journal of kufa studies center

This research aims to identify the theoretical features and the applied proposal in the teaching of the Arabic language, in terms of identifying its historical origins and its theoretical and cognitive dimensions, as well as its applied dimensions with its levels of levels and measuring its performance in the textual application – a proposed procedure – in this research...
In light of the direction of the research objective, this research is defined by two topics: the first topic deals with the theoretical and cognitive dimension of stylistic, and the second topic examines the applied dimension of stylistics in Arabic language teaching.

In this research, we have shed light on the religious and heritage contents of the book The Flags of Málaga, which is one of the very important books, as it presents the biography of the writers in Málaga in the country of Andalusia, and it is a literary source with its historical status, and contains translations of 174 writers from the flags of Malaga, and this book is unique in the biography and translations of those who do not exist in other books, as well as additional information for translations mentioned in other books, and it contains the biography of the caliphs, writers, jurists, poets and other people of Málaga and those who were involved in it. It also contained prose texts, poetic poems, passages, and plucks that do not exist in other sources.
In the first section, we dealt with the examples that were characterized by religious contents, which are very numerous, due to the interest of the flags of Málaga in the religious aspect, and in the second topic, we proved the role of the flags of Málaga in their interest in the perpetuation of heritage, by including verses from poets of different eras that preceded them, and by preserving the authentic heritage contents that are familiar to them, which revitalize the heritage of all kinds.

The Old Babylonian Era (2004-1594 BC) is one of the important stations that Mesopotamia passed through, as its importance is highlighted through the valuable information that revealed the history and civilization of the country, and this information was based on archaeological surveys and excavations in several sites, including Tel Abu Antik, the subject of the study, where the excavations revealed architectural monuments, including administrative buildings, temples, and residential houses, and archaeological finds, including a group of pottery, which is the focus of the study, which provided us with important information about the daily life of that community through The study of decorative inscriptions that can be relied on to know many things and the extent of the development of society and the purpose of making them in different forms due to the need of human beings in daily life, such as for preparing food and preserving liquids and oils, and others.

The purpose of this research is to clarify and clarify the term conflict and its concept in language and terminology, while addressing the most important concepts similar and approaching it. This research also showed the meaning and concept of international conflict, what are the actors that manage it, and what are the most important reasons on which this type of conflict is based, foremost of which is the conflict over natural resources and ethnic conflicts. This research also clarified the geographical and demographic importance of the Caucasus region and its distinguished location in terms of communication and interaction between countries, so that it became the strategic bridge between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and this study divided the region into two parts, north and south, and then showed the strategic importance of the countries of the South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan).

It seeks to analyze the indicators of operational efficiency represented by (Return on Equity Index, Return on Assets Index, Equity Multiplier Index or Leverage Index, Asset Utility Index, Profit Margin Index). The problem of the study is the following question: "What is the operational efficiency of Iraqi banks? To answer this question, the study tested a sample of Iraqi banks consisting of three banks (the National Bank of Iraq, the Commercial Bay, and the United Investment Company) for the period (2016-2020) using the financial data published on the websites of the Securities Commission, which is subject to the supervision of the Central Bank of Iraq.
The study concluded that the results of the operational efficiency indicators were stable during the historical years from (2015) to (2020) for Iraqi banks at the level (Level) ) and also when taking the first differences.

The last decade of the twentieth century saw great interest in Poisson's models, which are one of the counting models that treat the intermittent variable as a dependent variable. Researchers have faced a number of challenges in applying this model to the real-world data. Some of the data showed high heterogeneity, which caused the problem of hyperdispersion. I propose the Poisson-like model and the negative binomial model as alternative models to the Poisson model, with the problem of hyperdispersion.
The research sought to study the comparison between the complete Poisson model and the Poisson model after omitting a number of unimportant variables, with the Poisson-like and negative binomial model after selecting the best variables, this was implemented through the data of thalassemia patients.

This research was presented to an important issue represented in the pursuit of social issues related to women, monitoring and analyzing them, this study was divided into five topics presented by an introduction, followed by a conclusion and a list of sources and references, the first topic was on the issue of (women's education), so we traced how the writer employed this issue, and what was unique to him in his (labyrinths) of features and advantages, while the second topic was on the issue of (women's work) that the novelist employed to show its importance on the one hand. The third topic was devoted to the issue of (women's freedom), and showed its importance on the personal and psychological level of women , in addition to the author's observation of a number of negatives that were inflicted on them due to improper thinking, while the fourth topic was on the issue of (women's oppression), and showed the origin of this oppression and its psychological and behavioral consequences on women, while the fifth topic was dedicated to talking about the issue of (women's hijab). In it, we presented the importance of this issue and the society's position on it.

The researcher sought to dedicate the term historicity in a way that overflows the state of entanglement in similar titles, in an effort not to confuse the papers on the reader and presented a real normative picture through which he concluded that the historicity and lack of historicity are due to the interrogation of the religious text in isolation from the preconceived opinions on it.

There are verses in the Holy Qur\'an that the scholars call the Verses of Challenge, which are verses that scholars believe that God has challenged humans to come up with the like of the Holy Qur\'an, or ten chapters of the Holy Qur\'an, or the likeness of one Surah.
The research assumed that the purpose of the verses of the challenge was to prove the infallibility of the twelve infallible Imams, and to achieve this hypothesis, the meaning of the noble verses was identified and interpreted accurately with the help of correct interpretations.
The research was divided into two topics, the first dealt with the verses of the challenge in the Holy Qur\'an and their interpretation, and included two demands, the first was a presentation of the concept of the verses of the challenge, and the second was specialized in the interpretation of the vocabulary of the verses of the challenge, and the second topic dealt with the intention of God from the verses of the challenge, and it falls into two demands, between the first of which was the intention of God from the verses of the challenge in one chapter and ten surahs, while the second was specialized in clarifying what is meant by the verses of the challenge in the example of the entire Quran.

Iraq paid special attention to the elderly and the provision of a decent life for them, as the State supervised the care of the elderly.
It is worth mentioning that the State Nursing Homes receive the elderly of both sexes, as the accommodation and accommodation within these homes is free of charge and does not entail any financial expenses.
The state has established shelters in which all the requirements of daily life are available, such as food, clothing, health and social services, and allocating a pocket bank to meet the needs of some personal requirements for those who do not have a pension, and the elderly have full personal freedom to move and leave the home whenever they want, provided that the management of the home is informed of the place where they wish to go.

The research aimed to evaluate the content of the physics textbook for the fifth grade of biology, and the researcher presented a model of coordination thinking skills to experts and arbitrators, which consists of six skills, then the researcher built the tool of coordination thinking skills, which consists of six skills, and falls under each skill from six to five indicators indicative of it, then the researcher presented the tool to a group of experts and arbitrators in the field of physics teaching methods, methods of teaching science, measurement, evaluation, and educational psychology to verify the validity of the tool. Since its paragraphs match what it was prepared for, and thus the standard in its final form consists of six skills, and thus the criterion is made up of (34) indicators, the researcher analyzed the content of the physics textbook for the fourth grade of preparatory school, scheduled for the academic year (2021-2022) in the light of the standard, as the number of analyzed pages reached (153) pages, and the researcher adopted the unit of idea as a unit of analysis, and the researcher calculated the honesty and consistency, as the researcher adopted the Cooper equation to calculate consistency as a statistical method.

In light of the recent discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean region, there are regional and international countries competing for gas fields and energy corridors, as the scene has become more complex in light of the movements and alliances that arise between the actors of the region in particular, and the ambitions of international actors, considering that the region is an area of influence according to the vision and directions dictated to them by a set of goals that each party seeks to achieve. The energy factor, and from it, has become one of the most important factors of strength in the international system, so Israel strives to acquire this factor to gain more power and dominance through a number of strategic alliances and understandings, which have great direct repercussions on the Middle East region, considering that Israel is among the countries of the region implicitly, seeking to weaken the role of states in it. This enables it to become the strongest state and then seek hegemony .

The research revolves around the method and style adopted by the Iraqi novelist "Wafa Abdul Razzaq" to make the narrative in her novel "The Dance of the Braid and the River", the first edition of which appeared in 2015, a technique that contributed to giving the novel text its literary characteristics that characterized it. The study was divided into two sections: narrative styles, and levels of narrative structure, which were preceded by the introduction of narrative as an element of the narrative work.

The study sheds light on another aspect of the poetry that I have studied, most of which has taken (irony) as a refuge and a title, and I found myself finding images of the homeland that he paints, suffers from, and imagines in his poems, and the images were escalating, opposing, sometimes quarrelsome, and deviating from the poetic norm because the poet chose for himself and distorted another method to make his identity.
I found it different from its predecessors, the poet Muzaffar Al-Nawab and the poet Nizar Al-Qabbani, so it was the image of the usurped homeland, the humiliated homeland, the unjust homeland, the exiled homeland, the homeland that eats its children, ...He is a poet who painted a homeland in his poetry away from geography, its map and topography, and outside of history, in which he mentioned the images of homelands.

The Seminary in general and in the holy city of Karbala in particular has enjoyed a high position in the Islamic world, because of the great services it has provided and the propositions that flow into the channels of thought and knowledge, and these outstanding thinkers did not prevent them from completing the journey of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) despite the rough road and the sacrifices it carries with them, so they were truly the heirs of the prophets in their piety, piety and cognitive jihad, they contributed great roles in the aspects of political, social and economic life, so they had the spiritual and moral influence that is written for them in a record full of their giving. It paints a clear picture of the great responsibilities placed on the shoulders of its leaders in introducing the Islamic Sharia, and its great wisdom in steering the human boat to the land of safety and peace.

The study aims to reveal the extent of the suitability of groundwater and to take samples of this water by the General Authority for Groundwater, Najaf Branch and analyze it in the laboratory, and the study revealed according to the results of the chemical analysis that the groundwater in the study area suffers from the risk of pollution, and its chemical and physical properties have varied from one location to another according to a set of factors represented in the nature of the rocky composition of the water reservoirs and the topographical situation, as well as the climatic conditions that characterized the study area, represented by high temperatures and the values of Evaporation, as well as the rise of salts to the surface due to the vermicelli property and the dryness it causes, thus fragmenting these soils and making them ripe for erosion processes and making them arid areas suffering from desertification, and the resulting shrinking of cultivated areas and their low productivity. Especially the areas in the Western Plateau region, which are completely dependent on groundwater for irrigation.

International finance represents the main movement of the economy through the movement of capital between different countries for the purpose of meeting their needs for these funds and sustaining the achievement of economic growth.
The research aims to study the concept of international finance and know its role in the economies of the selected Arab rentier countries, as well as to analyze the relationship between international finance and economic growth in these countries and identify the sources of international finance, and the research problem is highlighted in the extent of the impact of the relationship between international finance in the selected rentier countries, and that the most prominent findings of the research are that there is a direct relationship between international finance and economic growth and that the international financing policy is manifested by obtaining the necessary funds With the aim of growing the public and private economic sectors, the research concluded the need to adopt an international financing policy that works to support public and private projects in various economic sectors in rentier countries, which leads to achieving economic growth in the GDP.

There are many theories about governance and the state among Shiite jurists in both Iran and Iraq, perhaps the most important of which is the "theory of Wilayat al-Faqih" developed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in the 1970s, which gives the supreme religious authority absolute authority over all matters of life, as it combines religious and worldly affairs with its own hands, and although the Wilayat al-Faqih system has been successfully implemented inside Iran, few believe that the Wilayat al-Faqih system is a suitable system for Shiites in Iraq, as the majority of the However, there is a great overlap between Iranian and Iraqi Shiite political thought, as some Iranian references belonged to the Iraqi reference of Najaf, and some Iraqi references belonged to the Iranian reference of Qom, and many religious references in Qom opposed the theory, while there were Some religious authorities in Najaf have supported this theory.

The Syrian crisis has emerged as a milestone in international and regional relations, despite the differences between the parties involved in it, and as a result of the repercussions and international and regional interactions that emerged after 2003 and the occupation of Iraq by the United States of America and its allied countries and the change in the political system in it, changes occurred in the region and developed after the emergence of the Arab Spring, cases of chaos and the expansion of the activity of extremist religious groups. It has created fertile ground for external interventions and internal events that have affected the political and security situation in Syria and the Arab region.

The research study came on the qualitative characteristics of irrigation and puncture water in the district of Al-Mashkhab with an area of (375) km2. The study aims to know the qualitative characteristics of water by studying and analyzing the sources of irrigation and puncture water, then evaluating them based on international standards and knowing the extent of their impact on humans, agriculture and the living of the organisms that are located within the soil body and the extent of their impact on them. This was done by collecting and analyzing (4) samples of the water of the Euphrates River and taking one sample for each site, and the water samples were randomly drawn from four locations in the study area, namely Shatt al-Mashkhab and the Dabiniya table in the district center. Al-Mashkhab, Shatt Al-Qadisiyyah, and um Al-Dujeej in Al-Qadisiyyah district. The aim of the project was to provide the qualitative knowledge of irrigation water and puncture in the physical and chemical properties of the district of Al-Mashkhab and it was found that the puncture water contains a high percentage of salts and minerals, this came as a result of the use of improved materials for the soil in agricultural operations .