Mustansiriyah Journal of Humanities

This research looks at the images of the distant other in the poet، such as the critic of the one whom he began to praise، lament، or satirize in the context of his poem. The distant other، according to our search for his concepts، is the one who is distant in lineage، and may be in religious belief. If we talk about the poet’s situation with his slave girls، it must be noted that the poet himself may not have referred to this concept in the distant past in terms of his belief; Rather، he intended to present an image of the distant other with whom he lives his daily life، whether in his social environment or in the middle
The drinking session also dealt with the Nadim، the bartender، and the slave girls، and the distant other appears in his poetry and prose

Muslims rely on the Noble Prophetic Sunnah to derive Islamic rulings, laws and values, as it is concerned with explaining and clarifying the Holy Quran, interpreting it and clarifying its legislative content. The Prophetic Hadiths have been subjected to falsification and distortion by liars and infiltrators in Islam to distort the message of the Noble Prophet (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) and distort it from its course. The Imams of the Household of the Prophet (peace be upon them) had a prominent impact in preserving the pure Sunnah and became a source of hadith, narration and clarification of legal rulings. They fought innovations and misguidance and directed the necessity of preserving the narrative heritage. This research sheds light on the features of the Hadith reform among the Household of the Prophet (peace be upon them) and clarifies their role in preserving knowledge, purposes and objectives carried by the Prophetic Sunnah, and identifies the lies, fabrication and distortion that the Prophetic Hadiths were subjected to, and clarifies their word, position and evaluation of the Hadiths in order for the Prophetic Sunnah to reach intact without any addition, subtraction, fabrication or distortion.

The research focuses on the methodology adopted by Sheikh Abdullah Al-Bustani in compiling his dictionary Al-Bustan, the system he followed in organizing its entries and content, and his approach to analyzing linguistic materials. It also examines the principles he adhered to in his linguistic analysis. Additionally, the study explores the methodological features of the dictionary, including the use of various citations—Qur'anic verses, Qur'anic readings, Hadith, poetic references, eloquent sayings, and proverbs—which serve as evidence employed by lexicographers to validate the meanings of words. This dictionary is considered one of the Jesuit Arabic lexicons, modeled after Mouhit Al-Mouhit by Butrus Al-Bustani, with modifications to refine and simplify it. The author, in collaboration with the printing press, sought to produce a linguistic dictionary free of vulgar and archaic words while incorporating many modern terms. Furthermore, it includes vocabulary and meanings related to Christianity, as it was intended for Jesuit students rather than scholars, as was previously the case. The research concludes with a critique of the methodology and the errors found in Al-Bustan.

The restrictive method is one of the methods of the Arabic language, and it helps to determine the meaning of the speech by emphasizing that determiner, and guarding against the possibility of something else. The presence of the restrictive in the sentence gives the meaning clarity and clarity and indicates multiple connotations that the recipient cannot reach without its presence, and this is what was discussed in We discussed this, and what is meant by restriction is that which exceeds the two pillars of the chain of transmission, and it contains many restrictions, including abrogates and others, The research that deals with the abrogators in the sentence will attempt to reveal the beauty of their organization in the narrations of the infallibles (peace be upon them), and the intention behind this restriction, and also reveal the issue of these restrictions, which are among the tools the creator resorts to in arousing the recipient; Their presence is sometimes necessary in the text, and it became clear to me that most of the restrictive tools are (contextual tools) and from their totality it appears that the context is (a vast storehouse) of restrictive devices, and that the function of these tools is declarative, and most of them are grammatical, such as (reproducers).

The study aims to determine the extent of implementation of the transportation road network In the Hawija region through quantitative methods Such as communication between administrative regions in the region . Easy access and identification, easier access and communication. This is done using precise statistical methods. The research relied on the analytical method, the quantitative method, and the descriptive method In his analysis of the road network in (the study area) for the year (2023), The research also reached a number of results Based on the latest data issued by relevant authorities, Regarding the density of roads to population, the Riyadh district ranked (26.27) people/km. Hawija District Center (25.62) people, As for the density of roads in relation to area, the center of Hawija District, , ranked first (536.49) km/km2. As for the degree of connectivity of the road network, It varied according to the indicators (beta, kama, alpha) for the district of (Hawija), It was recorded according to the beta index (1.26), according to the gamma index (0.48), and according to the alpha index (0.25).

After Noam Chomsky published his book Aspects of the Theory of Syntax in 1965, which is described as a paradigmatic theory based on rationality, explanation, and the mind's ability to produce and understand language, some scholars criticized this theory and established a new approach known as Cognitivism. This approach was influenced by various disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, and others. Cognitivism focuses on studying language in terms of its nature and function, viewing it as a cognitive activity in itself and a carrier of cognitive representations. It must be examined from the perspective of its semantic-cognitive properties and its interaction with other cognitive faculties such as perception, memory, and imagery. The key topics in cognitivism include non-directional computation, decentralization, and conceptual structure.

God did not create man in vain, but rather he was created to attain spiritual and moral perfection, and there is no way to achieve this except by those. responsible for following the legal rulings, and worshiping God Almighty with purifications as they are a prelude to entering into acts of worship and attaining God Almighty’s satisfaction with the servant as a result. The value of the knowledge of jurisprudence and its honor among others is not hidden from anyone. All the sciences of Islam, because through it those who are charged are guided to their legal duties, and through it they learn about the rulings they are assigned to by the Legislator, Blessed and Most High, and thus they obtain compliance that frees them from responsibility
Our temporal distance from the era of legislation, the conflict of narratives, and the difference in their concept and pronunciation among jurists was the reason for the lack of clarity of a large number of Sharia rulings and their shrouding in ambiguity, which led to ambiguity in determining the practical position of the accountable person in many incidents and events. Therefore, scholars began to classify and compile in explaining these rulings in varying degrees. In brevity and redundancy The method is to explain the document of legal ruling and fatwa, and because of the importance of this knowledge and the opinions of scholars on its issues, my interest was in presenting this manuscript by Sheikh Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Tusi Al-Mashhadi.

The current research aims to “analyze the content of the literary texts of Arabic language books for the fourth grade of primary school in light of the standards of children’s literature.” The research problem was defined in the following two questions: “What are the standards in light of which the content of literary texts of Arabic language books for the primary stage between Iraq and Qatar can be analyzed, and” To what extent are these standards available in the content of literary texts? The researcher prepared a list of standards for this purpose. The research community consisted of Arabic language writers, as the number of literary texts reached (4) literary texts. The researcher used the descriptive approach based on the content analysis method, and the researcher used the percentage To demonstrate the extent of agreement, the researcher reached (26) criteria in their final form that are suitable for analyzing literary texts distributed over four fields: the psychological field, the educational field, the artistic field (form), and the cognitive field (linguistic). The researcher used appropriate statistical methods. In terms of The psychological field: It is noted that the average availability of psychological field standards in the fourth grade of primary school in literary texts in the country is (10.5). The educational field has an average of (7.5), the artistic field has an average of (9), and the cognitive-linguistic field has an average of (8.15). In light of the results, the researcher concluded: There is a discrepancy in the distribution of literary texts to the upper grades, and a failure to employ the Qur’an in the proper manner with literary texts.

The current research aims to know the effectiveness of a program based on the factor theory in developing linguistic thinking among fifth-grade literary students. The sample was selected randomly, and the descriptive and experimental approaches were used. The researcher formulated his goals and hypotheses by preparing a list of the most prominent linguistic thinking skills, including main skills, which are (5) skills, from which sub-skills emerged after presenting them to experts and making appropriate modifications. The researcher applied the experiment and conducted a pre- and post-test, where the test consisted of two parts, the first multiple choice and the other essay. It was concluded through the test results that there was a development in linguistic thinking among students in the experimental group higher than the control group. What indicated the effectiveness of the program through the use of the McGogian equation, where the development rate was 61.0, which indicates the effectiveness of the program.

The research topic titled "(Historical Writing in the Books of Eastern Travelers in the 7th Hijri Century)" consists of two sections. The first section addresses the traveler Yaqut al Hamawi (574 AH / 626 AH) and the hardships he faced in his early life, including captivity and poverty. He used to copy books for a fee and then started trading them. His extensive travels contributed to the diversity of his cultural knowledge as he accessed cultural books in the libraries of the cities he passed through and met with scholars and notable figures. This greatly enriched the Arabic library with numerous works in various fields, most notably his book "Mu'jam al-Buldan," the most famous geographical dictionary, which included accounts of his journeys to different cities and regions, as well as their histories. The second section discusses the astronomer-geographer Zakariya al-Qazwini (600 AH / 682 AH), one of the most prominent travelers and geographers of the 7th Hijri century. He traveled extensively across the Islamic world and read what other travelers had documented about their journeys, which greatly aided him in writing his book "Athar al Bilad wa Akhbar al-Ibad" (Monuments of Countries and Stories of Peoples). In this book, he focused on the conditions of the lands and their inhabitants, combining simplicity and diversity, while maintaining a religious tone.

This research aims to identify the extent to which Arabic language teachers use conscious discipline skills and their attitude towards them, in the intermediate stage. The research community may be from the Directorate of Education in Baghdad Governorate (Rusafa I (1), Rusafa II (2), and Rusafa III (3)), and the researcher chose his research sample according to the regular stratified sample method, which amounted to (87) male and female teachers of Arabic language for the intermediate stage and a percentage of (25%) of the original research community, with (25) teachers and (62) schools, and in order for the researcher to achieve the goal of that, he built an observation card form to be a tool for paragraphs of conscious discipline skills, and it consisted of (87) paragraphs that he distributed over five areas of the research scale, and as for the attitude scale, it consisted of (36) paragraphs The researcher confirmed their psychometric characteristics, and through his study he concluded that the level of use of Arabic language teachers in the intermediate stage of conscious discipline skills is weak, despite the presence of positive attitudes towards them, and it was noted that there is no correlation between the extent of use and attitude. The researcher recommended that Arabic language teachers in the intermediate stage should use activities and skills in the educational process in general and conscious discipline skills in particular.

This research dealt with the variable of counselors' wisdom in counseling situations and includes eight dimensions (self-knowledge, emotional management, altruism, inspiring participation, judgment, knowledge of life, life skills, desire to learn) and its relationship with some demographic variables represented by (gender - specialization - years of service). The research aimed to identify the significance of differences in counselors' wisdom in counseling situations according to the variable: (gender - specialization - years of service). The researcher adopted the descriptive comparative approach to study his research variables. The research sample consisted of (180) male and female counselors. He adopted the balance theory of the scientist "Sternberg 1998" to formulate (54) paragraphs for the counselors' wisdom scale in counseling situations. Then he performed validity and reliability procedures, and the data were processed using the (Spss) program. The research sample) enjoyed wisdom in counseling situations according to the dimensions of the scale, and the interaction between the three variables (gender - specialization - years) was not statistically significant. In light of the results of this research, the researcher presented some important conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to know: The illusion of school incompetence among middle school students. After reviewing the previous literature, the researcher adopted the scale (the illusion of school incompetence), prepared by (Harter, 1982), according to the theoretical model of Phillips (1987), to measure the illusion of school incompetence, which in its adopted form consists of 30 items distributed over three domains. (Cognitive, social, mathematical). After verifying the validity and reliability indicators, the scale was applied to the research sample consisting of (382) male and female students who were randomly selected. The results showed that the middle school students recorded a high degree of the illusion of school incompetence. In light of the results, the researcher developed a number of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to identify the urban heritage and cultural, historical, architectural and artistic elements that have been inherited from generation to generation in cities and urban areas. This urban heritage includes historical buildings, markets, mosques, churches, old neighborhoods, museums, exhibitions and archaeological sites that are part of the cultural identity of urban communities. They have also become part of the history of the nation and people that express the authenticity of Arab architecture. Old cities with their traditional neighborhoods and shops express their historical morphological identity, despite the progress and development in the field of engineering and architecture within the city, its streets and corridors, this was far from the traditional areas, so that its neighborhoods and shops remain preserving their urban heritage and their expressive morphological history, because it represents the social, cultural and aesthetic values of any society in the countries of the world. The research adopted the descriptive approach based on observing the phenomenon studied on the ground, as well as the historical approach that adopted the emergence of the city and the factors influencing its urban heritage areas. The research came out with a set of conclusions, including that the city of Baghdad contains many urban heritage areas, which are considered to have a long history that reflects the art and style of Baghdadi architecture. The research also showed that the urban heritage areas suffer from deteriorating services that have led to a decline in the apparent level of the area. It is also characterized by overcrowding, and a distortion of its general appearance as a result of continuous neglect.

Nubia's geography is distinguished by remarkable features, including its varied terrain, plentiful rivers, temperate climate, and fertile soil. These natural advantages supported the growth of agriculture and livestock production during the Middle Ages, complemented by an abundance of minerals and raw materials. As a result, Nubia experienced economic stability throughout this period. The Nubians were well-known for cultivating a wide range of crops with high yields, and the region’s substantial livestock resources further boosted the prosperity of the Nubian economy. This economic strength was reflected in the rise of small local industries that produced essential goods for daily life. Additionally, trade flourished within Nubia and extended to international exchanges with many countries.

The associates of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) secured a distinguished position and esteem within the hearts of the Muslim community. They were regarded as the most exemplary individuals subsequent to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) in terms of erudition, deeds, authenticity, camaraderie, and dedication to the cause of Allah, as well as in their efforts to invite others to His faith. The Almighty Allah lauded them for their unwavering belief, righteous path, accurate expressions, and virtuous deeds, and explicitly indicated His pleasure with them, as articulated in His Divine Scripture: "Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquility upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest. And much war booty which they will take. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise" (Surah Al-Fath: verses 18-19(.
Among these illustrious figures was Abu Barzah Al-Aslami, who was a companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) and Imam Ali (peace be upon him). He accepted Islam in its formative years and partook in numerous battles and military campaigns, including the battles of Uhud, Khaybar, the conquest of Mecca, the Persian conquests, the Battle of the Camel, and the Battle of Siffin. He transmitted a plethora of traditions from the Prophet (peace be upon him) as well as from Imam Hasan (peace be upon him), in addition to narrations from Caliph Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq.

Al-Hafi Valley Basin is one of the secondary basins of the great chatter Basin, which is located in the Jazira region of Anbar governorate to the west of chatter Lake and is astronomically located between two circles of Latitude (33° 45' 35" - 33° 53' 5") north and bow lengths (42° 53' 20" - 43° 7' 40") eastern Meridian, covering an area of (106.249) km2, the study aims to estimate the volume of surface runoff in the Al-Hafi Valley Valley basin for water collection purposes, as it was based on the American mathematical model (SCS-CN), and it is also one of the most accurate mathematical methods to obtain surface runoff results by determining the vegetation cover varieties and hydrological groups of soils represented by varieties (A,B), the study showed the degree of difference between these basins in their hydrological characteristics, The values (GN) and (10) ranged between (49-86), while the weighted values (GN) in the main basin of Valley Al-Hafi reached (82.22), and in the secondary basins ranged between (83.94) as the highest value and (80.92) as the average value as the lowest value, which gives the impression that there is a possibility of high runoff in the study area due to the high GN values.
The results of the study indicated the possibility of using a water catchment system in the study area, as the study proposed three hypothetical sections of dams for storing rainwater during the rainy season and using it in different areas (expansion of pastures, development of agricultural land, creation of settlements).

Illegal immigration is the infiltration across land borders or across maritime borders and residing in other countries illegally to leave the country for many reasons that may be judicial or administrative prosecutions. In many cases, Iraqis have immigrated illegally, especially the youth, due to many problems they are struggling with, so they resort to neighboring countries and through them to other countries for the purpose of residing in them. Because of the welcome they receive, they immigrate secretly, leaving their country. After 2003, Iraq witnessed a deteriorating political, economic and security situation that forced many Iraqis to immigrate outside the country. On the other hand, the media played an important role in shaping the trends of the Iraqi public in general and the youth in particular, as television channels provided different visions and perceptions so that the issue of immigration became the main concern of Iraqis, especially the youth, and the talk of everyone from the people of different affiliations. There are many reasons for illegal illegal immigration, and in Iraq, the political and security reasons were the most influential, as wars and internal conflicts resulting from ethnic conflicts or Ideology is among the most important motives for illegal immigration, and the government’s inability to adopt good governance leads to the emergence of marginalization and exploitation of young people, which generates a tendency among them to seek ways of illegal immigration.

During the royal era, the government focused on public services, as that period witnessed the establishment of new shops and residential neighborhoods in the cities of Iraq, and addressing the problems of the people and the residents of the villages. As well as establishing power plants and electricity projects in various cities. Other services include transportation, which is considered a complex problem in many Iraqi cities, due to poor roads and the lack of street organization in a way that ensures future expansion.
On the other hand, the Iraqi government during that period built bridges, paved streets, and provided modern and diverse means of transportation, which led to the creation of a number of roundabouts to regulate transportation traffic in the city. In the 1940s, service institutions also focused on organizing public squares and parks. It planted trees, planted them with flowers, and turned them into free entertainment places frequented by residents of Iraqi cities. In addition, the Iraqi government was interested in developing transportation services, as city residents relied on ancient means such as boats, boats, and boats, which played a major role in transporting goods and people. The tramway company achieved great success at that time and its profits reached 100%, The use of cars was one of the most important modern means of transportation that linked the public, Iraqi cities, and neighboring countries, as it became the basis of transportation for residents and goods alike. This encouraged the connection of the city with the countryside. The development of health and education services had an impact on social reality, as that period witnessed the development of health and educational services significantly.

This study aims to provide a brief idea of the administrative conditions in the brigades of the Arabian Peninsula that were affiliated with the Ottoman Empire, including the brigades of Asir and Najd (Al-Ahsaa), by highlighting the role that Musa Kazem Al-Husseini played in them from an administrative standpoint after he was appointed as their administrator, and studying his role in the developments. Internal affairs that occurred in the aforementioned districts during the time period specified for the scope of the search. The study included an introduction, three axes, and the most prominent conclusions we reached. The first axis dealt with presenting a brief historical overview of the life of Musa Kazem Al-Husseini, while the second axis studied his administrative role in the Asir District in 1898. The third axis studied his administrative role in the Najd (Al-Ahsaa) after the Ottoman Empire chose him as its new administrator in 1901.

It specialized in educating the policeman as a good Iraqi individual and worked to control his behavior in line with general objectives. It was considered one of the leading magazines specialized in professional work. Part of its interest was focused on the social aspect. Its approach is largely formal, even if it addressed the reason for its publication, which is to serve the policeman, direct him towards good service, and raise his cultural level in a manner consistent with the requirements. His era, and was influenced by the nature of the work of the British police, and its articles were not without praise for their professional effectiveness and the accuracy of their professional level.

Medical tourism is one of the important types of tourism in the world's developed countries. The goal of this type of tourism is to travel for the purpose of treatment, recreation, and convalescence, or to enter various health care clinics, or to visit places that have certain healing properties in order to achieve physical, psychological, and intellectual health, or to treat specific diseases, in addition to its role in achieving economic growth. This research aims to analyze the current status of medical tourism in general in Iraq, and to study the geographical assessment of springs and wells. The study relied on a set of scientific references, studies, research, and opinions specialized in tourism related to the field of medical tourism. The research came out with a number of results, the most important of which was that Iraq possesses the components of medical tourism in all its forms, especially hospital and medical, but despite the availability of these natural capabilities, they are almost neglected. The research recommended, among other things, the necessity for medical institutions in Iraq to adopt a policy of developing and marketing medical tourism, and increasing forms of cooperation and coordination between governmental and private agencies concerned with medical tourism.

The current research aims to investigate:
1- The cognitive empowerment among university students.
2- The difference in the relationship in cognitive empowerment according gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific – humanities) The research sample consisted of 400male and female students from Al-Mustansiriya University (morning studies) for the academic year 2023-2024, representing both genders (males - females) and specializations (scientific – humanities(.To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted the Cognitive Empowerment Scale developed by Khudair (2022), based on the model of Thomas and Velthoues (1990), consisting of 20hypothetical situations distributed across cognitive empowerment domains (influence, efficiency, meaning, choice). Each hypothetical situation has three alternatives, After applying the research tools to the research sample of 400 students selected using a multi-stage random sampling method, data were statistically processed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, one-sample t-test, chi-square test, and confirmatory factor analysis. Statistical analysis revealed the following results:
1-The research sample showed cognitive empowerment.
2-There is no statistically significant difference in cognitive empowerment based on gender, but there is a significant difference based on specialization, favoring practical specialization.

This research deals with the study of Imam Al-Babarti's approach, may God have mercy on him, in a topic that is considered one of the most important topics in the science of the principles of jurisprudence, which is to remove the conflict between the legal texts, and in the most important book of Al-Babarti's books, your book, Al-Inayah Sharh Al-Hidayah (which is considered a book explaining another book), through the book of prayer, the results of the research were that the Imam, may God have mercy on him, followed the Hanafi approach in removing the conflict between the legal texts by presenting the abrogation, then the preference, and then the combination, and in doing so he differed from the approach of the majority in arranging the paths of removing the conflict between the legal texts, so we find that the Imam first works with abrogation, and if he does not find abrogation through knowing the history, he resorts to preference, and if he does not find preference between the texts through one of the methods of preference, he resorts to combining the legal texts, which had the largest share in removing the conflict between the texts and then the preference, while abrogation had the smallest share of it due to the ignorance of the history between the texts.

The most important thing related to mindfulness is the clarity of the individual\'s internal and external awareness. Awareness is the sense of the stimulus, including the five physical senses that work in the brain. It is the closest direct means of communicating with facts and events. When the stimulus is strong enough to capture attention, which appears to be an initial observation, the feeling shifts towards the stimulus. Social awareness is the awareness of others, which means arranging them in cultural categories that have meaning, with full awareness of their status and roles. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify mindfulness and social awareness among university students and the correlation between them. In order to verify this, the researcher adopted the mindfulness scale of (Abdullah 2012), which consists in its final form of (36) paragraphs, and each paragraph has five alternatives after the psychometric properties procedures according to the construction methodology and adopted the scale of (Al-Kanani, 2013), which consists of (32) paragraphs in its final form and the response to the scale consists of three choices. After the statistical procedures, the psychometric properties of the research sample (400) male and female students from the university who were randomly selected were calculated. After collecting the information and processing it statistically, the researcher reached the following results:
- University students enjoy alert mental awareness.
- University students enjoy a good level of social awareness.
- There is a positive and significant correlation between mindfulness and social awareness.
Based on the results of the current research, some recommendations and future proposals were reached.

Fragmentary forms of writing appeared falteringly in different historical periods within the fields of literary, critical, and philosophical writing. But it has become the choice of the current era "the speed era'' at the level of poetry and prose. This study aims to clarify the nature of each fragmentary forms, whether poetic or prose, and to clarify the boundaries between fragmentary forms in general, and between them and haiku poetry in particular, and that because of the great confusion that occurs between these forms, as some believe that they are all haiku, or a signature, or epigram… however, each one of them has an identity and specificity, even though they all came together under one name: fragmentary forms, and that because of all of these fragmentary forms are agreement in adopting the two characteristics of linguistic brevity and moral condensation. All similarities and differences between these forms will be explained in this research.

This research aims to: identify the listening skill level of students in Arabic language departments in colleges of education by achieving the objectives of identifying the listening skill of students in Arabic language departments at levels
The researcher built the tests (research tool) for the listening skill, after reviewing the literature and previous studies related to the types of skill, as they consisted of four levels: direct, deductive, critical, and appreciative. (23) skills emerged from the levels, then the researcher transformed the skills into questions and performance levels in a (multiple choice) test. A sample of (340) male and female students was chosen for the research, and the results of the research showed the following: There is a statistically significant difference in the listening skill as a main skill, and thus the significance was in favor of the hypothesized mean, which is the lowest acceptable level that students should possess The researcher concluded that the skill (listening) took the lead among the Arabic language skills, and he recommended: building standardized tests that measure the sub-skills students possess in listening.

Expression is the means of understanding between people, and the means of presenting their thoughts and feelings, and it is the goal that all subjects of the Arabic language aim at and seek to improve. There is no doubt that the finest type of expression is what
captivates the soul in the world of image and beauty and influences it. The creative word enchants the souls, and therefore it is called This type of expression is creative, as its goal is to accustom the student to speed in thinking and writing and how to confront written situations, and to write correctly about his feelings, feelings and thoughts in a clear, elegant, sublime and influential style in which imagination and creativity are expressed, in which the
individual reveals the linguistic and intellectual skills he possesses, and what is going on in his mind. His mind’s imagination, and the feelings, thoughts, and emotions that stir within his soul, in a style characterized by good coloring, beauty of expression, fluency of ideas, their flexibility, originality, and unleashing of literary imagination. Therefore, the current research shows that creative expression is one of the main methods in teaching the Arabic language, as it consisted The research consists of three axes. The first section dealt with the origins of expression and its status in relation to the Arabic language, its purpose, its relationship to the arts and branches of the Arabic language, its role in linguistic development and the goals of teaching it. The second section dealt with types of expression, expression between function and creativity, and creative expression. The other axis dealt with the foundations of teaching creative expression. Its conditions that must be .observed and its teaching skills

The Qur’an is the first source of Islam and the holiest book among Muslims، and it is the seal of the heavenly books. By it the prophecy of the Prophet (Muhammad، may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) is proven، and by it the argument is established for all people until the Day of Resurrection because it is the eternal miracle. Hence the importance of the Qur’an and the importance of knowing the rules of interpretation and knowing the reasons for revelation، Mecca and Medina. In order for the interpreter to be able to clarify and interpret the verses، It is obvious that if the goal is higher and the work is greater and nobler، then the path to achieving it is more difficult. then the path to achieving it is more difficult، and its conditions are more precise، and the goal of interpretation and the identification of its rules is Understanding the highest meanings of the Word of God، and the truths of His Book، the verses of which were established and then explained in detail by the Wise and All-Knowing One. Since it is a divine، moral light، no one can be enlightened by it except one who is sincere in his religion to God and whose heart is illuminated with the light of true belief and good deeds. Since He، the Almighty، emptied the Qur’an into the form of Arabic، then its understanding stops. On the knowledge and rules that pertain to it، and since God Almighty addressed the Qur’an to humanity in general، He built it on the methods of dialogue and common discourse between people. Accordingly، every interpreter must become familiar with these methods and their meanings، and since His verses were revealed in stars and by way of progression or progression over a period of twenty-three years. Or the duration of the noble message and in different circumstances and atmospheres from a place، time or special event first، and taking care of those incidents and occasions on which the verses and surahs were revealed.

Temporal Paradoxes) are of great importance to know the timeline of the narrative because time is what determines the events that occur in the past, present and future and is a sequential thread that determines the events, as it is the basic structure on which the techniques of retrieval and anticipation depend) The temporal oscillations that occur in the text from presentation and delay, and the writer can follow a straight line in the main chronological sequence in the construction of time, and is keen to place textual landmarks that help the reader to follow it, such as using time circumstances and references to specific dates in order to alert the reader that there are previous or subsequent events so that he can put them in their place in the chronological sequence of events.

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems facing the world and has become one of the greatest challenges humanity faces this century. This is due to its negative impact on a large number of countries, especially in areas affected by arid and semi-arid climatic conditions or even semi-humid regions. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the causes and factors behind this issue, showing that both natural and economic factors play a significant role in the emergence of this phenomenon. In Iraq, the area affected by desertification is 38.5%, while the area threatened by desertification amounts to 54.4% of Iraq's total area. The research problem lies in the development or increase of desertified areas and those threatened by desertification as a result of the negative impacts of natural and economic factors. Desertification warns us of many serious issues in the near and distant future, as it causes a significant decline in the number of date palms, which has decreased from about 30 million due to wars, water scarcity, agricultural diseases, and neglect, to around 12 million date palms.
The lack of organizational plans or government attention to mitigating the phenomenon of desertification has led to the deterioration, spread, and expansion of drought in very large areas in Anbar province.
It is expanding significantly in various directions, and thus this phenomenon has affected the environmental and economic situation in the study area. Here, the research aims to clarify the effects and the areas affected by desertification, their environmental impacts, and their economic effects in Iraq in general, and Al-Anbar Governorate in particular. It also seeks to provide solutions to address this phenomenon and mitigate this problem. Accordingly, the researcher has reached important conclusions, among which is the necessity of raising awareness among the local population and increasing attention from the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the National Center to develop organized plans to combat and address the phenomenon of desertification.

This study aims to explore the phonetic explanations provided by scholars of Tajwīd and Qur’ānic readings regarding the phenomena of al-rawm and al-ishmam, and to analyze them phonetically in light of modern phonetic studies, in order to show the extent of their correspondence with the findings of contemporary phoneticians. The importance of this research lies in the fact that classical Tajwīd studies, established by scholars of Qur’anic recitation, were not merely descriptive accounts of Qur’anic performance; rather, they offered explanations distinguished by high precision and based on a profound awareness of phonetic concepts in articulation, audition, and visual observation. Indeed, in many aspects, these explanations parallel what modern phoneticians have reached. This study focuses on analyzing the explanations of Tajwid and Qur’anic scholars concerning the concepts of al-rawm and al-ishmām, their conditions, functions, and manifestations, while comparing them with what is found in modern phonetic studies, in addition to the contributions of orientalists in phonetic research.

The world is witnessing rapid transformations in various fields, which necessitates that individuals, societies, and states think strategically in order to face challenges and seize available opportunities. Islam, in turn, offers a comprehensive vision of life that encompasses all its aspects, including future planning and wise decision-making. Accordingly, linking strategic thinking with Islamic thought represents an important endeavor for a deeper understanding of contemporary reality and for defining future pathways. Based on this perspective, this study aims to present an integrated vision of strategic thinking from an Islamic perspective, and to identify the tools and concepts that can be employed in formulating successful strategies to achieve comprehensive and sustainable development.