Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

The current study includes applying 2D Azimuthal resistivity imaging using
Wenner configuration in the area which located in Babylon, between longitudes (44 ˚25\'
2\"- 44 ˚25\' 5.3\") and latitudes (32 ˚27\' 12.8\"- 32 ˚27\' 15.5\").
ABEM Terrameter LS used for data collection. The survey design based on
choosing the electrode configuration taking into account available information about the
site and the advantages of the ERI technique. 2D electrical resistivity imaging sections
have been obtained. The data analysis comprises of 2D inversions using the RES2DINV
software. The measurements conducted with total length 80 meters to give the possibility
depth to study surface changes in values of resistivity and to determine the direction of
subsurface flow for contaminated water along 4 tracks at 45°.
It was noted that the major quantitative of contaminated water moving toward the
south-west, while it is found that there isn’t any movement in other direction .It is found
that 2D Azimuthal resistivity imaging is an effective tool for detecting the movement
direction of groundwater contamination.

The current study includes applying 2D Azimuthal resistivity imaging using
Wenner configuration in the area which located in Babylon, between longitudes (44 ˚25\'
2\"- 44 ˚25\' 5.3\") and latitudes (32 ˚27\' 12.8\"- 32 ˚27\' 15.5\").
ABEM Terrameter LS used for data collection. The survey design based on
choosing the electrode configuration taking into account available information about the
site and the advantages of the ERI technique. 2D electrical resistivity imaging sections
have been obtained. The data analysis comprises of 2D inversions using the RES2DINV
software. The measurements conducted with total length 80 meters to give the possibility
depth to study surface changes in values of resistivity and to determine the direction of
subsurface flow for contaminated water along 4 tracks at 45°.
It was noted that the major quantitative of contaminated water moving toward the
south-west, while it is found that there isn’t any movement in other direction .It is found
that 2D Azimuthal resistivity imaging is an effective tool for detecting the movement
direction of groundwater contamination.

Recently with the start of the third millennium as a growing demand for sensor systems,
especially in the field of oil reservoir evaluation (size of oil reservoir, amount of hydrocarbons,
determine the internal pressure and the temperature of the reservoir,… etc) allowing for the
professionals the best method for dealing future with it by being injected within the reservoir, as
well as the use of these sensors in the field of drilling of oil wells, petrochemical industries and
to identify the size of the content of the groundwater in the desert areas, thus contribute to the
future planning for the development and exploitation of these spaces where devices are high
sensitivity and effective in terms of accuracy and low-cost relatively. In this research
mathematical model was biulded to describe the variables that accompany injection cells sensor
which made of carbon nanotubes into the oil reservoir at a depth of more than 11 thousand feet to
illustrate the impact of changing pressure and temperature growing (pressure 239 MPa and
temperature 433 K) to predict mechanical and thermal stresses that cells sensor expose to inside
the reservoir using ANSYS Software. The results have been Proved that affordability cell sensor
manufactured from carbon nanotubes for harsh reservoir conditions compared with traditional
sensors.

Glucose and fructose sugar concentrate from dates was obtained by using acid
technique, The product had a bright yellow clear color, odorless and free from undesired
taste (except sugar taste) with a quantity reached more than 60% from date weight (70
brix) on dry basis. It was found that the most suitable pH-number for the precipitation
of protein and hydrolysis of pectin was between 2-3.5 and a decrease in turbidity was
observed from 0.719 (unclarified date juice pH=5.3) to 0.024 (clarified date juice
pH=3.5) with an obviously improvement in juice color intensity from 8515 ICUMSA
(unclarified date juice pH=5.3) to 1450 ICUMSA (clarified date juice pH=3.5).
Calcium oxide and sulphuric acid were used in other experiments to neutralize the pH
number for the juice before filtration and separation of pectin and protein. Cation and
anion exchange resins in addition to an adsorbent resin were used to clarify and bleach
date juice.

Glucose and fructose sugar concentrate from dates was obtained by using acid
technique, The product had a bright yellow clear color, odorless and free from undesired
taste (except sugar taste) with a quantity reached more than 60% from date weight (70
brix) on dry basis. It was found that the most suitable pH-number for the precipitation
of protein and hydrolysis of pectin was between 2-3.5 and a decrease in turbidity was
observed from 0.719 (unclarified date juice pH=5.3) to 0.024 (clarified date juice
pH=3.5) with an obviously improvement in juice color intensity from 8515 ICUMSA
(unclarified date juice pH=5.3) to 1450 ICUMSA (clarified date juice pH=3.5).
Calcium oxide and sulphuric acid were used in other experiments to neutralize the pH
number for the juice before filtration and separation of pectin and protein. Cation and
anion exchange resins in addition to an adsorbent resin were used to clarify and bleach
date juice.

Field experiment was undertaken in private field in Al-Latifyah area 40 km south
50 east Baghdad in loam soil during autumn season of 2009 to study the effect of adding
of 33% of each decomposed organic wastes of cattle, sheep and poultry and 0, 50 1-ton.ha
and 100% of potato recommended mineral fertilizer of 240:120:400 ( N:P:K) and two
water ) on tuber yield and Fe, Zn 1-times spraying with ( 50 mg Zn + 75 mg Fe L
concentration in potato plant leaves. The results showed a superiority of interactive
effect of 33% of each cattle, sheep and poultry decomposed waste with adding 100%
recommended mineral fertilizer and spraying potato plant two times with 50 mg Zn +
and highest 1-100 mg Fe in obtaining the highest potato tuber yield which was 58.95 ton.ha
dry matter, However the same 1-Zn concentration in potato leaves which 43.00 mg Zn.Kg
interactive treatment but with 50% of recommended mineral fertilizer for potato gave the
dry matter. 1-highest Fe concentration in potato leaves wh

A study on the radio sensitivity of Sitotroga cerealella eggs to UV rays was carried
out using two wave length, the results showed that the wave length of 312 nm has more
effect on the biological parameters of the grain moth than the wave length of 365 nm .
The study showed that the eggs of two days old was more sensitive to the UV-rays than
the other insect stages . Furthermore, there was an effect of the UV rays on the egg hatch
ime of 7.5 min 0.21 at the exposure t + percentage and the egg hatch percentage was 0.333
for the wave length of 312 nm . The UV rays also effected the rate of emergence of the
adults which was reduced to 0.00% for males and females at the time of exposure of 5
min . Moreover , the UV rays appeared to affect the males & females
longevity.

A study on the radio sensitivity of Sitotroga cerealella eggs to UV rays was carried
out using two wave length, the results showed that the wave length of 312 nm has more
effect on the biological parameters of the grain moth than the wave length of 365 nm .
The study showed that the eggs of two days old was more sensitive to the UV-rays than
the other insect stages . Furthermore, there was an effect of the UV rays on the egg hatch
ime of 7.5 min 0.21 at the exposure t + percentage and the egg hatch percentage was 0.333
for the wave length of 312 nm . The UV rays also effected the rate of emergence of the
adults which was reduced to 0.00% for males and females at the time of exposure of 5
min . Moreover , the UV rays appeared to affect the males & females
longevity

In general, lubricating oils consist base oil and chemical additives, which are working to
prolong the time of use, improve the performance of oil in severe conditions, and keep the
machine clean. These oils lose ability to lubricate during use because of exposure to internal and
external pollutants, which requires replacement oil and disposal of used oil, which is one of the
dangerous pollutants to the environment. The current research aims to purify and re-refine used
lubricating oil using different processing methods, which include (vacuum distillation, acid /
bentonite, distillation / bentonite, and acid/distillation treatments).
Physical properties were studied for the treated oils, which include viscosity at 40 ºC, specific
gravity at 20 ºC, flash point, pour point, and ash content in accordance with the American
Standard Test Materials. Also chemical properties of the treated oils were studied which
includes the total acid number and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that all treatment
methods were worked to improve the physical properties of oils as compared with the used oils,
but the best results were obtained using (acid/ bentonite) treatment method as compared with
the specifications of the fresh oil. FTIR analysis of treated oils showed that different results in
the removal of pollutants, which include carbon particles, water and organometallic compounds
such as compounds of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, but it was found that (acid/ bentonite)
treatment is the best method as compared with the spectrum of the fresh oil.

Several methodologies exist for spatial interpolation of climate and weather
parameters, among them is the inverse distance weighting. In this paper, the Inverse
Distance Weighting (IDW) method was used to estimate the rainfall distribution in Iraq.
The relationship between interpolation accuracy and two critical parameters of IDW
were evaluated: these were power and a radius of influence (search radius). A total of 24
rainfall stations and rainfall data between 2003 and 2013 were used in this paper. Real
data, obtained from Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology, are used for
evaluation. The results showed that these parameters have a great effect on the produced
rainfall maps. The maps are produced for p= 1.5 and p=2.0 and were having profound
effect of smoothing. The results present samples of maps for months January, October,
and December for the years 2004, 2012, and 2013 within the period of the data

Several methodologies exist for spatial interpolation of climate and weather
parameters, among them is the inverse distance weighting. In this paper, the Inverse
Distance Weighting (IDW) method was used to estimate the rainfall distribution in Iraq.
The relationship between interpolation accuracy and two critical parameters of IDW
were evaluated: these were power and a radius of influence (search radius). A total of 24
rainfall stations and rainfall data between 2003 and 2013 were used in this paper. Real
data, obtained from Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology, are used for
evaluation. The results showed that these parameters have a great effect on the produced
rainfall maps. The maps are produced for p= 1.5 and p=2.0 and were having profound
effect of smoothing. The results present samples of maps for months January, October,
and December for the years 2004, 2012, and 2013 within the period of the data.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding different level of
commercial dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in three different concentrations with
three treatments T1 (0%), T2 (3%), and T3 (7%) on growth performance of common
carp Cyprinus carpio L., the trail was conducted for 56 days and by using 200
fingerlings common carp with mean initial weight (46g). Fish were acclimated to
concrete ponds belongs to department of Animal Sources/ College of Agriculture/
University of Duhok. Fish were fed with control pellets (31% protein) prior to the
feeding trials for 21 days. There was significant differences in the final weight attained
by common carp at all levels of dry yeast incorporation as compared to the control diet.
However, the addition of 7% dry yeast resulted in significantly increase in fish specific
and relative growth rate.