Surra Man Ra'a

This research deals with the phenomenon of screaming in the pre-Islamic era, the role it played as a weapon in the battle of Arab existence, and the critical circumstances dictated by the ordeal, and created by need, aiming to awaken determination and sharpen resolve. The pre-Islamic Arab, and from there, the research defines the concept of Shouting poetry in language and terminology.

This study explores the novel Nabd by Adham Sharkawi, highlighting how the author skillfully employed a dramatic style to craft a literary text rich in dialogue, emotion, tension, suspense, and conflict. The narrator played a significant and clear role in the narrative structure, enabling the connection of the novel’s intertwined events, which contributed to the coherence of its parts. The author utilized intensive dialogue, a fragmented theatrical structure, and a carefully constructed dramatic buildup to portray the characters and their psychological and social struggles within a turbulent reality.

The Arabic language and its crown, the Holy Qur’an, give an effective force in giving speech special meanings within transformative forms and contexts. Studying these transformations and semantic generation is the best way to understand the noble text. As a mental manifestation that is achieved in synthetic buildings, which are represented by form and content that reinforce each other.

This research aims to uncover a new type of writing that has emerged in our current era and is embraced by poets. Horizontal writing has become a form of prose poetry that casts. Its shadow falls over a new idea desired by the poet. This type of writing has appeared extensively in Raad Fadel's collections to the point that it has become a constant feature of many of his poems. We find the poem in the form of a block or sequential structure that cannot be subordinated to sections. We find it as if it were a story in some of its events and details, and suddenly it returns to poetic language, but it adheres to the formal sequence of the poem.

To proceed Dialogue is one of the most important means that societies have relied upon throughout the ages to transmit knowledge and science. Dialogue is not merely an exchange of words. Rather, it is a cognitive interaction that enriches minds and contributes to spreading a deep understanding of scientific and practical concepts. One of the most prominent dialogue methods that has had a profound impact on the reception and understanding of science is the question-and-answer method. This method is considered an effective educational tool that stimulates critical thinking. It arouses curiosity and helps direct attention to essential points. It has been used since ancient times and continues to this day as a basis for modern academic education. From this standpoint, I will highlight in this research two models of scholars from the second century AH, namely Ata’ ibn Abi Rabah and Ibn Jurayj, may God have mercy on them. He reviewed the dialogue that took place between them, represented by the question and answer method, as the research aims to highlight the importance of this method and its impact on acquiring Islamic sciences, and it is considered one of the important pillars in receiving sciences. Among the most important sources that the researcher relied on: In collecting the questions, he wrote the interpretation books, including the interpretation of al-Tabari, the interpretation of Ibn Kathir, and the interpretation of al-Qurtubi. The research was divided into an introduction that defined the meaning of dialogue, question, and answer in language and terminology. The first section dealt with the lives of the two imams, Ata’ ibn Rabah and Ibn Jurayj (may God have mercy on them), in a brief manner. The second section collected and studied the questions and answers, the methodology and style of the two imams, and then the conclusion.

The study aims to achieve a main goal, which is the extent of middle school students’ exposure to Turkish drama and its value implications on socialization. The research also used the survey method in the context of what serves a specific audience or the audience used in the research, which is considered one of the appropriate methods used in field and applied research for the public. The research community represents middle school students in Iraq, males and females, and the sample size reached 400 individuals.. The study reached the results of the most important motivations for middle school students’ interest in Turkish drama: eliminating boredom and routine, and that Turkish drama has an impact on the socialization of middle school students. The struggle to reach the goal is one of the most important positive values represented by Turkish drama, and the formation of forbidden emotional relationships is one of the most important values. The negativity represented by Turkish drama.

Iraq in particular and the Islamic East in general became a stage for political events and battles in the fourth and fifth centuries AH/tenth and eleventh centuries AD, and experienced one of the worst phases in all fields, As unrest and strife arose and the Abbasid Caliphate weakened due to the dominance of the Turkish element over the state’s resources, large and small, on the one hand, and the conflict between the Buyids and the Seljuks on the other hand, each of them sought to control the country’s resources, many wars erupted that ultimately led to the end of the Buyid rule and the Seljuks seizing power in Iraq and the Islamic East.

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This research aims to conduct a critical analytical study of the communicative philosophical project of both Habermas and Abel. What distinguishes their philosophy is that they dealt in their works with two basic topics: ethics and communication. These are two different concepts. The first concept is derived from moral philosophy, and the second is derived from the philosophy of language. For Habermas and Abel, they are two interconnected topics, one overlapping with the other. Hence, the research will address the topic from several aspects, including: the theory of communicative action, actual social communication, and transcendental pragmatics.

Poetry in the Abbasid era differed from the earlier literary periods in terms of the expansion of meanings and the occasional renewal of some of them, as well as the introduction of new ideas into the poets’ styles in composing their poems. The language of poetry remained strong as in the past, though at times it exhibited some weakness in certain aspects. Non-Arabic vocabulary entered the poetry of some poets, and new themes emerged in poetic expression, such as descriptions of gardens, palaces, ships, naval battles, and other subjects related to new aspects of life. Some of these themes were treated independently by poets, which led to innovation in the classical themes of Arabic poetry such as praise, satire, love poetry, and description.

Human dialogue represents a fundamental pillar in the development of civilization, as it contributes to consolidating values and ideas that promote communication, interaction, and mutual understanding. It embodies the principles of role modeling, community, rapprochement, and peaceful coexistence. In this context, adherence to the values of dialogue rooted in the Prophetic Sunnah provides an advanced framework for building civilization by fostering tolerance and mutual respect among diverse segments of society. This study seeks to highlight the significance of dialogue in the Sunnah and to demonstrate how its ethical principles serve as key factors in strengthening social bonds and cultivating reassurance across different groups.

Al-Buhturi shows in his description the manifestations of entertainment and the life of luxury that appeared in the Abbasid era through the description of palaces and ponds. His poems revealed the encouragement of the caliphs and princes for poetry and their generosity to them, which made their talents overflow with creativity through his interest in describing the finest details of this pond. He was helped in this by his fertile imagination in conveying and depicting. The connoisseur of this poem does not feel the presence of a gap between the introduction of the poem and the main purpose and the conclusion, which is what critics called (good conclusion). This poem also showed the purity of the poet's language and his distance from philosophy, logic and concavity in speech, which made his language easy and understandable.

The research deals with studying the policy of successive French governments from the 1840s until 1918, with regard to consolidating the idea of the Jewish settlement project in the Palestinian territories. The research focused on explaining the role of France as the first European country that worked to consolidate the idea of that project, as a tool for French colonial expansion in the Arab countries, Especially after the emergence of French Jewish calls, which focused on settling Jews in Palestine, and"Resulted in the opening of the French consulate in"the city of Jerusalem in 1843, whose consuls, with the help of the wealthy major financiers from the branch of the Jewish Rothschild family (the French branch), and the French Jewish settlement associations and organizations, worked to attract European Jews, including the French, With the aim of encouraging them to immigrate to Palestine and consolidate their settlement there, in exchange for benefiting from the vast financial capabilities of Jewish capitalism, which supported the French treasury on the one hand, and consolidating French influence in the Arab Levant region on the other.

Social media has a significant impact on society in general and university communities in particular. University students often use it for entertainment or educational purposes, and this usage affects their relationships with each other. The researcher in this study sought to answer the main question: "What is the impact of using social media on social relationships among university students?" The survey method was used with a questionnaire distributed to media department students at Samarra University. The researcher reached several conclusions, including: University students use Instagram as their primary social media platform, with a frequency of (152) and a percentage of (75.4%). They find it the most attractive and suitable for their personal and social needs. Students prefer to discuss social topics primarily for self-expression and social identity, with a frequency of (126) and a percentage of (47.5%) The positive impact of social media use on students is aiding communication with peers directly or indirectly, ranking first with a frequency of (89) and a percentage of (33.6%). However, the negative impact is a reduction in real interactive dialogue among students, ranking first with a frequency of (110) and a percentage of (41.5%)

Titles in literary texts are important entry points for interpretation, as they constitute the first textual threshold that provides key connotations for the text. The collection \"The Language of Rings\" by poet Hamad Al-Duwai is a rich model for studying the semiotics of titles, given the profound symbolic and suggestive connotations their titles hold.

This research discusses a scientific axiom held by the majority of modern scholars: the use of segmental analysis to explain linguistic phenomena in general, and Arabic linguistic phenomena in particular. It criticizes it, and argues that there are scientific issues that justify this criticism. Among these are: that segmental analysis was not accepted in the study that pioneered it, namely modern Western linguistics. Rather, a group of scholars emerged as critics of it and refused to rely on it. Among these are: that forcing all languages to undergo segmental analysis, and then employing this analysis to explain linguistic phenomena, is a matter of clear scientific conceit, since some languages, such as Arabic, are not segmental. Moreover, Arab linguists and non-linguists were familiar with syllabic analysis, but they did not employ it to explain linguistic phenomena..

The phenomenon of linguistic interference is one of the most prominent challenges facing contemporary societies. No longer does a single language maintain its pure linguistic structure; instead, it now incorporates multiple linguistic frameworks and systems that intertwine during communication due to varying social, cultural, and historical factors among societies. The Arabic language has not been immune to this influence, as it has experienced interference with other languages, leading to the emergence of two linguistic levels in speakers. These levels interact and influence each other, particularly in oral contexts, potentially resulting in violations of traditional linguistic rules.

The Arab heritage is full of treasures, some of which have been revealed, and some of which are awaited; Among those treasures is the poetry of (Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Tayyib al-Bakhrazi, ( d 445 AH), which no one has been exposed to with study and care, although some of the ancient scholars transmitted some of his poetry in their books, but few do not fulfill the man his right and do not give him enough; his hair is still scattered here and there and needs to Collect and achieve and this is what we intend to do, God willing.

This research explores the interpretation of the circumstantial clause (al-Jumlah al-Ḥāliyyah) specifically within Surahs Al-Baqarah and Al Imran, drawing upon selected examples from Abu al-Su'ud's exegesis, Irshād al-ʻAql al-Salīm ilá Mazāyā al-Kitāb al-Karīm. The study highlights the significant reliance of linguists on interpretation (ta'wil) for understanding and explaining texts.

The art of al-badī‘ (rhetorical embellishment) is one of the branches of rhetoric that has gained wide resonance in literary studies, both poetic and prose, for the beauty and verbal ornamentation it adds, enhancing the depth and vitality of meaning. Pre-Islamic poetry abounds with this art, as the poetry of the Jāhiliyyah period is rich in rhetorical devices. Among these is the poetry of Khidāsh ibn Zuhayr al-‘Āmirī, which contains numerous rhetorical embellishments—both semantic and phonetic—reflecting the poet’s creativity in adorning his verses with various forms of al-badī‘. These devices bestow liveliness and splendor upon the text. This artistic mastery placed Khidāsh among the prominent poets of the pre-Islamic era, as Ibn Sallām ranked him in the fifth class of the eminent poets of al-Jāhiliyyah.

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The Semantics of Words and Their Impact on Expanding the Meaning of Qur’anic Vocabulary: Selected Examples from Qur’anic Texts
This study aims to investigate the semantics of words in the Qur’an and their role in expanding the meanings of Qur’anic vocabulary, through the analysis of selected examples from the Qur’anic texts. The research emphasizes the concept of linguistic meaning and its importance in understanding texts, with a particular focus on Qur’anic semantics, which is characterized by richness and flexibility.

The research aims to reveal the status of the Arabic language, whose spread is considered a strange phenomenon that will not be repeated in history - and its literature, both poetry and prose, in Iran.

Scientific research is one of the most important means that humans rely on to understand and analyze the phenomena around them in a precise and scientific manner. The selection of this title from the book "Al-Gharib al-Musannaf" by Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Salam (d. 224 AH) as the subject of my research is because ancient terminology holds a very important place in preserving the authentic Arabic language. This book is considered one of the earliest systematic attempts to document rare words that were beginning to fall into disuse or become obsolete, making it an important reference for preserving the ancient Arabic linguistic heritage, as well as for interpreting the Quran and the Hadith. Abu Ubayd relied on these ancient words to understand the meanings of the vocabulary in the Holy Quran and the Prophetic Traditions, especially those that are difficult for the modern reader to understand, thus providing accurate explanations of religious sources. God Almighty said: {Indeed, We have made it an Arabic Quran.} [Al-Zukhruf: 3] He said, "In a clear and eloquent Arabic language" [Surah Ash-Shu'ara: 195]. This book documents the evolution of the language by preserving ancient vocabulary, illustrating how the Arabic language developed over the centuries, and highlighting the semantic and phonetic changes it underwent. This makes it valuable for comparative linguistic studies.

This research focused on studying the dynamics of the language of Quranic dialogue, using the mechanism of breach adopted by Herbert Paul Grise in his theory of "implicature" in his article "Logic and Conversation." This research focused on the study of breaches of the rule of appropriateness, which is a subset of the rules of the "principle of cooperation" in his specific conversational implicature. We concluded that this breach occurs in the Holy Quran for several communicative purposes. Sometimes, it occurs to convey a more subtle meaning than rejection, namely impossibility, if the speaker makes a specific request of the addressee. Other times, it occurs for a hidden wisdom that God Almighty wants to conceal until the end of the dialogue. Other times, it occurs to demonstrate complete obedience in all circumstances, or to create ambiguity due to embarrassment from the addressee, the questioner, or another party listening to them—both the speaker and the addressee—out of fear of them, or perhaps out of politeness, or to be kind to them. It may also occur to refuse to acknowledge a mistake or to discourage the addressee, depending on the context. What is known from the context of the conversation or the purpose of the speaker's question, such as denial and mockery, or the ultimate goal of responding, or for the purpose of reprimanding and rebuking.

The research discusses the importance of understanding Russian sentence structure, focusing on word order and the identification of grammatical roles within the sentence. The analysis covers the rules of sentence construction, such as word arrangement and the use of letters to indicate the subject, object, place, and time. It also highlights the difficulties Arabic speakers face when learning Russian and explains how this understanding helps form correct sentences, improve communication skills, accelerate language acquisition, and boost confidence in using Russian in various situations.