magazine aldhakwat albedh

The current research aims to identify the level of possession of students (fifth grade science/Imam Ali School «PBUH») (of divergent thinking as well as creative solution skills and the relationship between them). To achieve the goal, the descriptive approach was used and the researcher prepared two tests to measure divergent thinking consisting of (20) A paragraph distributed over the skills of divergent thinking, which include: (observation, description, organization, critical questioning, problem solving, data analysis, formulating predictions, analysis, synthesis, application, evaluation), and a test to measure the students’ ability to solve creatively, consisting of (20) paragraphs distributed over the skills. (Problem solving skills, communication skills, flexibility, self-motivation and initiative) The researcher verified the validity of each type of test with a reliability of (0.81) for divergent thinking and (0.82) for creative solution. By applying the test to a sample of (300) students from Imam Ali School “PBUH” / Baghdad Education Directorate / Karkh III, the researcher reached the following:
Results from the following statistics:
1- Fifth-grade science students possess good divergent thinking skills.
2- Fifth-grade science students possess good creative problem-solving skills.
3- There is a direct relationship between «divergent thinking and creative problem-solving skills» for fifth-grade science students, as it was shown that an increase in any one of the variables leads to a corresponding increase in the remaining tests.

The current research aims to “determine the effectiveness of a proposed teaching strategy based on Renzulli’s model on the achievement of fourth-grade science students in physics.”
To achieve this goal, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who will study according to a proposed teaching strategy based on Renzulli’s model and the average scores of the control group students who will study according to the traditional method in the achievement test for the subject of physics.
The researcher adopted the experimental research method, represented by the design of the post-test with partial control for two equal independent groups. The research community was determined as fourth-grade science students in government daytime secondary and preparatory schools for girls in the center of Baghdad Governorate (Al-Karkh III) for the academic year (2024-2025). The research sample students amounted to (52) students.
The experimental group consisted of (26) female students and the control group consisted of (26) female students. Equivalence was achieved between the two groups in some variables that could affect the research results through their interaction with the independent variable in affecting the accuracy of the results. The dependent variables are: (previous academic achievement in physics, prior knowledge, and intelligence).
The research tool was prepared, which was the achievement test, which consisted of (40) multiple-choice items. The psychometric properties of the achievement test were verified after it was presented to a number of arbitrators. The data were analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS22).
The statistical results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group on the physics achievement test. In light of this, a number of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals were drawn.

The purpose of this research is to examine technological awareness and its relationship with digital educational loafing among university students. The researcher employed a descriptive method to achieve the research objectives and selected a main sample of 200 students (male and female) from the College of Education at the University of Wasit. To meet the study goals, the researcher developed a scale for technological awareness, consisting of 32 items across four dimensions, based on theoretical background and educational and psychological literature. Additionally, a scale for digital educational loafing was constructed, comprising 30 items. The psychometric properties of both scales were determined, focusing on validity (both face and construct validity) and reliability through Cronbach›s alpha internal consistency. The research findings indicated the following:
- There is a presence of technological awareness among university students.
- There is no digital educational loafing among university students.
- There is no correlational relationship between technological awareness and digital educational loafing among university students

This research paper investigates the intricate relationship between intergenerational conflict and cultural change in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. The novel, a cornerstone of African literature, provides a rich portrayal of Igbo society during a transition period marked by the arrival of colonial rule and Christianity. The study employs a qualitative literary analysis to examine how Achebe uses father–son dynamics, particularly the tension between Okonkwo and Nwoye, as a metaphor for the broader clash between tradition and transformation. The analysis highlights how older generations embody resistance to cultural change while younger generations serve as agents of adaptation and continuity. Findings reveal that intergenerational conflict in the novel transcends familial disputes, reflecting deeper cultural negotiations that emerge when indigenous traditions confront external pressures. The study concludes that Achebe presents cultural change as inevitable and disruptive, reshaping not only social structures but also the very identity of the Igbo community.

International conventions and agreements have emerged as pivotal tools in regulating environmental relations between states and strengthening their commitments to environmental protection. They have contributed to transforming environmental issues from a narrow local framework to a collective responsibility requiring effective international coordination. These conventions, such as the 1972 Stockholm Declaration and the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Declaration, focused on general principles that outline a legal and ethical framework for joint environmental action, such as the precautionary principle, the polluter pays principle, and the principle of environmental justice. Specific international agreements, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Kyoto Protocol, and the 2015 Paris Agreement, have directly contributed to setting binding or voluntary targets for states in the areas of reducing carbon emissions, preserving ecosystems, and regulating the sustainable use of natural resources. These agreements have also provided Conventions provide financing, technology transfer, and capacity-building mechanisms for developing countries, enhancing their ability to comply with international environmental standards. Conventions have also contributed to creating a common legal framework that allows for accountability and enhanced transparency through monitoring, reporting, and review mechanisms. However, the effectiveness of these conventions faces multiple challenges, including the disparity in state commitments, weak implementation mechanisms, and the influence of economic and political interests on environmental compliance. This highlights the need to review the role of international environmental law and activate it to achieve a balance between sustainable development and environmental protection. International conventions and agreements represent the most important legal and institutional framework for global environmental governance, and strengthening and updating them is a prerequisite for achieving environmental sustainability goals in light of climate crises and accelerating biodiversity.

The unity and cohesion of local communities are fundamental elements in achieving stability and development. Judicial control plays a pivotal role in enhancing this unity by enforcing the law and protecting rights. This research examines the impact of judicial control on community cohesion and ways to strengthen this role to ensure a safe and stable environment.
This chapter includes an introduction and the first section, which covers the research problem, the importance of the study, and the objectives of the study. The second section includes the terms and concepts, the concept of judicial officers, and the specific jurisdiction of judicial officers. The third section includes the judicial officers, the establishment of special law enforcement, the categories of judicial officers, special law enforcement, general law enforcement, the duties of judicial officers, the law of judicial enforcement, the objectives of judicial enforcement, and the results. .( «The Role of Judicial Enforcement and Local Communities

In an era of remarkable technological advancement, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a powerful force in international relations. AI›s adaptability, including innovative designs for predictive analytics, is rapidly reshaping the way states engage in international affairs. AI›s impact has been significantly felt in areas such as data analysis, data curation, cyber coordination, language translation, and disaster response, all of which simplify, impact, and enhance communication. This article discusses how AI technology will shape international relations.

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Karbala The effectiveness of using mind maps and information processing in the achievement of fourth-stage students in the subject of measurement and evaluation. Dr. Qasim Abdul Amir Hamidi PhD in Curricula and General Teaching Methods 2024 AD 1446 AH
Abstract of the research The educational system is considered one of the basic pillars of advanced societies and it bears many responsibilities that contribute to providing valuable information to learners with a focus on retaining this information. As a result of the successive developments in various scientific disciplines, this has necessitated the need to find new methods that contribute to developing the educational process in a manner that is compatible with the successive developments that the world has witnessed in recent years. This research was applied to determine the effectiveness of the information processing and mind mapping strategies in the achievement of fourth-stage students in the College of Education. The results of this research were reached by analyzing their scientific results represented in the achievement grades. The number of this sample was (176) students distributed into four groups between experimental and control. Statistical methods represented in the te-test were used. The results of this test indicated the existence of significant differences between the individuals of the research sample. The researcher came out with a set of results and recommendations, the most important of which were:
1-There is a clear impact of the information processing and mind maps strategies on the process of acquiring information. 2-The program built according to the information processing and mind maps strategies contributed to developing the mental abilities of students. 3-Adopting the mind maps and information processing strategies in teaching the measurement and evaluation course. 4-Training students of colleges of education and colleges of basic education to use the information processing and mind maps strategies in the learning process. 5-Various strategies should be used to develop higher thinking skills. Keywords: information processing, mind maps, teaching methods, educational programs, teaching strategies, developing the learning process.

In light of increasing competition in global and local markets, customer awareness has become one of the key elements for business success. A knowledgeable customer has the ability to make informed purchasing decisions, prompting companies to adopt marketing strategies based on a thorough understanding of customer behavior. This study aims to shed light on the concept of customer awareness as a cornerstone of building successful and sustainable business relationships. Customer awareness is defined as the extent to which a company is deeply aware and understands its current and potential customers, including their needs, expectations, behaviors, motivations, and values. The article explores the importance of customer awareness in improving products and services, enhancing the customer experience, increasing marketing and sales effectiveness, building customer loyalty, reducing customer churn, and gaining a competitive advantage. The article concludes that investing in building and effectively measuring true customer awareness is not just an option; it is a strategic necessity for companies seeking to grow and thrive in a competitive business environment. A deep understanding of customers enables companies to better meet their needs and deliver unique value, leading to strong, long-term relationships that contribute to sustainable success.

This study employed Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) within the framework of cognitive linguistics to analyze Laila al-Othman›s The Trial... A Fragment of Reality›s Biography. By conducting a qualitative discourse analysis, the research elucidated how al-Othman strategically utilized metaphors to transform abstract experiences---such as emotional life, creativity, time, social relations, aspirations, environments, and conflict---into vivid, personified forces that enhanced narrative depth and reader engagement. The analysis revealed that these metaphorical constructs not only embellished the text but also established a cohesive conceptual framework that shaped collective understanding of complex human conditions. This research contributed to CMT by extending its application to Middle Eastern literature, highlighting both the universality and cultural specificity of metaphorical thought. Additionally, the study underscored the interplay between language, cognition, and culture, demonstrating how metaphors bridged individual emotional states with broader societal narratives. Limitations included the focus on a single literary work and the interpretive nature of metaphor analysis. Future research should explore a wider range of Middle Eastern texts and adopt interdisciplinary methodologies to further advance the field.