journal of kufa studies center

The study aims to test the relationship between the behavioral engineering model and cultural competency in tourism companies in Najaf.
The study targeted the comprehensive inventory method on the study population represented by the managers and officials of tourism companies and their assistants, where (111) questionnaires were distributed and after sorting and auditing the data, it was found that the valid questionnaires are (95) out of (101) retrieved questionnaires, and they were analyzed according to the structural equation modeling method / least squares method.
The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of an impact and correlation between the behavior engineering model and cultural competence .

The role of the Secretary-General in the United Nations body includes a set of roles, on the one hand, he is the head of the General Secretariat in the Commission and the anchor of its main organs, and on the other hand, he is the most senior administrative officer in the Commission, the spokesman for the peoples, the official bearer of the United Nations and its de facto leader.
The role of the Secretary-General includes in managing and following up its activities within the framework of its undersecretaries and deputies who perform the tasks entrusted to them by the Secretary-General in following up the work of bodies and agencies affiliated to the international organization in their activities. Task Management in the Authority.

The formation of political institutions is one of the most important pillars on which the building of the modern state is based, and the right to vote is the backbone of democratic construction, in addition to other principles that derive their importance mainly from the principle of election, namely, human rights, such as the right to nominate, the right to vote, the popular referendum, public voting, multiplicity of candidates, majority rule, respect for minority rights, women\'s rights, children\'s rights, citizenship, the rule of law, good governance, the supremacy of the constitution and its highness, multi-partyism, the independence of the judiciary, the separation of powers, and cooperation between powers, and the equitable distribution of power.
Building a participatory national political culture based on democracy, respect for human rights and the integration of population elements into one crucible without affecting the fundamental foundations of subcultures and respect for the rights and identity of those cultures is an essential indicator of achieving national unity and the foundations of human rights.

This research delves into the study of free poetry, which was a major phenomenon in Arabic poetry, and has led to its prominence, including the mixing of Arabs with the West, the poets' despair of the ruling regimes, and the burden of old poetry with contents that are no longer required, such as praise and satire. Free poetry was accompanied by a blur that produced a disorder in its naming between the poetry that was sent, the starting point, or the poem of activation, and then the poets settled on the poems with a weight without rhyme. Communication, and ending a critical issue that was prevalent in Arabic poetry is the issue of inclusion, which is a weakness in the poet who completes his house in the next stanza!
Because free poetry is limited to the poetic line based on activation, he sacrificed weights with mixed activations and kept the weights with pure activations by virtue of the poetic line, which made it imperative for the poet to commit to pure activation. The research yielded important results, including that free poetry introduced new contents that did not exist in traditional poetry.

The term "succession" was used by the modernists on a very narrow scale that did not take into account the innovative idiomatic connotation of the concept of succession on which this research was based, and its meaning is based on the linguistic origin (tala), which is a past verb in the sense of following, and in this research it means the sequence of methods, structures, and words to express and confirm one or similar meanings and to confirm their importance and the necessity of conveying them indirectly as a kind of discourse policy or strategies.
Imam Ali (AS) was known for his genius of eloquence and eloquence, especially in speech, so researchers in semantics turned to his various sermons to find in them everything that the researcher aspires to in modern semantics from the diversity of direct and indirect discourse strategies, including the semantic sequence, which is the subject of the research.

The research aims to reveal the positions of the coalition and the difference between these two great commentators, Abu Abdullah al-Razi and Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, in the verses in which the Baath and the Prophethood are mentioned.
The research was divided into nine paragraphs, each of which dealt with one of the verses that specialized in talking about resurrection and prophecy. The researcher relied on the analytical method in reading texts and revealing the places of creativity in the structure of the text and the way of expressing meanings with high artistry.
The researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which is that the texts of the study sample proved, through the adoption of some linguistic methods and formal formulations, that crowding is a given fact and a matter of course, with the fact that it is one of the unseen that has been confronted with rejection, rejection, doubt and denial, and that the Holy Quran has spoken of many ways and methods of crowding and shocking horrific scenes, in order to create an emotional effect on the recipient's soul to achieve the required response of review, consideration, reflection and correction of belief or behavior.

Linguistic dictionaries are the refuge to which the learner rushes to any word as he forms its meaning on him, and the words of the dictionary are a silent word that is fixed in definition by the people of linguistic evidence, and the dictionary is used to know the meaning of that word or context, and it is not enough to rely on the dictionary in defining the verbal connotation, as it provides us with a presumption that does not replace the presumption of the maqam presumption, in addition to the so-called complete synonym between the words and other semantic relations. The research aims to know the effect of the context in clarifying the meanings of words in the interpretation of the optimal in the book of God the House , and the importance of the research comes from the effect of the context in clarifying the meanings of the vocabulary in the interpretation of the optimal, and it also comes from the words giving meanings and connotations to the extent that they are available from the uses and the frequent use leads to the creation of new words and connotations, and the stimulus that highlights its effect in revealing the intended meaning remains the context. Clarifying the meanings of words in the interpretation of the optim? The research reached many results that were recorded at the end of the research.

Education is one of the basic and important aspects that indicate the development and progress of society in any country, some academic studies have dealt with government education throughout Iraq, and in some of its cities, because of the importance of the subject as it is an important pillar that indicates the extent to which the correct foundations are built for a developed, civilized and conscious society that produces generations with high mental abilities that contribute to the development and building of society.
In our study, we tried to develop detailed pictures of the educational reality of the city of Najaf during the period (1946-1958).

The study aims to shed light on one of the main important topics in banking activity, namely the capital structure as the main engine of banks' work, and consequently the lack of proper provision of banking services and as a result, negatively affects the banks' credit capacity, and the study adopted the annual reports of banks published in the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period (2006-2020), and included 10 commercial banks out of (24), and the method of cross-sectional data analysis (Panel Data) was used through the (EViews v.12) As well as the Excel program.
The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant impact relationship between the rigidity of the capital structure and the ratio of total loans and advances to deposits, the recommendations of the study came to the necessity of banks marketing the services provided to attract deposits, as well as adhering to the laws and legislation issued by the monetary authorities and relying on various sources to finance their capital structure.

The religious tourism center of the city of Samarra is one of the most important pillars of religious tourism, which has been and continues to be one of the most important tourist attractions in attracting tourists from different parts of the world, so the research started from the idea that the religious tourism center in the holy city of Samarra is one of the best sites that can be developed if it is optimally invested, which ultimately leads to achieving sustainable development that is reflected on the members of the community from the employment of the workforce and the elimination of the unemployment and the provision of hard currency, especially if tourism plans are made for religious attraction sites, so religious tourism can be taken care of as it represents an economic resource through which the financial deficit that the state is currently suffering from can be filled.

The international character of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers makes the exploitation of their waters subject to several basic principles that are binding on the countries participating in the international riverbed, the most important of which are justice in the distribution of water, the joint use of water, cooperation in the development of its resources, and the observance of the acquired rights of the quantities of water for each country.. In order to confront this arbitrary water policy, which violates the rules of international law regarding the exploitation of the waters of international rivers, it requires taking several legal, diplomatic and political measures, exploiting all files and common ties with those countries, opening direct negotiations with them, as well as presenting the issue of the dispute to international organizations, in order to reach final solutions that guarantee the right of each country to the waters of the two mentioned rivers.

International commercial arbitration is one of the international foundations that grant substantive judgments their legal character, as with the development of international trade, it has become an effective tool in resolving disputes of international commercial contracts, and for arbitration to achieve the hope of those dealing in this field of international trade, it must distance them from national laws, and the most appropriate solutions that meet their welcome is the application of what they are familiar with of the objective provisions represented by the customs and customs of each commercial profession, and this requires an effort from the arbitrator to make an effort to issue his judgment and to issue the arbitral award based on these Substantive rulings have earned them their legal status, so they become applicable to the rule and can be relied upon by subsequent arbitral decisions .

The research seeks to approach the Sino-American rivalry by identifying the nature of this rivalry, examining its levels and its impact on the balance of international powers and the stability of the international system, and the research path was determined by studying the Ukrainian-Russian war as a practical and applied model of Sino-American rivalry at the international level and its impact on the rearrangement of powers between countries. Hence, the problem of the study revolves around a key question: What are the levels, indicators, and mechanisms of Sino-American competition in the international system, and what is the impact of this competition on the stability of the international system, and how can this competition be approached through Russia's war on Ukraine? The Russia-Ukraine crisis revealed the nature of the cautious rivalry between China and the United States, and each side sought to exploit the crisis to its advantage, while China sought to fortify its international position, strengthen its alliances, and lay the foundations for a new international order in which it would have Making a greater contribution, the United States has tried to counter Chinese expansion and counter Russia by mobilizing European financial, intelligence, logistical and military support for Ukraine through NATO.

Development is one of the most important challenges in modern society that has captured the attention of governments, intellectuals and specialists alike, through which they try to escape the cycle of backwardness that they are going through, especially in third world countries, in order to have a better future and achieve their aspirations through systematic planning that uses the available material and human resources as much as possible. A planned transformation in the ways of working, thinking and producing things can be brought about at all levels of society, including at the level international and local, by encouraging cooperation and participation. Our study (Najaf Al-Ashraf International Airport and its impact on achieving social development in the city of Najaf for the period (2011-2021) focused on the extent of the impact of Najaf Al-Ashraf International Airport economically and socially on the international city of Najaf and its residents at the private level.

The research aimed to reveal the extent to which the content of the physics subject for the first and second grades included an intermediate for lateral thinking skills, and the researchers adopted the methods of content analysis and educational survey, and the tool of lateral thinking skills was built, which consists of five skills, and under each skill a set of indicators is indicative of it, and the analysis tool was presented to a group of experts and arbitrators in the field of methods of teaching science, educational psychology, measurement and evaluation to verify the validity of the indicators and to ensure that its paragraphs match what it was prepared for, and thus it was formed The tool in its final form consists of (39) indicators distributed over five skills, (generating new perceptions, generating new concepts, generating new ideas, generating new alternatives, generating new creations), then the researchers analyzed the content of the science textbooks for the first and second grade of intermediate for the academic year (2021-2022) in the light of the indicators based on the idea (explicit and implicit), and applied the scale to the research sample of (100) teachers and schools, which were randomly selected from the schools of the governorate center and the schools of the districts of Afak, Al-Budair and the district of Nefar.

The research dealt with internal control in accordance with the law of the irregular governorates in the region 21/2008 as amended and the procedures carried out by the Department of Administrative and Financial Affairs in Najaf Governorate, as the research problem was the novelty of this subject and the lack of research regarding the evaluation of internal control after the entry into force of the law of the irregular governorates in the region No. 21/of 2008 as amended, and the need to increase the effective internal control procedures to keep pace with these developments and the application of the latest control methods to provide accurate information and the time required for financial statements and reports.
The research sample was selected in the Administrative and Financial Department in Najaf Governorate with the aim of reaching a good level in its performance, as it is one of the newly formed units with a very large cadre, and the research aims to evaluate the internal control procedures in the local administrations in force and ensure compliance with the policies and procedures taken after the application of the law of the provinces not related to the region.

The purpose of the study is to contribute to reducing the knowledge gap between the variables of organizational forces and group dynamics, using the survey method, starting with the basic idea that the organizational forces of the activities of the Department of Internal Departments Affairs at the University of Kufa are the main factor that affects the group dynamics (students of internal departments), and to this end, the researcher relied mainly on the questionnaire that surveyed the opinions of a number of students of internal departments at the University of Kufa using the random sample method. The sample size was (120) students, and the number of questionnaires retrieved was (119), all of which were valid for statistical analysis analyzed by the statistical program (SPSS 21). The results of the statistical analysis showed the prevalence of variables (organizational forces and group dynamics) in the internal departments affairs section under study, and the results of the analysis showed that there is a direct and important relationship between the variables, as well as the direct impact of organizational forces on the group's dynamics.

The major powers, led by the United States of America, Russia, and China, in addition to other countries, are competing for the Arctic region as it has become a promising economic region because of the riches it abounds in, as the huge quantities of oil and gas, in addition to the ambition of these countries to continue developing their resources in the Arctic, have led to the increasing interest towards the existence of competitive relations between international powers, so that competition in this region has become a reality.

One of the main important effects and repercussions that resulted from the American entry into Iraq in 2003 was the change in the structure and features of the political system and the transition of the nature of government in it from a totalitarian and authoritarian system of government, to a system of parliamentary and federal pluralism in which power is transferred on a peaceful basis, and which derives its legitimacy from the authority of the people through free and fair elections. Supporting institutions, organizations, forces and trends working at such a level.

The distribution of services in the city of Kufa has been distributed in a way that is not proportional to the distribution of its inhabitants according to the urban structure of the city and its residential neighborhoods, as it is necessary to determine the requirements of recreational services, which are represented in public parks, cafes, and green areas, and services are distributed within the residential areas that benefit children in the first place and who frequent them daily, so it is necessary to establish and distribute playgrounds, public parks and other services according to the population of those areas, as well as these services must be considered and invested in a correct way that serves The people of the city because of its impact on attracting tourists, and this planning must be in line with the prevailing natural reality in the city and the distribution of its services according to the residents of those areas.