Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

Dairy manufacturers used unauthorized preservatives to overcome the reduction in
the quality of the products without taking into account damage to it and risks to human
health. The most dangerous additive is formalin. The objective of this study is to identify
the presence of formalin in the local and imported dairy products. Several samples were
collected from local markets in a total of seventy-six (milk, cheese and cream) and
underwent disclosed descriptive and qualitative process using concentrated sulfuric acid
allowing Hehner test. The results confirmed the presence of formalin using gas
chromatography mass spectrum technique. The results of qualitative analysis showed
30 sample of milk and cheese, were polluted with formalin using the above mentioned
technique.

The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique have been widely used in
engineering constructing evaluation. This technique was chosen to evaluate the concrete
and to determine the amount of rebars, detect the voids and cracks and thickness
measurement of concrete for many concrete structures. Two shielded antennas were
with center frequencies 1.6 and 1 GHz were used to collect the data. The survey was
carried out with grid, using hundred profiles. The study showed the ability of the GPR
technique to determine the amount of rebars, detect the voids and cracks and thickness
measurement of concrete.

Some inorganic additives used to work as alone or with synergistic effect to improve flame
retardant of low density Polyethylene with poly propylene as a blend with (1:1)both of
them have multipurpose uses .Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) used alone and with Silicon
Dioxide (SiO2) to make a polymer composite and used as substitute materials instead of
halogenic materials as flame retardant additives because halogenic materials generate poison
gases when it burns and make a hazard to health and environment like chlorides and bromides
gases while Mg(OH)2 and(SiO2) don't generate these gases. the success of these two
compounds by reliable methods to see how successful are these compounds to decrease the
flammability and these methods are (ASTM) , limiting oxygen index ,time of burning and
vertical flame. Mg(OH)2 used with deferent percentages (0.0,20,30,40 and 50%), the best
percentage was 50% while the best percentage was 45% Mg(OH)2 and 5% SiO2 as a synergistic
effect between the two additives.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas is one of greenhouse gases which is the main cause of
climate change phenomenon that are subject to be follow-up by the Framework
Convention on Climate Change as defined by the Kyoto Protocol. This research aims to
use geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the spatial analysis of CO2
emissions from Iraqi’s cement plants, and to study and evaluate the contribution of
Iraqi’s cement industry in the occurrence of the phenomenon of climate change in Iraq.
14 cement plants were selected to this study. These plants distributed in north, central
and south of Iraq, in order to calculate the concentrations of emissions of CO2. GIS was
used in the drawing of the maps for the spatial analysis of CO2 emission. It was shown
that CO2 emission from cement plants in the northern region was higher in comparison
with the middle euphrates region. This study encourage the other to do such researches
and studies on other national industries, which contributed of greenhouse gases in order
to develop a policy and a national strategy to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions in
Iraq

The functional response of the egg parasitoid Pseudoligosita babylonica Viggiani
(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to different densities of dubas bug Ommatissus
lybicus De berg. (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) eggs, was studied at 30±1°C temperature
and 70±5% relative humidity and 16L: 8D photoperiod. Results revealed that females of
this parasitoid have TypeШ functional response. Where, numbers of parasitized eggs was
low at low host densities of dubas bug eggs, after that increased as increasing in host egg
densities. Results also showed that attack rate (b) and handling time (Th) estimated by
Rogers's equation was 0.0035± 0.0006 day and 1.0733±0.0501 day, respectively. These
results indicated that the egg parasitoid P. babylonica considered as a direct density
dependent mortality factor for dubas bug eggs and has the ability to regulate the
population density of its host and has a significant impact in system stability .

The research was carried out on the olive trees cv. Napali twelve years old which
belong to the Ministry of Science and Technology during the growing seasons 2013 and
2014, The cytokinin CPPU was spraying in three concentrations 0 , 10 , 20 mg.l-1 twice
(1st April and 15th September) , adding seaweed fertilizer Acadian in two rates 10 , 20
ml.tree-1 in five intervals while adding mineral fertilizer NPK in two levels
N400:P266:K266 , N500:P333:K333 gm.tree-1 in two intervals on the 15thMarch and
15thAugust, in a factorial experiment within RCBD design, averages were compared by
less significant differance L.S.D.(05). The results showed that the seaweed fertilizer
treatment 20ml.tree-1 gave highest values of leaf area, volume of fruit and unsaturated
fatty acids, while the level 10 ml.tree-1 gave significant increasing in oil content and
saturated fatty acids. The mineral fertilizer at high level increased chlorophyll content
significantly. Cytokinin CPPU spraying in 20mg.l-1 gave highest of leaf area,
chlorophyll content and fruit volume while the concentration 10mg.l-1 increased oil
percentage and unsaturated fatty acid significantly. The interaction treatment F2C2
significantly superior in leaf area and fruit volume while chlorophyll content was
significantly increased by F4C2 treatment and oil percentage by F1C1 , saturated fatty
acid by F4C0 and unsaturated fatty acid by F2C1 treatment.

The aim of this study is to find the relationship between the oxidation-reduction potential
and Escherichia coli in drinking water in Baghdad city A synthetic water was prepare with
bacterial suspension without chlorine and finding the relationship between oxidation-reduction
potential and bacterial counts in this water and compare it with the relationship between counts
and polluted drinking water, then finding the relationship between dissolved oxygen and
oxidation-reduction potential and its effectiveness. A strong exponential relationship between
bacterial counts and oxidation-reduction potential in synthetic water as a bacterial suspension
found without chlorine with coefficient of determination (R2=0.9524). While polluted drinking
water showed strong logarithmic correlation with coefficient of determination(R2=0.9521). The
value of oxidation-reduction potential of disinfected drinking water without chlorine is (246
mV), a big part of this value is due to dissolved oxygen in water that showed a strong
logarithmic relationship dissolved oxygen with oxidation-reduction potential with coefficient
(R2=0.9643).

Samples of fishes were collected near Al-Zabh port for exporting oil in Repoplic of
Yemen, the type of Fishes wer Epinephelus arreolatus ,Sardinella longiceps , Blutyaees
glcgotgippus ,Euthynnus affinis , Elagatis bipnnulate , Carcharhinus wheeleri ,
Aetomylaeus nichofii , Panulirus longiceps Rastrelliger kanagurta , Thunnus tonggol
, Arius thalssinus with 25 speciements for each type. The measuring of heavy metals
(Lead, mercury and cadmium) in different fishes were done. The results showed that
values within national and international standerd for lead and ranged between 0.062 and
0.347 ppm and for mercury between 0.006 and 0.099 ppm , while for cadmium exceeded
the globally allowable limite in all study fish and ranged between 0.11- 1.74 ppm except
Elhamor Epinephelus arreolatus (0.06 ppm) and Elzainob Thunnus tonggol (0.009 ppm).
The petroleum activities in the AL-Zabh Port had a marked effect on increasing cadmium
content in meat of catch and canned fish

This study was initiated to assess bio-agent Trichoderma viride and Beltanol fungicide
activities against Rhizoctonia solani .Two of R. solani isolates referred to as RS1 and
RS2 were isolated from infected tomato seedling grown in nurseries of two places.
Pathogenicity test were performed on tomato seeds and seedling grown in potato dextrose
ager (PDA) medium and contaminated soil respectively. Results revealed that RS1
affected tomato seed higher than RS2 compared fto the control treatment. Results also
showed that tomato seeds germination rate was significantly lower at level) P ( 1 19 > after
10 and 30 days from sowing compared to the control treatment. Based on Bell\'s grading
system , T. viride showed two grade level of antagonism against R. solani on PDA
medium culture, whereas Beltanol(200ppm) inhibited R. solani completely.
Beltanol(500ppm) and T. viride loaded sorghum grains and wheat husks (2g/kg soil)
treatments applied to R. solani contaminated soil showed significant decrease (P ( 1 19
>in the incidence of the fungus infection compared to the control treatment R. solani

Is Radioactive Waste (RW) is main Issue of Decommissioning Fuel Fabrication
Facility (FFF). The whole FFF floor area is 32000m2 with 2520m2 area of contaminated
floors with Uranium Oxides. There are three types of floor surfaces concrete, soil and
asphalt paved. Volumes, weights and activity of RW were estimated through detailed
radiological characterization for FFF floors , The surface free releases limit is 0.4Bq/cm2
.Total estimated RW weight in tons were 307.9, 159.1 and 50.7 for surface contamination
of (>0.4), (>1.0) and (>4.0) limits in Bq/cm2 unit respectively. Limits of 0.4, 1.0, 4.0 and
32.0 in Bq/cm2, made 3 layers of contaminated floors, which generate three types of RW.
RW activity concentration in Bq/g, for each layer, were 27.0, 3.75 and 1.05 for soil, then
43.2, 6.0 and 1.68 for concrete. Total RW activity in MBq were 223.536, 204.234 and
155.471 for surface contamination criteria (>0.4), (>1.0) and (>4.0) limits respectively in
Bq/cm2. Estimation results show that, using Surface contamination of limit 4.0 Bq/cm2
will minimize RW weight to 16.5% with total activity of 70% than RW generated by 0.4
limit. Other free release and restricted limits could be adopted with relevant scenario to
estimate accumulated annual Dose-rate.

This paper presents a visual basic program (HPVSD) for designing and calculating
hybrid photovoltaic systems which is compatible with the Iraqi conditions
) meteorological, specified design requirements and availability of components in local
market) as an improvement to the recently designed Off-Grid Photovoltaic System
Design Software (PVSD). This program (HPVSD) contains the options of designing
hybrid systems using photovoltaic modules and other sources of energy like wind or grid
energy as percentage sharing to generate the required energy per day for the load. This
design program includes all the electrical calculations which are needed to design and
select the components of system with the specified conditions, the program contains all
available components in the local market and it is easy to use, with the ability to print out
a full design document including all system components with its specifications. (HPVSD)
has been tested and verified through a real project designed and evaluated at the Ministry
of Science and Technology.