities of social studies books correspond to a large degree with the sensory information and mental skills related to that. In light of this, the researcher recommended the need for balance in the proportions of including basic thinking skills in social studies books, so that the researcher could come up with proposals, including analyzing social studies books for the preparatory stage in light of skills. Higher thinking.