The White Dome Journal

Abstract:
This study aims to examine the intellectual and theological transformations of the Murji'ah sect between the first and third centuries AH. It traces the group's emergence within the context of the early Islamic civil strife and analyzes the evolution of their views on faith and deeds. The research highlights the distinction between Political Irjāʼ and Theological Irjāʼ, and explores the development of the Murji'ah from a reactive political stance to a structured doctrinal system within Islamic thought. Employing a historical-analytical approach, the study draws upon classical sources on Islamic sects and early theology to uncover the intellectual and social dynamics that shaped the formation of the Murji'ah ideology during this formative period.

Abstract
This study explores the complex relationship between the classroom environment and assessment outcomes in English language teaching in Iraqi secondary schools. It focuses on three major dimensions of the classroom environment: physical, psychological, and social, and how each of these factors contributes to students’ performance in both formative and summative assessments. The research adopts a field-based design, collecting data from a sample of secondary schools in Baghdad through classroom observations, teacher questionnaires, and student surveys.
The findings indicate that the psychological climate of the classroom—particularly teacher support, encouragement, and students’ sense of motivation and confidence—emerges as the strongest predictor of successful assessment outcomes. Social interactions among peers, including collaborative learning and positive classroom relationships, also show a significant impact on students’ achievement. Meanwhile, physical aspects of the classroom, such as seating arrangements, availability of resources, lighting, and noise levels, contribute to performance but with a relatively moderate influence compared to the psychological and social dimensions.
These results underscore the importance of viewing assessment outcomes not solely as reflections of instructional strategies or student ability, but also as products of a broader learning environment. The study suggests that improvements in classroom climate—ranging from supportive teacher–student relationships to well-structured peer collaboration—are essential for enhancing English language learning outcomes. Furthermore, attention to physical infrastructure remains important, though its role is secondary to the social and psychological context. The research offers valuable implications for teachers, administrators, and policymakers in Iraq who aim to foster more effective and equitable assessment practices in secondary education.

Abstract :
This study aims to examine the effect of the analytical thinking strategy on the academic achievement of students in the Technical Education Department in the subject of Technical Arts . The research sample consisted of 70 students from the first stage of the department . To measure the dependent variable, the researcher designed an achievement test comprising 35 multiple – choice questions . The findings revealed a significant impact of the analytical thinking strategy on the mean scores in favor of the experimental group compared to the control group .

The research aims to:
1. Identify the negotiation behavior of educational counselors in middle schools.
2. Identify the significance of differences in negotiation behavior among educational counselors in middle schools according to the variables (gender and age). The research is limited to educational counselors in middle schools for the academic year (2024-2025). The research sample is limited to (120 male and female guides were selected randomly. As for the research tool, the researcher built a scale for negotiation behavior consisting of (30 paragraphs) distributed over five areas: the area of experience and (5) paragraphs, the area of self-confidence (8) paragraphs, the area of social interaction (6) paragraphs, the area of credibility (6) paragraphs, and the area of attractiveness (5) paragraphs Five alternatives were placed in front of each paragraph, which are (always applies to me, often applies to me, sometimes applies to me, rarely applies to me, never applies to me). Weights were given to the alternatives, which are (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) for the scale paragraphs, where the highest degree for negotiation behavior reached (150) degrees and the lowest degree (30). The researcher used statistical methods. The occasion to verify the validity and statistical analysis of the scale items represented by calculating the discriminatory power and the relationship of the item score to the total score of the scale and the relationship of the item score to the field. The reliability of the scale was also extracted by many methods, including the Cronbach’s alpha method (0.88), the split-half method (0.67), and it reached (0.85) after correction, and the retest method. Test (0.86) In light of the research results, the researcher concluded that educational counselors in middle schools have negotiating behavior and that (males) have a higher level of negotiating behavior than (females) and there are no statistically significant differences according to the variable (age) in negotiating behavior. In light of this, the researcher put forward a set of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:
This research aims to analyze Shaykh al-Ṭūsī’s methodology in weakening narrators (al-ruwāt al-ḍuʿafāʾ) in his book al-Istibṣār fīmā ikhtulifa min al-akhbār, which is considered one of the most significant hadith and biographical sources in the Imāmī (Shiʿi) tradition, The study is divided into three main sections: The first explores the biography and scholarly life of Shaykh al-Ṭūsī and highlights the structure and significance of al-Istibṣār, The second examines the reasons and principles behind al-Ṭūsī’s judgments of weakness, focusing on his methodological foundations in al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (criticism and accreditation), The third provides a case-based analysis of narrators weakened by al-Ṭūsī-such as ʿAmmār al-Sābāṭī, Abū Khadīja, and Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Baqbāq-along with an examination of their transmitted traditions, The research adopts an analytical, inductive, and comparative methodology, combining textual study of narrations with critical comparison of biographical evaluations by scholars such as al-Najāshī, al-Kashshī, al-Ṭūsī, al-Barqī, and al-Khūʾī, while ensuring precise documentation of all sources, The study concludes that al-Ṭūsī’s concept of weakness is methodological rather than personal; his evaluation was primarily directed at the coherence of the narration rather than the moral integrity of the narrator himself، This indicates an advanced level of critical analysis in his approach to hadith and rijāl sciences, Ultimately, the research asserts that Shaykh al-Ṭūsī’s methodology represents the foundation of the analytical school in Shiʿi isnād criticism, and that re-examining his approach opens new horizons for understanding the epistemological structure of biographical and hadith scholarship in the Islamic intellectual heritage.