Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The study is a qualitative descriptive research of a morphological analysis of reduplication in English children songs in YouTube. The study identifies what is meant by reduplication phonologically and morphologically. It also shows the types reduplication. The data is selecting (21) English children songs and analyzing them according to types of reduplication (full and partial reduplication). The conclusions show what types of reduplication are used in English children songs.

Seamus Justin Heaney (1939-2013) was intensely engaged in nature in a way that differed from the usual concept of nature representing beauty, love, and romance. Heaney's role in portraying nature is unique. Describing nature from a deeper perspective reveals what nature hides in terms of darkness and violence. This image encourages people to contemplate more deeply because beauty may conceal a lot of sadness and grief. The poet intends to reflect on the events of the conflicts in Ireland and around the world through nature. Just as nature conceals darkness, so does the individual conceal the inner meaning of his deep thoughts in the unconscious in a random way that he cannot reveal. This research focuses on how Heaney's poetry echoes these mysteries by presenting the other side of nature, which mirrors a deeper dimension of the human psyche. The link of the human psyche in Heaney's poems will be discussed through the application of Sigmund Freud's (1856–1939) theory of the unconscious. This will clarify the profound connection between the individual's psyche and nature.

Research Summary
It is human nature to question the underlying causes of any phenomenon, regardless of its type, and to seek to interpret it through judgments deemed logical by the researcher. Reasoning is a fundamental pillar of research methodology. Several phenomena have emerged in the Arabic language that one group of scholars considers a linguistic feature, while another views as a linguistic weakness. Among these phenomena is the concept of \"contradictory verbal participles,\" traditionally referred to as \"antonyms\" (al-ʾaḍdād). These are words that convey two opposite meanings, such as \"black and white\" or \"menstruation.\"
Scholars have debated the existence of this phenomenon in the Arabic language, questioning whether it is an intrinsic feature of the language or an incidental occurrence. Opinions are divided between those who support its existence and those who deny it. The detractors have attributed its presence to various reasons that render it seemingly contradictory.
This research examines a subset of such words, analyzing and explaining the reasons behind their contradiction. It also reviews the perspectives of linguists and lexicographers who have identified these words as contradictory. The study concludes with a set of findings derived from the analysis

Andalusian poetry was distinguished by its unique position, because it formed an important part of the Andalusian Arabic Islamic culture, and was the tool that the poets depicted the Andalusian reality and the historical events that Andalusian society went through. The Andalusian poet was interested in symbolism, so he used symbols in many of his poems, and his interest in
symbolism was like his interest in the beauty of the poetic image, because the symbol was linked in one way or another to the emotional experience that the poet suffers, which gives the poems a special meaning. The symbol in its various types formed great Importance, as it became a dominant value in creative works; because it gives the texts an aesthetic dimension, therefore poets
used it variously
It can be said that the symbol is one of the tools that the poet uses to elevate and advance the word from its familiar and literal meaning to a meaning with new and influential connotations and for an artistic and aesthetic purpose; in order to give the reader more space to renew the vision and contemplate the text in multiple readings

The current research aims to:
Identifying Suicidal Intentions Among Divorced Women
Marriage is viewed as a social institution that includes a set of norms regulating the relationship between spouses. The strength of this structure relies on solid foundations such as proper selection and compatibility in social aspects.Marriage imposes on spouses a set of mutual obligations and rights ensuring the continuity of marital life and enabling the family to fulfill its basic functions Despite the psychological, health and social significance marriage, offers to individuals and society, the phenomenon of divorce has been increasingly prevalent in recent times across various communities Divorce has become a widespread issue affecting nearly every society for this reason, social and psychological researchers have focused on studying the psychological, biological and social factors contributing to rising divorce rates ,given their negative impact on societal stability
Suicidal intent is defined as the level of determination or desire an individual has to end their life,as well as their capability to act on this desire (Thomas Joiner,2005), the researcher developed a scale for measuring suicidal intent based on Thomas Joiner 's theoretical model and definition, the scale consists of 30 items designed to measure suicidal intent among divorced women with three response options:
Women with three response options: Often "Sometimes" and Rarely

1. The effect of self-referencing on memory among children in early childhood according to the variables of:
a. Age (3, 4, 5, 6 years).
b. Gender (male–female).
2. The significance of statistical differences in the effect of self-referencing in early childhood concerning:
a. Age (3, 4, 5, 6 years).
b. Gender (male–female).

The research sample consisted of 200 children (100 boys and 100 girls) selected from nurseries, kindergartens, and primary schools in Baghdad, with 50 children for each age group. The researcher adopted the tool developed by Cunningham et al. (2014) to measure the development of self-referencing effects on memory during early childhood. The psychometric properties of the tool were verified by assessing its validity and reliability. Various statistical methods were employed, such as the t-test for one sample, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffé post hoc test, and the Kuder-Richardson formula (KR-20).

The results of the current research revealed the following:
1. The effect of self-referencing on memory develops progressively with age, following a developmental trajectory.
2. There are no statistically significant differences based on gender.
3. The self-referencing effect becomes significant and more apparent in children aged five and six years.

The map is considered an essential tool for displaying and analyzing geographical information, as it helps convey complex data visually. However, the process of map preparation faces challenges, such as accurately defining elements and choosing suitable representation methods for human phenomena. This research aims to diagnose issues in maps of human geography phenomena, which sometimes suffer from errors in element placement or data representation, affecting spatial distribution and relationship accuracy. Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS) software was utilized to improve map design. The study selected samples from theses and dissertations by graduate students in the human geography department at various University of Baghdad colleges, which lack scientific, technical, and perceptual accuracy. Corrected examples of the selected maps were presented to provide illustrative examples for researchers. The results showed that many maps suffer from errors in element placement and lack details like date and projection, as well as weaknesses in visual design and inaccurate color use. The study recommends enhancing the cartography curriculum in geographic education, organizing training workshops, applying international map design standards, and having maps reviewed by experts before approval.

The aim of the current research is to identify the degree of confidence in the written performance of Arabic language students at King Khalid University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive method. Due to its suitability to the nature of the current research and its goal, the researcher then prepared the necessary tools to achieve the goal of the research. These tools were: a measure of confidence in the appropriate written performance of students of the Arabic language at a university. Then the researcher sought to ensure the stability and validity of that tool through appropriate statistical methods, as well as the opinions of... arbitrators and experts, then he selected the research sample; The research sample consisted of Arabic language students at King Khalid University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Then the research tool was applied to that sample, and then the statistical analysis process was carried out. Then extracting and interpreting the results, then presenting recommendations and proposals. The results of the research showed: that the degree of confidence in the written performance of the students in the research sample in the scale as a whole came to a moderate degree; With an overall average of (131.65) and a percentage of (58.51), as for the dimensions of the scale: The average for the first dimension was (24.67) with a percentage of (54.82), the average for the second dimension was (24.80) with a percentage of (55.11), the average for the third dimension was (26.19) with a percentage of (58.20), the average for the fourth dimension was (27.52) with a percentage of (61.61). The average of the fifth dimension is (29.26) with a percentage of (65.02), all of which are at the average level. The research recommended enhancing confidence in written performance among students and learners at various educational levels, and benefiting from the scale of confidence in written performance prepared for the purpose of the study in measuring it among learners, helping students to know Their abilities, potentials and balance in their ambitions, training students to take responsibility and avoid procrastination, educating students not to be arrogant in their successes, educating students not to despair in cases of failure, accustoming students to psychological, academic and scientific stability, training students to bear the results of their performance and achievements with courage.

This research investigates the word (Razzaq) in the Quranic context from the perspectives of the nominal and verbal derivations, as a linguistic and semantic study, investigating the word usages in the Holy Quran, studying its meaning in the Quranic context, and discussing its syntactic position to know the grammatical rule between the agent and the object. This research aims to extrapolate the word (Razzaq) in the Quranic context as a noun and a verb, study its meanings, and identify the derivation of the word (Razzaq) in the Quranic context, and the forms of its occurrence in it. The research adopted the descriptive analytical inductive method. After extrapolating the word under investigation, the research reached the conclusion that the word (Razzaq) was mentioned in the Holy Quran one hundred and twenty-one times, varying between verbs and nouns, and that its occurrence as verbs was more than its occurrence as nouns by one number, as it was mentioned sixty-one times as verbs (on the types of verbs in terms of time). Past, present, and imperative), and sixty times (source, active participle, and exaggerated form).

Sayyed Abd al-A'la al-Sabuzari is considered one of the leading contemporary Imami jurists, and his book Muhadhdhab al-Ahkam is one of the most prominent books of contemporary Imami jurisprudence. In these research papers, we have intended to study the issue of resting in prayer according to Sayyid al-Sabzwari as a comparative study, and the most prominent results that this study has yielded are that scholars They differed on this issue into four opinions, and it has been proven that the most correct opinion is what was preferred by Mr. Al-Sabzwari, which is the opinion of those who hold the first opinion that it is more prudent not to leave the rest session. It is sitting after the second prostration in the first and third rak’ah, which is not testified to. Indeed, its obligation is not without strength, based on the presence of narrations indicating its obligation. Therefore, this sitting is obligatory, due to the lack of evidence of the one who says it is desirable, or not desirable, or that it is desirable due to weakness or old age. In the face of evidence that it is necessary.

the current research aimed to identify:
1- Children\'s beliefs about the purpose of life events according to the variables:
A- Age (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) years. B- Gender (males - females)
2- Statistically significant differences in children\'s beliefs about the purpose of life events according to the variables:
A- Age (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) years. B- Gender (males - females).
The current research sample included (240) boys and girls from kindergartens and government primary schools in Dhi Qar Governorate, aged (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) years, with (40) boys and girls for each age group, equally divided between males and females. The researcher adopted Banerje and Bloom’s (2015) tool, prepared to measure the development of children’s beliefs about the purpose of life events. The tool consisted of three experiments, each experiment had ten situations, except for the second experiment, which had four situations accompanied by a picture, and each situation had a question. The researcher verified the psychometric properties of the tool by extracting validity and reliability, so the reliability coefficient reached (0.72) using the Kuder-Richardson equation - 20. The researcher used a number of statistical methods, the discrimination coefficient equation for true and false tests, the correlation coefficient with a serial, the t-test for a single sample, the analysis of two-way variance with interaction, and the Scheffe test for post-test comparisons. The current research reached the following results: .
1. There are statistically significant differences according to age in beliefs in favor of younger children.
2. Gender has no effect on the development of children\'s beliefs about the purpose of life events.
3. Children\'s beliefs at the age of (10) years are not significant.
4. The developmental path continues to decrease as children get older until the age of (10) years.
In light of the results of the current study, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and suggestions

the current research aimed to identify:
1- Children's understanding of merit in the fair allocation of resources according to the variables:
A- Age (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) years.
B - Gender (males - females).
2- There are statistically significant differences in children's understanding of merit in the fair allocation of resources according to the two variables:
A - Age (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) years.
B - Gender (males - females).
The current research sample included (280) boys and girls of Baghdad Governorate- its two sides (Karkh and Rusafa), for ages (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) years, with (40) boys and girls for each age group equally divided between males and females. The researcher adopted the Noh tool (Noh, 2017) prepared to measure children's understanding of merit in the fair allocation of resources. The researcher verified the psychometric properties of the tool by extracting validity and reliability, and the reliability coefficient reached (0.73) with the KR-20 equation. The researcher used a number of statistical methods such as the t-test for one sample, analysis of two-way variance, and the Scheffe test.
The current research reached the following results:
1- Children can understand the merit of the fair allocation of resources at the age of (7) years.
2- The understanding of the merit of the fair allocation of resources develops with age and takes a gradual path.
3- There is no effect of gender in understanding the merit of the fair allocation of resources.
In light of the results of the current study, the researcher presented a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

This research reviews the topic of (Myth in the Poetry of Hassan Abd Rady), as the myth received the attention of contemporary poets as an important source that enriches their poetic texts and deepens their connotations. The poet Hassan Abd Rady invoked myth in all its forms to enrich his poetic texts because of the suggestive connotations it carries. The research included the following: the introduction and the preface, in which the myth was defined linguistically, terminologically, and its types.The research was divided into the number of myths employed by Abd Radi, including: Greek myth, Babylonian myth, Greek myth, Sumerian myth, Persian myth, and I concluded the research with a conclusion and then the sources and references. In my research, I relied on a number of main sources, including: myth and meaning, the encyclopedia of myths (Greek-Roman-Scandinavian mythology), and recalling traditional figures in contemporary Arabic poetry.

Risk decision-making refers to choices made under uncertain circumstances where the potential negative consequences are high. Adolescents are often at a crossroads during this stage, where the rush towards reward and external influences, such as peer pressure and environmental pressures, can greatly influence their decisions.
The current research aims to:
• Identify risky decision-making among adolescents.
For this purpose, the researchers built a tool to measure risky decision-making among adolescents based on Albert Bandura's observational learning theory (Bandura, 1976). The scale consisted of (30) items that were applied to the research sample of (400) male and female students from secondary schools in all Babylon governorates.
The research results indicated:
• The presence of risky decision-making among adolescents.
The research concluded by discussing the results and providing some suggestions and recommendations.

All societies around the world are characterized by special customs and traditions that vary and differ from one society to another. They are legacies whose origin goes back to the origin of man and the environment in which he lives.
It goes back to the religious and geographical diversity of individuals. Customs and traditions differ from one place to
another. The importance of customs and traditions is to give society a special character and define its identity. In this
research, the most important customs and traditions that were widespread among the Berbers and the Ibadi Arabs were
explained. The most important of these is the policy of peaceful coexistence with the heavenly religions, the Jews and
Christians, and the rest of the social classes of the Persians and the Safalis. In addition to that, the celibacy system that
spread after the fall of the Rustamid state. The research relied on some important sources, including Tabaqat al-Darjini
and Ibn al-Saghir, in addition to references and studies that enriched the research with their information