magazine aldhakwat albedh

Abstract:
The research consists of two main axes: the first deals with the apartheid system, also known as apartheid, where the concept of apartheid, the emergence of this movement, and its development were reviewed, in addition to highlighting its manifestations and forms, as well as ways to confront and eliminate it. Attention was also given to international agreements concerned with eradicating this racist system. The second axis focused on the role of the African National Congress in confronting apartheid in South Africa, pointing to Nelson Mandela›s contributions within the African National Congress, along with addressing the period following apartheid. In conclusion, the research included a general summary as well as a list of references and sources used.

Abstract:
The river and sea routes of Andalusia have represented a vital element of the economic, military and cultural infrastructure of the Islamic state in the Iberian Peninsula since the Islamic conquest in the 8th century AD.
Andalusia enjoyed a distinct geographical location, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, in addition to the presence of a number of large rivers such as the Guadalquivir River and the Guadalquivir River. The Andalusian state relied on these waterways to transport goods and connect coastal cities with inland centers, as well as using them to communicate with North Africa and the Islamic Levant. The Andalusian naval fleets also had a prominent role in protecting the coasts, confronting the Byzantine and Crusader threat, and participating in international trade.Ports such as Cartagena, Almería, Malaga, Cadiz, Almería, Seville, and others were among the most prominent maritime centers in which maritime trade was active. As for the Guadalquivir River, it was a very important inland waterway, as ships used to travel through it to the city of Seville, which turned into a thriving river port.
These roads played a pivotal role in transporting agricultural and industrial products, such as olive oil, pottery, textiles, and leather, as well as in transporting travelers, pilgrims, and scholars between Andalusia and the Levant.All of this contributed to strengthening the position of Andalusia as a civilizational and economic bridge, as sea and river trade routes intersected to form an integrated network that helped in the transfer of goods, ideas and cultures. By studying these river and sea routes, we can understand the vital role they played in the growth of the Andalusian economy, the prosperity of cities, and the development of urbanization, in addition to their contribution to spreading the cultural influences of Andalusia in the world.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a proposed strategy according to the theory of self-determination in the achievement of the Principles of Education course and its principles and the development of royal thinking among university students. To verify the research objective, the researcher imposed the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who will study according to the proposed strategy and the average scores of the control group students who will study according to the usual method in the achievement test. To achieve this, the researcher chose an experimental design with partial control. She also intentionally chose the College of Basic Education/University of Babylon to conduct the experiment. The research sample consisted of (84) male and female students, with (42) male and female students for the experimental group and (42) male and female students for the control group. The researcher studied the experimental group with the proposed strategy and studied the control group in the usual way. The researcher verified the characteristics of the psychometric test and continued to apply the experiment for (10) weeks. At the end of the experiment, she applied the achievement test to the two groups. After that, she analyzed The results showed that the experimental group students who studied according to the proposed strategy outperformed the control group who studied in the usual way

Abstract:
The artistic architecture of storytelling is the way the narrative fabric of the narrative text (written material) appears on paper, and this appearance cannot acquire shape and form except with the presence of prior planning, clear intent, and clear intention on the part of the writer, due to his conviction that this artistic vessel (the internal form of the story) is the best carrier of ideas. And the visions that he wants to send to the reader, whether this form is divided into several sections or parts, or undivided, or in any other form that the storyteller deems more appropriate or optimal than others to maintain his communication with the reader.
Through our reading of a carefully selected group of Iraqi short stories written in the period (1990-2010), we found that some of their writers had resorted to writing a short story text characterized by a clear (modernism) in shaping its artistic architecture, This is done by fragmenting the narrative material or the main event and dividing it into multiple different sections that were cast into narrative templates distributed throughout the narrative fabric of the text.
The process of forming the artistic architecture of these texts was divided into three axes. The first represents (textual fragmentation), through which the short story is divided into multiple sections, each of which is indicated by numbers, subtitles, or any other typographical indication, The second is represented by (sectional story), through which the short story is divided into semi-independent (narrative panels), They are titled with internal titles that all fall under the banner of the main topic of the story. As for the third axis (sequential story), the main event of the story is divided into (narrative sections) titled with internal titles that are similar in pronunciation and connotation to the main story title through the use of updated narrative techniques.

Abstract:
The system of crimes and penalties in Iraqi criminal law serves as a mirror reflecting the development of legal thought and criminal justice in the state, and constitutes a field for the interaction between national legislation and international human rights principles. This study aims to analyze the legal structure of crimes and penalties in Iraqi criminal legislation by comparing its provisions with international human rights standards, particularly those contained in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other relevant international declarations and conventions.
The research focuses on the principle of criminal legality and the proportionality between crime and punishment, as they represent the two fundamental guarantees of human rights in the face of the state’s punitive authority. It also examines the extent to which Iraqi legislation aligns with international standards prohibiting torture and cruel or inhuman punishments, as well as its adoption of alternative sanctions that take into account rehabilitative and reformative dimensions rather than purely punitive ones. The descriptive method was followed in this thesis.
The study also provides a comparative analysis between the provisions of the Iraqi Penal Code and what is established in international instruments regarding the definition of crime, types of penalties, the rules governing their implementation, and the rights of the accused and convicted persons during investigation and enforcement stages.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the legal foundations of the concepts of crime and punishment in Iraqi criminal law and to clarify the extent of their consistency with constitutional principles that guarantee the protection of freedom and human dignity. It also seeks to define the relationship between Iraq’s penal system and human rights standards, particularly the principles set forth in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and to outline the limits of the state’s authority in criminalization and punishment in a manner consistent with the principle of criminal legality and without unjustified infringement upon individuals’ fundamental rights and freedoms.
The findings indicate that although Iraqi legislation contains advanced humanitarian principles, it still requires legislative and institutional development to enhance the balance between protecting society and safeguarding human dignity and basic rights. The results also highlight the need to reconsider the philosophy of punishment in Iraq so that it shifts from a tool of deterrence and retribution into a means of social reform and offender rehabilitation, in order to achieve criminal justice in its modern form aligned with human rights principles.

Abstract:
This research addresses the use of artificial intelligence and its existing programs to serve the sciences of the Qur’an and Hadith, and the extent to which new applications will be accepted in the future to serve these sciences and their related research, in keeping with the great and rapid development that the world is witnessing now. This research aims to introduce the concepts of artificial intelligence (AI), its origins, and its development. It also seeks to highlight the most important current applications of AI that can be utilized in the study of Islamic sciences, particularly the sciences of the Quran and Hadith. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges facing AI, leading to the interest of private institutions in training scientific personnel who are dedicated to developing and tailoring strategies that combine technology with Sharia principles. The research employs an analytical and descriptive methodology, analyzing data related to projects and research conducted using AI. It describes the potential outcomes that researchers may or may not achieve when applying this technology to Islamic Sharia sciences, especially the sciences of the Quran and Hadith. The research concludes that AI is a tool that must be under the supervision and scrutiny of specialists, within strict Sharia guidelines. Its application should be guided by a conscious and responsible scientific approach, as it is not without its challenges, risks, and responsibilities related to technical and linguistic aspects. Legally and ethically, this research opens the door to a range of promising future horizons that can contribute to renewing methods of Islamic education, developing researchers› tools, and disseminating Islamic knowledge in more effective ways, provided that this is done within a disciplined scientific framework that respects the sanctity of Islamic texts.
Abstract:
This research addresses the use of artificial intelligence and its existing programs to serve the sciences of the Qur’an and Hadith, and the extent to which new applications will be accepted in the future to serve these sciences and their related research, in keeping with the great and rapid development that the world is witnessing now. This research aims to introduce the concepts of artificial intelligence (AI), its origins, and its development. It also seeks to highlight the most important current applications of AI that can be utilized in the study of Islamic sciences, particularly the sciences of the Quran and Hadith. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges facing AI, leading to the interest of private institutions in training scientific personnel who are dedicated to developing and tailoring strategies that combine technology with Sharia principles. The research employs an analytical and descriptive methodology, analyzing data related to projects and research conducted using AI. It describes the potential outcomes that researchers may or may not achieve when applying this technology to Islamic Sharia sciences, especially the sciences of the Quran and Hadith. The research concludes that AI is a tool that must be under the supervision and scrutiny of specialists, within strict Sharia guidelines. Its application should be guided by a conscious and responsible scientific approach, as it is not without its challenges, risks, and responsibilities related to technical and linguistic aspects. Legally and ethically, this research opens the door to a range of promising future horizons that can contribute to renewing methods of Islamic education, developing researchers› tools, and disseminating Islamic knowledge in more effective ways, provided that this is done within a disciplined scientific framework that respects the sanctity of Islamic texts.
Keyword:Artificial intelligence, Quranic sciences, Hadith

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the strategies (Blue Flash Crossing) and (Classroom Cipher 30/70) in acquiring scientific concepts among fifth-grade primary students in Science and in developing their enlightened thinking. To achieve this, the researcher formulated the following two null hypotheses:
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the first experimental group who studied Science using the Blue Flash Crossing strategy, the second experimental group who studied the same subject using the Classroom Cipher 30/70 strategy, and the control group who studied by the conventional method in the Scientific Concepts Acquisition Test.
2- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the first experimental group who studied Science using the Blue Flash Crossing strategy, the second experimental group who studied the same subject using the Classroom Cipher 30/70 strategy, and the control group who studied by the conventional method in the Enlightened Thinking Test.
The researcher employed the experimental method with precise control and randomly selected Al-Zahawi School for Boys, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Babil / Hilla District. The research sample consisted of 90 students, divided into three groups: two experimental groups and one control group, with 30 students per group.
The researcher equated the groups on key variables, identified the content for the last three units of the Science textbook, and formulated 110 behavioral objectives according to Bloom›s taxonomy. Two instruments were used: a Concepts Acquisition Test (30 multiple-choice items) and an Enlightened Thinking Test (20 items), both validated and reliable. Data were analyzed using SPSS with various statistical methods (ANOVA, Scheffé test, item difficulty and discrimination indices, distractor effectiveness, Kuder formula, and Chi-square). Results showed the experimental groups outperformed the control group in concept acquisition and enlightened thinking, leading to practical recommendations presented in Chapter Four.

Abstract:
With the widespread adoption of digital technology in higher education, reliance on digital devices and software has become an integral part of daily learning activities. This has presented new challenges for students in their ability to manage their emotions and cope with academic stress. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the research question: To what extent does digital emotional intelligence, as a mediator, affect the relationship between intensive use of digital technologies and academic anxiety levels among university students? The study›s limitations are defined in several dimensions: Thematically, it focuses on the relationship between intensive use of digital tools and academic anxiety levels, considering digital emotional intelligence as a mediator. The study is conducted at the College of Basic Education, University of Sumer, Iraq. Temporally, it includes third-year students (morning and evening sessions) in the current semester. Finally, the sample size comprises 740 male and female students. The research variables included intensive use of digital technologies as the independent variable and academic anxiety as the dependent variable. The study employed an experimental design with two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Measurement instruments were applied before and after the intervention, and data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, including the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that the two groups were equivalent before the intervention, while after the intervention, statistically significant differences favored the experimental group. This indicates the ability of digital emotional intelligence to mitigate the effects of intensive use on academic anxiety. The results also showed that higher levels of digital emotional intelligence were associated with lower manifestations of academic anxiety. The validity and reliability of the study instruments were confirmed with Cronbach›s alpha coefficient of 0.894. Based on these findings, the study recommends including training programs to enhance digital emotional intelligence, encouraging the balanced use of digital technologies, and designing workshops to teach emotional control and digital social interaction skills. It also recommends continuous monitoring of academic anxiety and linking it to psychological support plans, along with expanding future studies across different disciplines and universities to enhance students› psychological adjustment and academic performance.

Abstract:
The issue of delineating interpretive discrepancies among certain Qur’anic exegetes—particularly in relation to the conceptual presence of the form of the surah as a Medinan composition—emerges within the framework of asbāb al-nuzūl (occasions of revelation) as a consistent exegetical unit. This can be attributed to the structural alignment of the numerical contexts of the designated verses (5–22) with the reports addressing the circumstances of the revelation of Sūrat Hal Atā (al-Insān). These reports are situated within a partial framework corresponding to the surah’s introductory section. Consequently, their contribution to defining the formal characteristics of the surah’s Medinan structure becomes evident through their manifestation within the cohesive framework of thematic and temporal coherence.
Such reports establish a thematic unity centered upon the act of feeding the needy, the orphan, and the captive—an act situated within temporal circumstances associated with the fulfillment of a vow made as gratitude for recovery from illness.
Moreover, an analytical application of these reports—viewed through the dual lens of the surah’s structural form, its contextual indicators, and linguistic correspondences observed across parallel Qur’anic surahs—reveals defining characteristics of structural integration within the numerical contexts of the non-specified verses (23–31). The examination of approximately twenty related reports within the corpus of asbāb al-nuzūl, together with their respective temporal settings, predominantly indicates that the complete structural form of Sūrat Hal Atā was revealed in Medina.

Abstract:
The issue of delineating interpretive discrepancies among certain Qur’anic exegetes—particularly in relation to the conceptual presence of the form of the surah as a Medinan composition—emerges within the framework of asbāb al-nuzūl (occasions of revelation) as a consistent exegetical unit. This can be attributed to the structural alignment of the numerical contexts of the designated verses (5–22) with the reports addressing the circumstances of the revelation of Sūrat Hal Atā (al-Insān). These reports are situated within a partial framework corresponding to the surah’s introductory section. Consequently, their contribution to defining the formal characteristics of the surah’s Medinan structure becomes evident through their manifestation within the cohesive framework of thematic and temporal coherence.
Such reports establish a thematic unity centered upon the act of feeding the needy, the orphan, and the captive—an act situated within temporal circumstances associated with the fulfillment of a vow made as gratitude for recovery from illness.
Moreover, an analytical application of these reports—viewed through the dual lens of the surah’s structural form, its contextual indicators, and linguistic correspondences observed across parallel Qur’anic surahs—reveals defining characteristics of structural integration within the numerical contexts of the non-specified verses (23–31). The examination of approximately twenty related reports within the corpus of asbāb al-nuzūl, together with their respective temporal settings, predominantly indicates that the complete structural form of Sūrat Hal Atā was revealed in Medina.

Abstract:
The issue of delineating interpretive discrepancies among certain Qur’anic exegetes—particularly in relation to the conceptual presence of the form of the surah as a Medinan composition—emerges within the framework of asbāb al-nuzūl (occasions of revelation) as a consistent exegetical unit. This can be attributed to the structural alignment of the numerical contexts of the designated verses (5–22) with the reports addressing the circumstances of the revelation of Sūrat Hal Atā (al-Insān). These reports are situated within a partial framework corresponding to the surah’s introductory section. Consequently, their contribution to defining the formal characteristics of the surah’s Medinan structure becomes evident through their manifestation within the cohesive framework of thematic and temporal coherence.
Such reports establish a thematic unity centered upon the act of feeding the needy, the orphan, and the captive—an act situated within temporal circumstances associated with the fulfillment of a vow made as gratitude for recovery from illness.
Moreover, an analytical application of these reports—viewed through the dual lens of the surah’s structural form, its contextual indicators, and linguistic correspondences observed across parallel Qur’anic surahs—reveals defining characteristics of structural integration within the numerical contexts of the non-specified verses (23–31). The examination of approximately twenty related reports within the corpus of asbāb al-nuzūl, together with their respective temporal settings, predominantly indicates that the complete structural form of Sūrat Hal Atā was revealed in Medina.

Abstract:
Narrative interpretation is one of the oldest interpretations, with an approach based on tradition. Therefore, this topic is of great importance and has a positive impact on the sound faith of the Muslim individual, as those who learn the true meaning of the divine intent of the Qur'anic text are able to build the faith that God intended for the individual Muslim. This research focuses on the advantages of the narrative interpretation approach and the features that have placed it in the forefront of interpretive approaches, according to the statements of some scholars who favor it, based on the principle that "Whoever has received the Qur'an is more knowledgeable about its duties and legislation, both apparent and hidden, clear and ambiguous," and other matters that have been entrusted and given to the Noble Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). While those who hold the opposing view see the opposite, they see several problems with this approach, including what has been attributed to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) in his sayings, i.e., the Messenger's (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) reports, as well as in his approval and actions. Furthermore, many hadiths have been inserted by those who seek to seduce and stalk the Muhammadan message, with the goal of ending it and, at the very least, deviating from the path set forth by God Almighty and His Noble Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).

Abstract:
This study presents a critical edition of a rare grammatical manuscript entitled “A Treatise on the Principles of I‘rab” by Abu al-Qasim ibn Habib al-Naysaburi (d. 406 AH). The manuscript survives in a single copy preserved at the Ismihan Sultan Library in Turkey. The research provides an overview of the author’s biography, his scholarly position, and his intellectual contributions, followed by a detailed description of the manuscript, its academic significance, and the methodology adopted by the author in compiling it, as well as the principal sources upon which he relied.
The editorial work aimed to reconstruct the text in a manner consistent with the author’s original intent, while at the same time making it accessible to the modern reader. To this end, the manuscript was transcribed according to contemporary orthographic conventions, punctuation marks were introduced, selected words were vocalized, and explanatory annotations were added where necessary to remove ambiguity. Additional clarification was provided for certain sentences deemed in need of elaboration. Qur’anic verses and poetic citations were traced back to their original sources, and thematic headings were incorporated to facilitate clarity and organization.

Abstract:
This study presents a critical edition of a rare grammatical manuscript entitled “A Treatise on the Principles of I‘rab” by Abu al-Qasim ibn Habib al-Naysaburi (d. 406 AH). The manuscript survives in a single copy preserved at the Ismihan Sultan Library in Turkey. The research provides an overview of the author’s biography, his scholarly position, and his intellectual contributions, followed by a detailed description of the manuscript, its academic significance, and the methodology adopted by the author in compiling it, as well as the principal sources upon which he relied.
The editorial work aimed to reconstruct the text in a manner consistent with the author’s original intent, while at the same time making it accessible to the modern reader. To this end, the manuscript was transcribed according to contemporary orthographic conventions, punctuation marks were introduced, selected words were vocalized, and explanatory annotations were added where necessary to remove ambiguity. Additional clarification was provided for certain sentences deemed in need of elaboration. Qur’anic verses and poetic citations were traced back to their original sources, and thematic headings were incorporated to facilitate clarity and organization.

Abstract:
This study presents a critical edition of a rare grammatical manuscript entitled “A Treatise on the Principles of I‘rab” by Abu al-Qasim ibn Habib al-Naysaburi (d. 406 AH). The manuscript survives in a single copy preserved at the Ismihan Sultan Library in Turkey. The research provides an overview of the author’s biography, his scholarly position, and his intellectual contributions, followed by a detailed description of the manuscript, its academic significance, and the methodology adopted by the author in compiling it, as well as the principal sources upon which he relied.
The editorial work aimed to reconstruct the text in a manner consistent with the author’s original intent, while at the same time making it accessible to the modern reader. To this end, the manuscript was transcribed according to contemporary orthographic conventions, punctuation marks were introduced, selected words were vocalized, and explanatory annotations were added where necessary to remove ambiguity. Additional clarification was provided for certain sentences deemed in need of elaboration. Qur’anic verses and poetic citations were traced back to their original sources, and thematic headings were incorporated to facilitate clarity and organization.

Abstract:
scholars have noted the interconnectedness between quranic words and the meanings they convey, regardless of whether these words are nouns, verbs, or particles. in the holy quran, particles play a significant role in generating diverse meanings. each particle in quranic expression carries a meaning that requires contemplation to uncover its underlying significance and infer its implications. these particles have indications that necessitate intellectual effort to reach their hidden meanings, secrets, and intended purposes, and to grasp the depth of their significance. scholars have used the term «particles of meaning» due to their contribution to producing meaning and generating interpretations without being detached from their contextual framework.
this research focused on the indications of particles of meaning in surah ta-ha, and their role in altering the context of the quranic text, relying on divine guidance and available linguistic and interpretive resources. the particles of meaning in surah ta-ha varied between prepositions, conjunctions, and accusative particles, and were divided into operating and non-operating particles. these particles also varied in their frequency within the surah, with some being used extensively, such as the preposition «min» which appeared in 41 instances, while others appeared only once, like the oath particle «wa». the research also observed the rarity of the particle «ba», and these particles differed in their meanings, with some sharing common meanings like causality, which was associated with more than one particle.