Nanar Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The Namara inscription is one of the most prominent and oldest archaeological evidence shedding light on pre-Islamic Arab history. Dating back to 328 CE, it commemorates the achievements of King Imru' al-Qays ibn Amr, one of the greatest kings of the Lakhmid dynasty. This research aims to study the inscription from a historical and cultural perspective, to reveal the status of the Lakhmids and their role in the political and social life of the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding regions during that era.
Therefore, inscriptions are an important bridge between the past and the present, as they allow researchers access to material evidence that enables them to accurately reconstruct history. They are not only a record of historical events, but also a linguistic, literary and artistic reference that reflects the transformations of ancient societies. Through documentation and in-depth analysis of these inscriptions, our understanding of previous eras can be enhanced and historical studies can be developed based on reliable and unbiased sources.
This research examines the following:
First: The origin of the inscription and its significance in historical writing.
Second: The geographical location of the Namara inscription, its discovery, and its content.
Third: The Namara inscription as a historical document concerning the role of the Lakhmid Arabs in history.
The research concludes with key findings, emphasizing the importance of the Namara inscription as a unique historical document that reshapes our understanding of pre-Islamic Arab history and reflects the political and cultural influence of the Lakhmids in the region.

In the past, music was closely linked to religion among the ancient Egyptians, and its study and navigation was according to the priests. Religious rituals were used, and most of the religious songs were in praising the gods and social life.
Therefore, the music councils were among the means of entertainment and entertainment in the Fatimid era, so the caliphs, ministers, and senior men of the Fatimid state and the general people of Egypt cared about music and its enemy as a means of entertainment, and the interest of the Fatimid era in music led to its prosperity, so it became a self-contained art with stable origins.
The Fatimid caliphs and their senior statesmen used to sing and listen to music, and their councils were not devoid of these manifestations

This study addressed God's right over His servants. God's right over His servants is a binding obligation. God Almighty created us to worship and obey Him. Obedience varies according to piety. Piety drives a person to submit completely to God's obedience and comply with His commands. As for the right of servants over God, it comes after a person's faith in God. A servant has rights over God, and not every servant, but rather the believer in God, has the right of his faith. Among these rights are the fulfillment of some worldly matters, including victory and triumph over enemies, Paradise, forgiveness, and contentment in the afterlife. God's right over us comes first, followed by our rights, which are inevitably fulfilled because they are a promise from God Almighty, and God's promise is true, and God does not break His promise.

This research is directed to study the medical ethics but it was to start with summarised history of Ehics its philosophies and principles on a basic phenomenon that general ethics is the base of medical ethics. It was followed through all human civilisations and to concentrate on Islamic principles during the Islamic Arabic civilisation. After that the medical ethics was also followed historically and with concentration on the Islam religion principles important role in all aspects of medical practice and health system both as prinicples and practice.

this research presents a scholarly investigation of a manuscript entitled: ((The Agent, the Agent, and the Work)) written before the year 1194 AH. It is part of the holdings of the Sultan Abdul Hamid Khan Library in Turkey, under number (1402), and is a good, clear copy with a beautiful and legible script, containing (14) folios.
Its subject is an educational message in which the author traces the grammatical factors and also identifies each complement and the nature of its function. As is well known, the theory of the governing factor in Arabic grammar is one of the most important and controversial topics in the Arabic language.
The author has followed this matter in a simplified, scholarly manner for students of knowledge, citing poetic, Quranic, and other evidence, relying on primary linguistic sources.
The research is divided into two parts: the first is the introduction to the critical edition, and the second is the edited text.

This research focuses on the Christian churches and sects, which began in the fourth century, when the glories and theological gifts of the churches occupied a large part of the life of the church during the first three century. It follows that the clock tower in the Roman Empire was different from Christianity, but the group was divided into several groups, which led to The emperors were offered to prevent dissidence and could be dragged out by reasons of chaos, security problems, and neither the empire nor the empire.

The current research dealt with (the concept of the stereotype as a discourse in contemporary Iraqi ceramics), and the research contained four chapters, the first of which is the class framework of the research, which is represented by the research problem that acknowledged the answer to the following question: What is the stereotype as an artistic discourse in contemporary Iraqi ceramics? The research aims to identify the stereotype as an artistic discourse in contemporary Iraqi ceramics, but the limits of the research included in the first chapter were limited to studying the stereotype based on research conducted in foreign sources and the information network (Internet) for the period from (2007-2016). However, the second chapter lacked two main sections. The first section addressed the concept of the image, while the second section examined the discourse patterns in ceramic art. The theoretical framework concluded with a set of indicators and a review of previous studies. The third chapter outlined the research procedures, including a research population of 50 individuals, from which 5 models were selected for analysis. The research methodology employed was descriptive, and the research instrument relied on the indicators of the theoretical framework, including the establishment of criteria for analyzing the sample models. This served as an analytical tool for understanding the concept of the stereotypical image within the context of contemporary Iraqi ceramics. The fourth chapter presented the results, recommendations, and suggestions for producing higher-quality works. The research yielded several findings, including:
.1 Influential discourses in contemporary Iraqi ceramics are realized through forms that transcend utilitarian considerations, establishing discursive relationships resulting from the interplay of linguistic units within the ceramic text, as illustrated in (1).
.2 The study reveals that the stereotypical image of discourse in contemporary Brazilian ceramics incorporates both direct and indirect discourse. This is defined by patterns that exert a clear influence on reception upon viewing, thus constituting an implicit connection. Among the dimensions we mention are:
.1 The potter's artistic era contains within it a dimension that defines the stereotypical image of discourse, through which the potter reveals his image, his strength, and the source of his freedom, power, and place.
.2 The potter's heightened sense of feeling through discourse confronts him with the question of existence and non-existence, and he encounters only two existences around him, but pessimistic or optimistic.
Finally, the research concludes with recommendations, suggestions, and sources.

This study aimed to develop a proposed training program based on Generative Artificial Intelligence (GPT-40) to enhance the digital competencies of middle school mathematics teachers in Sudan, from the perspective of faculty members at the Faculty of Education, Alzaiem Alazhari University. The descriptive-analytical method was employed, and an electronic questionnaire was administered to a sample of 40 faculty members. The instrument’s validity was verified through expert review, while its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 0.89. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS through t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
The findings revealed a general weakness in teachers’ digital competencies, with statistically significant differences favoring teachers with less than five years of experience, while no differences were found based on gender. The results also indicated an urgent need for training programs focusing on the ethical dimensions of artificial intelligence and its applications in assessment. Essential design requirements highlighted by participants included integrating theoretical and practical components and incorporating real examples from mathematics curricula. Moreover, the majority considered a one-month training period insufficient for acquiring the required skills. Anticipated challenges included inadequate technological infrastructure and limited internet accessibility in remote areas.
The study concluded with recommendations to design intensive training programs targeting highly experienced teachers, embedding digital ethics and practical applications, while extending program duration. It further emphasized the importance of improving digital infrastructure, providing offline training resources, and fostering sustainable partnerships with the private sector to ensure effective and continuous implementation..

That marriage is a tight legal bond and a strong contract between a man and a woman on the basis of permanence and continuity, as affection, mercy and good company are the basis for the continuity of the relationship between the spouses and that it is a response to instinct and needs and preserves the human kind. As for the practical reality in the last times, it is In light of the evolving life, there is evidence of the spread of many diseases, as they multiply day by day despite modern medical progress, causing an impact on marital life, and it is possible for these diseases to be transmitted between them, and that these diseases have affected an aspect of human life, religious, social, economic, health, and so on. Which leads to separation between the spouses.

The research examines the development of Mittelbau-Dora as a war industrial hub within the German shift in the period 1943–1945 towards protected underground manufacturing. It links the pressure of Allied air bombing with the decision to move sensitive production centers connected to the V-2 rocket program to a closed production environment. It also follows the formation of an administrative and technical system that combined the requirements of speed and secrecy with strict control procedures over the workforce. Then it analyzes the work of the Mittelwerk plant from the perspective of industrial organization, supply chains, quality problems, and assembly. It shows how management faced the challenges of raw materials and logistical bottlenecks as the war expanded in 1944. Then it observes the impact of the military deterioration in 1945 on production, distribution, evacuation, and disruption operations. It concludes that Mittelbau-Dora was not reduced to being just a production site, but represented a mechanism for embodying the intersection of technology with the decision to wage war.

The global media landscape has witnessed fundamental transformations over the past two decades, altering the very nature of journalistic practice. The digital revolution has reshaped the structure of media work, propelling traditional journalism beyond the constraints of time and place into an open digital space characterized by interactivity, speed, and diverse information sources. Amidst this transformation, artificial intelligence has emerged as a key driver of media development, contributing to advancements in journalistic production tools, data processing, fact-checking, and the reshaping of the relationship between journalists and their audiences.
In the Arab world, this transformation has taken on a complex dimension, where technological advancements intersect with the professional, cultural, and institutional challenges facing media organizations. Digital transformation has not been merely a technical process; it has constituted a structural shift in the very concept of journalism, requiring journalists to adopt new skills, including managing digital platforms, analyzing data, working with publishing algorithms, and understanding the dynamics of social media, which now directly influence the news agenda and public opinion.

This study aimed to explore the reality of using digital educational applications in developing teaching methods for Islamic studies courses from the perspective of specialists in educational technology, curricula and teaching methods, and Islamic studies at the Faculty of Education – Omdurman Islamic University. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach due to its effectiveness in examining phenomena as they exist in reality and analyzing them to reach conclusions that contribute to their development. The study population consisted of all faculty members specialized in the aforementioned fields, totaling (47) members. A purposive random sample of (39) members was selected, representing (82.97%) of the total population. To collect data, the researcher used a questionnaire after confirming its validity and reliability. The validity coefficients for all its domains ranged between (0.81) and (0.90), indicating strong reliability and appropriateness for the study objectives. The findings revealed that the “Quran with Tafsir” application was the most widely used in teaching Islamic studies courses, followed by the Quizlet and Kahoot applications, reflecting the importance of interactive and engaging content for students. The results also indicated that the primary benefits of these applications include enhancing teacher-student interaction, ease of content access, and promoting self-directed learning. The main obstacles identified were the lack of teacher training, weak infrastructure, and limited Arabic language support in some applications. Regarding the proposed solutions, recommendations such as professional training for teachers, providing adequate infrastructure, and Arabizing existing applications or developing high-quality Arabic educational apps received strong support from the experts. In light of the findings, the study recommended designing specialized training programs for teachers, improving the technological infrastructure, integrating digital applications into official curricula, and developing culturally and religiously appropriate digital educational tools

This research aims to study narrative space in the short story by analyzing selected examples from the stories of writer Yaqoub Jawad. Jawad is one of the literary voices who employed narrative space in an artistic manner that highlights his vision of reality and reveals the depth of his human experience. The research sheds light on how Jawad activates spatial, temporal, psychological, and social space in his texts, and the symbolic and suggestive connotations these spaces carry that contribute to deepening meaning and intensifying significance.
The study highlights that space, for the writer, is not presented as a static backdrop for events, but rather as a dynamic entity that interacts with the characters and influences the development of the narrative. The narrow, isolated spaces in some stories evoke feelings of suffocation and existential anxiety, while open spaces sometimes reflect states of dreaminess or escape from reality. The social and political dimension is also evident through the depiction of urban and rural space in contexts carrying critical or symbolic charges.

Andalusian decorations were an essential part of the artistic culture of that period, and were distinctively employed in women's fashion. Geometric shapes such as the eight-pointed star, squares and circles appeared on embroidered and woven fabrics, adding a geometric character that reflects balance and precision. Kufic and Naskh scripts were also used to decorate fashion, as they included religious phrases or poetic passages, and often adorned the edges and front parts of the clothes, adding an artistic and religious touch. Vegetable decorations such as arabesques and palm fans played a prominent role in decorating women's clothing, as they were embroidered in rich colors such as red, gold and green, which added beauty and richness to the clothes. These decorations were inspired by flowers and fruits such as pomegranates, which made the fashions reflect the vitality of Andalusian art.

This research examines the concept of the void judgment and its effect on the civil lawsuit, as one of the most delicate issues in civil procedural law due to its serious implications for legal stability and the rights of litigants. A civil lawsuit is considered the primary legal mechanism through which individuals seek judicial protection for violated rights. It is a procedural right that enables the courts to intervene and resolve disputes in accordance with the law.
The first part of the study addresses the nature of the civil lawsuit and the conditions for its admissibility, clarifying that the lawsuit is not a substantive right in itself but rather a procedural means to obtain judicial protection. The research explains the essential conditions for accepting a civil lawsuit, namely legal capacity, interest, and proper adversarial standing, all of which are regarded as matters of public order that courts must examine on their own initiative. The absence of any of these conditions leads to the inadmissibility of the lawsuit or the invalidity of its procedures.
The second part of the research focuses on the concept of the void judgment and its effects on the civil lawsuit. It reviews the different doctrinal approaches to defining a void judgment, whether material, legal, or mixed. The study concludes that a judgment is considered void when it lacks an essential element of its legal existence, such as being issued by an incompetent authority, rendered by a judge who has lost judicial status, issued in the absence of a genuine adversarial relationship, based on improper service of process, or lacking the judge’s signature.
The research further clarifies that a void judgment is deemed legally non-existent; it produces no legal effects, does not acquire res judicata authority, cannot be cured by the passage of time, and may be invoked at any stage. However, the effects of nullity do not necessarily extend to all procedural acts of the lawsuit. Certain evidentiary measures, such as confessions, oaths, and valid investigative procedures, may remain effective if they are sound in themselves, in order to uphold justice and prevent undue harm to the parties.
The study concludes with several findings and recommendations, most notably the need for explicit legislative regulation of void judgments within the Iraqi Civil Procedure Law, and the importance of modernizing litigation procedures—particularly service of process and electronic pleadings—in line with legal and technological developments, to strengthen procedural justice and ensure effective protection of rights.

The current research aims to identify "metacognitive strategies and their relationship to self-awareness among secondary school students in schools for gifted and talented students." To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive method was used. The research population consisted of (4831) male and female students from secondary schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Babylon Governorate. The research sample consisted of (244) male and female students who were randomly selected. Six schools were chosen (three) from boys' schools and (four) from girls' schools for the academic year (2025-2026). For this purpose, the researcher adopted the (Shoper, 2010) test to measure metacognitive strategies and extracted its statistical indicators. The reliability of the scale was also extracted using the split-half method, and its calculated value reached (0.842). It was also used with Cronbach's alpha equation, and the calculated reliability value reached (0.884), which are two values of high reliability in educational and psychological sciences. Regarding self-awareness, the researcher adopted Al-Budairi's scale (2014). After verifying its face and construct validity, the scale's reliability was established using the split-half method, yielding a calculated value of 0.82. Cronbach's alpha was also used, yielding a calculated value of 0.78. The final versions of the scales consisted of 37 items for metacognitive strategies and 30 items for self-awareness. Data analysis was performed using appropriate statistical methods for the research objectives, employing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) on a computer. The results showed that secondary school students possess metacognitive strategies. Statistically significant differences were found in students' levels of self-awareness. Furthermore, the results indicate a statistically significant correlation between metacognitive strategies and self-awareness among students. This is attributed to the fact that both variables share a common cognitive and psychological foundation: an individual's awareness of their mental processes, behavior, and self-regulation.

This study investigated the level of visual thinking skills among fifth-grade preparatory students in Art Education, focusing on visual reading, visual discrimination, spatial relationship perception, information interpretation, analysis, and meaning inference. The results showed that students demonstrated a high level of visual thinking, indicating their ability to perceive, organize, and understand visual information in art learning. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in visual thinking according to specialization, favoring literary stream students over scientific stream students. Significant gender differences were also found, with female students outperforming male students. In addition, variation was observed among visual thinking sub-skills, with higher levels in basic visual perception skills and relatively lower levels in higher-order cognitive skills, though within acceptable educational limits. These results highlight the importance of visual thinking in Art Education.

This research aims to explore the fundamental differences between traditional education and differentiated instruction, through a theoretical study based on educational literature and modern educational theories. Traditional education has been associated with a focus on the teacher as the primary source of knowledge and a reliance on indoctrination and instruction directed uniformly at all students. This often renders learners passive recipients and ignores individual differences in abilities, interests, and learning styles. Differentiated instruction takes into account the diversity among learners, as the teacher seeks to adapt content, activities, teaching methods, and assessment tools to suit the diverse needs of students. This model is based on modern educational principles, most notably constructivist learning, which places the student at the center of the educational process and promotes active participation. It focuses on developing thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills, rather than simply absorbing information. The theoretical study demonstrated that traditional education achieves a degree of organization and control in the classroom, but is limited in its response to learners\\' differing abilities, leading to an educational gap between students. Meanwhile, differentiated instruction contributes to educational justice by providing balanced learning opportunities, enhancing intrinsic motivation, and raising the level of academic and skill achievement.

This study aims to explore how Husseini rituals are employed in modern Arabic fiction, with a particular focus on the novel "Al-‘Urooj Al-Dami" (The Bloody Ascension) by Abdullah Al-Mayyali as a case study. Husseini rituals are considered a profound cultural and religious phenomenon that significantly contributes to shaping collective consciousness, making them a rich source for modern Arabic novels that seek to express the experiences and histories of their societies.
The research demonstrates that the novel "Al-‘Urooj Al-Dami" utilizes Husseini symbols and events as a narrative framework that bridges religious and humanistic values, highlighting themes of conflict and identity among individuals and groups. It shows how the integration of these rituals enhances the artistic depth of the novel and provides a narrative tool for evoking collective memory and critically analyzing social and political conditions from an innovative literary perspective.
A previous study by researcher Mohammed Al-Attar (2018) indicated that modern Arabic literature has benefited from religious rituals as a means to activate narrative structures, emphasizing how religious symbols have been employed to address issues of freedom and identity. This supports the notion that Husseini rituals serve not merely as descriptive elements, but as symbolic tools reflecting historical and social tensions.
In conclusion, the research affirms that the use of Husseini rituals in modern Arabic fiction, as exemplified in "Al-‘Urooj Al-Dami", reflects the complex interaction between religion, culture, and politics, and contributes to the evolution of narrative techniques—making it a phenomenon worthy of further study and analysis.

Britain paid close attention to the Arabian Gulf region, and Iraq in particular. This interest dates back to the early 17th century when the East India Company began opening agencies in the Arabian Gulf and the city of Basra. The Basra Agency, for example, became the East India Company's main center of activity. In its reports to the British government, the company emphasized Iraq's strategic location as the shortest route to British India. Based on this, Britain considered controlling Iraq crucial. After the outbreak of World War I and the Ottoman Empire's entry into the war on the side of Germany, the British government ordered the occupation of Iraq, which was then under Ottoman control. The era of World War I marked a turning point in modern Iraqi history. The conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Britain led to the entry of British forces and the occupation of Iraq, followed by the imposition of a British civil administration that contributed to shaping the country's political and social landscape. This research relies on Western and Arab historical sources to elucidate the objectives and nature of the British administration, its policies, and its impact on Iraqi society, culminating in its consequences and the emergence of subsequent governing systems.