Journal of Al-Ma’rifa for Humanities

This research deals with the hadiths narrated by Imam al-Tabarani in al-Kabir and Imam al-Haythami in Majma' al-Zawa'id and the source of benefits are isnaad hasan in the book of purity, the chapter of the water of the sea, and the virtue of ablution, the research deals with the hadiths narrated by al-Tabarani in his great dictionary, and Imam al-Haythami said about them in his book Majma' al-Zawa'id and the source of benefits, its isnaad is good, and included the research that is derived from the doctoral thesis, which includes an introduction, and three topics that talk about the personal and scientific lives of Imams al-Tabarani and al-Haythami - may God have mercy on them - and the isnaad of al-hassan, and a study The chain of hadith, followed by a conclusion that introduces the most important findings of the research, accompanied by a list of sources and references, and God is the Successful.

This research examines and critically edits the section entitled “Kitāb al-Ḥajj” (The Book of Pilgrimage) from the manuscript encyclopedia known as “al-Majmūʿa al-ʿAliyya fī al-Fiqh al-Ḥanafī” by Shaykh al-Islām ʿAlī Afandī Jataljah Lī (d. 1103 AH). The study follows a structured plan consisting of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction highlights the importance of manuscript-based juristic heritage and the reasons for republishing it, given its significant role in connecting the present of the Muslim ummah with its past, as well as benefiting from established methodologies in addressing unprecedented issues (nawāzil) within detailed branches of Islamic jurisprudence. The first chapter presents a brief study introducing the author, clarifying his scholarly status and his role in issuing fatwas. It also introduces Sharīf Zāda Muḥammad al-Qāḍī and his efforts in collecting and organizing the fatwas of Shaykh al-Islām ʿAlī Afandī, who was his maternal grandfather. The second chapter provides a concise study of the manuscript by verifying its attribution to the author, outlining his methodology and scholarly sources, and describing the manuscript copies relied upon in the critical edition. The third chapter contains the edited text, including the full content of “Kitāb al-Ḥajj”, while highlighting the most significant juristic issues discussed therein, especially those related to contemporary cases (nawāzil) and rulings on acts of worship. The conclusion emphasizes the scholarly value of the manuscript, demonstrated through the richness of its juristic material in addressing intricate legal issues based on authoritative sources.

This study aims to examine the descriptions of Paradise and Hell in Sahih al-Bukhari, both at the lexical and structural levels. A proper reading of the text requires focusing on the structures of its words and phrases, as well as their meanings, to provide an accurate understanding of these descriptions. Numerous descriptions of Paradise and Hell appear in Sahih al-Bukhari, using both individual words and compound expressions with diverse connotations.
The research is divided into two main sections:
The first section explores the semantic meanings of individual words used to describe Paradise and Hell.
The second section analyzes the meanings of the syntactic structures used for these descriptions.
The study is based on the collection of hadiths from Al-Jami‘ al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar min Umur Rasul Allah wa Sunanihi wa Ayyamihi (Sahih al-Bukhari), compiled by Imam al-Bukhari (d. 256 AH). The version used in this research is the one available in Al-Maktaba Al-Shamela, edited by Muhammad Zuhair ibn Nasser Al-Nasser.

The research is based on the study and demonstration of the status of very small creatures in the Qur\'anic text and the knowledge and tracking of their rhetoric and their suitability for the context in which they are mentioned, and these very small creatures are mentioned in a variety of different forms, including (atom), (sperm), (leech), (leech) and (mutaghah) and were chosen because they represent in the environment of the speakers at the time of the revelation extremely small and delicate creatures that are difficult to perceive and see directly, such as the mosquito, the fly and others that are familiar and visible, such as the gnat The research included a technical and graphical study of the Qur\'anic texts that mentioned these creatures in terms of their rhetorical connotations and stylistic dimensions that reflect the depth of Qur\'anic expression, accuracy in the choice of words, and the ingenuity of the context in employing these (very small creatures) in a way that serves the general meaning and makes them the focus of the context; and enriches the legal and educational purpose of the Holy Qur\'anic text. The research shows the paradox between the smallness and insignificance of the creatures and the strength of the meanings and indications they convey, which show the main purpose of showing human helplessness in the face of divine power and greatness.

This study examines chapter heading (tarājim al-abwāb) their importance, and their relationship to thinking and the organization of information, with an applied analysis drawn from the Sunan of Imām Ibn Mājah’s, taking the hadiths on eclipses as a mode. The research adopts an objective analytical method. The Prophetic hadiths are presented, the type of each chapter heading is identified, and the relationship between the headings and the hadiths is explained, analyzed, and supported with evidence. The grading of the hadiths was left to the judgments of the verifying scholars according to the edition adopted in this study, which was deemed sufficient. The hadiths were traced to the six canonical collections. The study demonstrates that Ibn Mājah’s classification represents a form of organized intellectual practice. His arrangement was not merely formal but the result of systematic and methodical scholarly thinking. A close relationship exists between the chapter headings and the content of the hadiths, as a clear harmony appears in his Sunan between each chapter title and the hadiths listed under it. This highlights the significance of studying his work in terms of its intellectual structure and knowledge organization, especially in light of the current need to emphasize methodological thinking within the hadith tradition. From this perspective, Ibn Mājah’s chapter headings constitute an important gateway to understanding the features of his scholarly thought. His method of organization reflects a movement from the general to the particular. The study concludes that chapter headings are an integral part of the book’s cognitive structure, reflecting the author’s awareness of the nature of hadith knowledge in a way that supports comprehension and legal inference. It also seeks to uncover the intellectual dimensions underlying the formulation of these headings. Among the most important findings is the close relationship between the chapter headings and the content of the hadiths within them, indicating prior mental organization of information and a logical progression from concept to evidence. This demonstrates the compiler’s concern for effective organization and presentation to the reader. Chapter headings guide the reader’s understanding toward a specific interpretive angle, making them an educational tool that contributes to the development of hadith-based reasoning rather than merely a means of indexing. The study recommends further specialized research on chapter headings in thebooks of Sunnah and their connection to cognitive studies.

This study examines dialogue as a fundamental Islamic value that contributes to the promotion of civil peace and the restoration of the social fabric in post-crisis contexts. It proceeds from the premise that the absence of a culture of dialogue exacerbates conflicts and deepens social divisions, whereas activating dialogue—grounded in religiously rooted human values—enhances reconciliation and social integration. The study adopts an Islamic value-based perspective and employs an analytical approach to examine Qur’anic texts, review the intellectual heritage, and relate these foundations to the contemporary realities of crises in Muslim societies. The findings indicate that dialogue is not merely a communicative tool, but rather a civilizational value founded upon recognition of the other, respect for diversity, and prioritization of the common good. When adopted as a mechanism for managing disagreement, dialogue mitigates conflict and rebuilds trust among the components of society. The study recommends integrating the values of dialogue into educational curricula, development strategies, and national reconciliation initiatives in support of sustainable stability.

ABSTRACT
This study seeks to explore the concept of poetics as a concept intertwined with other terms and concepts, such as poetics and composition. This intertwining existed in ancient criticism before modern criticism, both Western and Arab. The studies revealed that poetics is divided into two parts: one concerned with the study of narrative features, which is called "narrativity," and the other concerned with the study of poetic features, which is called "poetics." The study also examined the very short story as a literary model containing the characteristics of poetics, both poetic and narrative. These characteristics distinguish this genre from others, to the point that poetic and narrative features have become intertwined with it, to the point where it is difficult to discuss its narrative elements without mentioning its poetic features, or to mention its poetic features without mentioning its basic narrative elements. This stems from its narrative nature, first, and its intense poetic nature, second.

This research is based on studying (the style of the special vocative in Walid Al-Sarraf's collections) in poetic discourse rhetorically, and the effect of this poetic discourse, with its brevity, on presenting the scientific idea without compromising the intended meaning. This style included the metaphorical purposes of the vocative in the grammatical structure, and the vocative sentence in the Arabic language consists of four parts: the vocative tool, the person being called, the person being called for, and the purpose for which the vocative came out. All parts of the vocative sentence combined to come out to multiple rhetorical purposes, which we will in a scientific manner and study clarity.

In this research entitled (Semiotics of Intersecting Passions in Al-Arji’s Poetry), the intersecting passions represent a central focus, as these passions do not depend on a specific lexical division, but rather are independent under a clear title. These desires create in the self the desire that has the capacity for desire and knowledge, and this makes these desires bear the characteristic of movement and strong emotions, because the desire for knowledge obliges the self to have strong emotions and movement while focusing on the goal of these desires, which is anticipating the future. For the captivating self, time is the primary axis that drives the self toward movement and turmoil in order to satisfy the desire to know the future. Accordingly, the research, within the framework of this descriptive semiotic treatment, included the study of two levels:
The first level is theoretical and includes a study of the semiotics of passions in terms of language and terminology, as well as passion, the concept of intersecting passions, and a brief biography of the poet Al-Arji. While the second level includes a study of the applied aspect related to the analysis of Al-Arji's poetic texts, and demonstrating the density of the emotional mass within them and its impact on the nature of poetic expression within the framework of a series of categories of intersecting passions, such as: (contradiction, indifference, fear, anxiety, escape, and aversion).

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ABSTRACT
The current research aims to identify "teaching Arabic language according to the Neale model and its impact on the achievement of fourth-grade middle school students."To achieve this goal,the researcher formulated the null hypothesis: "There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05)between the average scores of students in the experimental group taught according to the Neale model and the average scores of students in the controlgroup taught according to the usual method in the achievement test for the Arabic language subject"In light of this,the Martyr HusseinDarwish Preparatory School for Boys was intentionally selected; the research sample amounted to (81) students distributed into two sections: Section (A) with (41) students in the experimental group taught according to the Neale model, and Section (B) with (40) students in the control group, taught according to the usual method. The researcher used the experimental design with equivalent groups, and the researcher conducted the equivalence process in a number of variables: chronological age calculated in months, the Arabic language grade for the first semester, the general average for the first semester of the year (2024-2025), intelligence quotient (RAVN), and the parents' academic achievement. The research tool was formulated and prepared by The researcher conducted an achievement test consisting of (21) multiple-choice and blank test items and (4) specific and open essay items. The test was characterized by validity and reliability. The results showed that the use of the (Neale) model had a clear impact on the achievement of the students of the experimental group.Based on these results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions,and presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

This research highlights the art of antithesis in the poetry collection of the poet Laila Al-Akhiliya, examining the significance of this rhetorical device. It aids and supports the poet in two ways: the first is in expressing her feelings through the use of opposites, and the second is in influencing the recipient and attracting their attention. The research is divided into two sections: (positive antithesis) and (negative antithesis). The poetic examples are then treated in an analytical and applied manner using an analytical rhetorical study of the selected poetic samples.

Place stands out as a fundamental axis in any literary work, representing a formative element that gives the literary text its uniqueness and authenticity. If place is absent, its uniqueness and authenticity are lost. Therefore, this research includes the significance of moving natural places, such as rivers, seas, and deserts, etc., which are the poet's source of inspiration. Natural places appear in Mai Muzaffar's poetry, including aquatic and terrestrial places. She employs these places in her poems to express her human experiences and emotional and intellectual transitions, using a wonderful artistic style that enhances the value of place and the transition between them. Especially aquatic and terrestrial places, characterized by movement and vast spaces, these places are characterized by constant movement and serve as a link between other places. In this research, we have addressed a constellation of these constantly moving places in Mai Muzaffar's poetry. However, before delving into the space of places and explaining the significance of each, we have addressed the concept of place, both linguistically and technically, as the main approach to our research.

Ibn Abd Rabbuh al-Andalusi (D. 328 A.H.) is considered one of the most prominent poets of Andalusia in the fourth century AH. The duality of presence and absence is evident in his poetry in various forms: the presence of the poetic self, the absence of the beloved, longing for place and time, and longing for the homeland. This research examines the manifestations of the concepts of presence and absence in his poetry and analyzes their aesthetic and semantic dimensions. It is a distinct phenomenon whose motives vary according to its use in his poetry. The research consists of an introduction that defines the concepts of presence and absence linguistically and technically, followed by an introduction to the poet. It then includes three chapters: the first: the presence of the poet's self and the absence of the other; the second: the absence of the homeland and the presence of memory; and the third: the space of presence and absence. Finally, it concludes with the research findings. Keywords: The presence of the poet’s self and the absence of the other, the absence of the homeland and the presence of memory, the space of presence and absence.

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This research addresses the role played by the Palestinian cause in the emergence of the Arab Nationalist Movement (1948–1967). Since the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Arab world witnessed the rise of political and intellectual currents in response to the challenges facing the region. Among these was the Arab nationalist current, which expressed the Arabs’ desire for independence and the establishment of a unified Arab national state. One of the prominent manifestations of this current was the Arab Nationalist Movement, whose emergence was closely tied to the 1948 Nakba. The Palestinian cause gave the movement a broader national dimension, and Palestinian figures were actively present within its ranks. The movement managed to gain support from President Gamal Abdel Nasser. However, the defeat of 1967 and internal ideological differences led the movement to shift toward localized action, eventually becoming part of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

A state is comprised of several elements that define its geopolitical character: territory. population. government. and sovereignty. In light of contemporary shifts in political governance patterns driven by technological advancements. e-government has emerged as a strategic tool for state administration. This research aims to study e-government indicators from a geopolitical perspective. It employs a scientific approach that bridges the technical concept with a geopolitical analysis of the most prominent indicators revealing the extent of a country\'s progress in implementing e-government. The study focuses on selected oil-producing countries such as Iraq and the UAE. non-oil-producing countries such as Lebanon and Egypt. and regional powers of strategic importance such as Turkey. Iran. and Israel. The goal is to uncover the geopolitical decline of these countries based on their geopolitical situation. political system. strategic visions. financial resources. and security and political stability. The research is based on the premise that a country\'s implementation of e-government is not solely dependent on its technical capabilities but also on its geopolitical situation. which defines its character and strategic vision. according to the methodology of power analysis. The research concluded that countries with political. security. and economic stability and open regional and international relations are more capable of adopting e-government compared to countries suffering from a fragile geopolitical situation represented by political. security. and economic crises and conflicts that weaken national will and deprive it of the elements of strength that enable it to adopt e-government.

John Galsworthy (1867-1933), a notable British writer of drama and novels of the Twentieth Century, has concentrated on many social problems in his novels, the most important of which is The Forsyte Saga, dealing with important problems both about nature and human behavior, but also has elements of materialism, which are the implications about the nature of man. It is also the foreshadowing of current issues involved in sustainability to which we arrive in a way or another through his time in the present era. Therefore, the present research aims at conducting a critical study of The Forsyte Saga with reference to the environmental, social, and economic implications that have a bearing on the understanding of materialism, as far as it is closely related to the concepts of sustainability. This is tackled through its means of character introduction, and its representation of places such as Robin Hill, that Galsworthy's saga gives the mordant criticism of the unsustainability of the systems studied, that are at variance with a viable system. It is important to state the unsustainability of the disassociation with each other and nature from the purely environmental aspect. It is significant to mention the unsustainability of the social attitudes involved in the class distinction and the family set-up that is based on property. More emphasis is laid on the unsustainability of the economic system which means the materialistic nature of the social structure. But also the study has bearing on better understanding of the thoughts of Galsworthy on both man and nature and how this applies to the understanding of the present trend toward sustainability.

The controversy over the man-woman social roles is central to most of Bernard Shaw's plays. In his Saint Joan, the main focus is this covert issue as it reveals the identity of Saint Joan, herself whether a French or an English saint. The religious title, Saint, which is usually confined to man is an important question raised for discussion in Shaw’s play. The Deconstructive approach is applied to this text to show how the logocentric term of the binary opposition, represented by man as the centre of sermons, kicking woman outside the centre, has been reversed by George Bernard Shaw. If John as a male national name is in the centre of the discussion, Joan as a female is reversed by it to reflect the equality and to re-root citizenship. Finally, the research finds that women feel responsible to spread religion, exactly like men. Though she struggles and sacrifices herself, but finally she achieves her aim as a new woman, who defends herself and identity in an unwomanly way.

This research aims to investigate the effective role of the crossword puzzle in developing first intermediate students’ achievement and interest in English. As such, two null hypotheses have been set. The population of the study includes first-grade female students at the intermediate stage in the city of Mosul during the academic year 2025-2026. The sample consists of 78 female students, evenly divided into the experimental group who were taught according to the crossword puzzle, and the control group who were taught according to the conventional method. The post-test equivalent groups represented the experimental design. The research hypotheses have been validated on the basis of the relevant achievement and interest tests. By applying the T-test of two distinct groups to the collected data, there have been statistically significant differences between the two groups, as the experimental group has outperformed the control group on both the achievement and interest tests.

This research aims to critically study Mohammad El-Sebai's translation of a number of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam as he translated them from the English version by Edward Fitzgerald, focusing on three analytical levels: formal/structural, stylistic, and semantic. The hypothesis was based on the fact that El-Sebai's translation tends to adapt to Arabic poetic meters and the local cultural environment more than adhering to the quadripartite system and stylistic form adopted by Fitzgerald. To achieve this, the research relied on three translation models: Catford's formal Correspondence model (1965) to assess structure, Katharina Reiss 's functional model (2000) to analyze style, and Newmark's semantic translation model (1981) to study meaning. These models were applied to five selected quatrains from the translated text. Findings showed that El-Sebai frequently transcended the original quadrilateral form, transforming texts into quintets, reflecting his tendency to harmonize with the rhythms of Arabic poetry rather than preserve a foreign structure. His translations also clearly relied on Arabic rhetorical images and stylistic devices, while his semantic treatment ranged from faithfulness to creative expression, giving the text a distinctly Arabic cultural dimension.

The present paper investigates the challenges of translating Hellfire-related verbs from the Noble Qur'an into English, focusing on the religious and semantic obstacles that hinder accurate translation. It aims to assess the accuracy of English renditions of selected Hellfire-related verbs, considering the intricate religious and linguistic dimensions in the original Arabic text. The study draws upon the interpretations of well-known Qur’anic exegetes, including Ibn Kathir, Al-Zamakhshari, Al-Tabari, Ibn ‘Ashur, and Al-Sabuni, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the original meanings. The study hypothesizes that English renditions provided by renowned translators, namely, Pickthall, Khan, Shakir, Rashad, Maulana, Sarwar, Sherali, and Yusuf Ali, often fail to fully capture the intended religious and semantic meanings. A sample of four Quranic verbs related to the Hellfire is selected and analyzed using Nababan et al. (2012) ’s Translation Quality Assessment Model. Findings reveal significant variation in translation accuracy, with some translators conveying the intended meanings to a reasonable extent, while others fall short, resulting in semantic distortion or loss of religious nuance.

Medical language occupies an essential position in human being’s life. However, teaching medical language effectively is not an easy task, it requires adopting the most suitable teaching material and techniques through language learning in the class. So, learning how to spell and pronounce medical terms and how to use them appropriately in specific contexts is regarded as a crucial step for medical specialists. In this sense, this study attempts to design a practical syllabus based on the Communicative Language Teaching Approach for the first-year students of Medicine at the University of Mosul. The study targets (65) first-year students, (37) males and (28) females, from the College of Medicine at the University of Mosul. As for the data collection tools, a needs and identification analysis questionnaire and an observation method were adopted in the current research. The suggested lessons of syllabus are designed based on data collected from the needs and identification analysis and the observation. The study recommends implementing the syllabus designed on communicative approaches rather than structural ones in the language teaching process.

People use verbal and nonverbal ways to express their feelings and emotions. Using emojis in social media is one of the ways used to express feelings. This study investigates the use of emojis by Iraqi Facebook users and aims to find the similarities and differences in using emojis between males and females (henceforth: Ms and Fs). It also aims to reveal gender identity by using emojis in Facebook messenger texts. The study uses a questionnaire by Google form to ask (201) participants, in the city of Mosul/ Iraq, about the emojis they use to express different feelings and emotions. The study concludes that Iraqi Facebook users employ different emojis to express different feelings and emotions. Furthermore, there are similarities and differences among Ms and Fs in using emojis to express different feelings and the agreement on the choice among Ms is more than Fs. Finally, using emojis can reveal gender identity among Iraqi Facebook users.

Lexical cohesion basically refers to the repetition of words and the role of some specific semantic relationships between words to create textuality. The problem of the study lies in detecting the types of lexical cohesive devices used in the short story under focus which hang it together. Further, this paper aims at discovering the lexical cohesive devices employed in al-Manfaluti’s short story ‘The Fisherman’. As far as the data analysis is concerned, the study adopts Renkema and Schubert’s model (2018). According to them, lexical cohesive devices are divided into two divisions: reiteration and collocation. The former compresses on repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and meronymy, whereas the latter includes only collocation. The study concludes that repetition is the most frequently employed lexical cohesive device, whereas hyponymy and meronymy are the least utilized ones. Also, it concludes that lexical cohesive devices, particularly repetition, are central to literariness and they play a crucial role in giving the text its literary creativity. Additionally, the study reveals that lexical cohesive devices are essential linguistic merits that contributes to developing readers’ vocabulary.