AL-SSEBT JOURNAL

The Egyptian Al-Hussaini poet employed the technique of repetition in his poetry to demonstrate his role in serving the Husseini case, and he was able to create a complete text, that formally and semantically linked, it transformed the method of repetition from Just confirming a belief into an important means of convincing people. The Husseini issue greatly influenced in the Arab character in Egypt.
The Husseini case was the reason for great achievements in the scientific and intellectual fields, especially during the Fatimids era. The Egyptian Husayni text contains types of repetition, letters and sentences, and a formula in specific places in the poetic verse, which created a rhythm in which everyone who reads the text. The repetition method was not the goal in the text, but rather a means of conveying the idea to the recipient that read the text.

Given the significant importance of Friday sermons in the holy city of Karbala, both locally and internationally, this study sheds light on their significance by outlining their characteristics. It then addresses the major events that disrupted social peace in Iraq, followed by an examination of the positions taken by the religious authority (Marja'iyya) regarding these events—positions often expressed through Friday sermons, which played a profound role in promoting peace among the people of Iraq.
In reality, this study primarily relies on the texts of Friday sermons, with limited reference to other sources.

Many scholars who emerged in Iraq and Iran left a significant impact and clear marks on jurisprudence (fiqh), hadith, the principles of jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh), and all Islamic sciences. In this modest study, we address the most prominent of these scholars who resided in the holy city of Karbala—whether they were born there or born elsewhere but spent their lives in Karbala, studying and teaching in its religious seminaries (hawzas). They had a substantial influence in various fields of Islamic and jurisprudential sciences.
Among these distinguished scholars is Sheikh Hamid Al-Naynawai, who developed the religious seminary in Karbala and established within it a curriculum for the principles of jurisprudence and other sciences. Also notable is Sheikh Yusuf Al-Bahrani, known as the author of Al-Hada’iq, who had a great impact on the religious seminaries—particularly in Karbala—since his important book and methodology were taught there for nearly seventy years.
Other prominent scholars include: Sayyid Muhammad Al-Mujahid Al-Tabataba’i, Sayyid Ja‘far Al-Tabataba’i, Sayyid Muhammad Al-Mazandarani, Sayyid Husayn Al-Ha’iri, and Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Al-Ha’iri, whose lives and contributions will be examined in detail in this research, God willing.
The aim of this study is to shed particular light on the most prominent scholars of Karbala through collection and analysis. This study may also benefit students of knowledge and researchers who require information about notable figures associated with the holy city of Karbala.

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The uprising of Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) serves as a practical model of divine guidance in Islamic history, where creed, history, and politics intersect to highlight the eternal truth that justice and righteousness are the core principles of the divine message. Martyrdom in the path of God represents the highest level of obedience and fulfillment of divine duty, and the greatest form of struggle is speaking the truth before a tyrannical ruler. All these principles were manifested in the blessed Hussaini uprising and have remained immortal until the Day of Resurrection.

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Cultural identity represents a dynamic concept shaped by historical, religious, and social transformations. This study examines the interaction between modernity and authenticity in shaping Karbala\'s cultural identity, where the city combines a deep religious heritage with the increasing influences of globalization and digital media. The importance of this study stems from the challenges posed by rapid cultural transformations, necessitating an analysis of the impact of external factors on traditions and the identity\'s ability to maintain its authenticity.
The descriptive-analytical method was used, and data was collected from 50 participants. The results indicate that 85% of the participants believe that globalization has significantly affected the Karbala cultural identity, particularly in customs, language, and social behaviors, while 80% confirmed that social media has become a major force in shaping cultural perceptions through the images, ideas, and concepts it conveys.
Modernity is understood here as the process of adapting to contemporary changes, while authenticity refers to preserving rooted cultural values and symbols. The interaction between the two lies in finding a balance that allows the identity to remain true to its roots while being open to renewal. The results indicate that the Karbala identity remains cohesive, as it is renewed through education, digital documentation, and community initiatives.
The results also confirm that cultural identity is inherently reshaped and demonstrates flexibility in interacting with the digital and social environment, allowing for the integration of authenticity with modernity without losing the cultural essence. The study recommends the importance of supporting education and local cultural media and employing digital technology in documentation and publication to ensure the sustainability of cultural identity amidst global changes.

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The study of family size represents an important field in geographical research and studies, as it helps to understand demographic changes in society and monitor population growth rates. It also identifies factors influencing family formation and changes in the number of individuals in each family. Additionally, it contributes to analyzing the impact of social and economic policies on families and their economic patterns, ensuring the formulation of policies that enhance family welfare and improve the quality of life. Moreover, studies related to family size are crucial in rural planning, as they determine population and housing needs and guide efforts aimed at improving infrastructure and public services. They also help identify the consumption patterns of families and their economic requirements, which in turn aid in directing economic policies and improving economic performance. This research consists of three main sections. The first section examines the geographical distribution of family size in the rural areas of Karbala governorate for the period 1997-2020 and tracks the trends in average family size during this period. The second section focuses on studying the factors influencing family size. It highlights the impact of various factors such as family income, economic activity, social customs and traditions, educational level, religious aspects, early marriage, and polygamy on family size. The third section deals with forecasting the future average family size in the year 2030.

This research aims to study and analyze the phenomenon of divorce in the Indian and Western Judiciaries, from a geographical perspective focusing on the causes of this phenomenon from the perspective of a sample from the study area. The research relied on a spatial analysis approach using statistical data extracted from divorce court records, in addition to a field study that included a questionnaire distributed to 300 samples representing the study community.
The most prominent findings of the study are that there is a clear disparity in the number of divorced people in the study area during the study period, as their rates are constantly increasing. In the Hindiya District Center, the number of divorced people was (280) divorce cases in 2020, which rose to (480) divorce cases in 2024. In the Western Jadwal District, the number of divorced people reached (119) divorce cases in 2020, which rose to (160) divorce cases in (2024).
The same is the case in Al-Khairat district, where (39) divorce cases were recorded in 2020 and (82) divorce cases in 2024. The research also concluded that personal and behavioral reasons are the most common factors and causes of divorce from the point of view of the research sample, as their percentage reached 50%, followed by economic factors at a percentage of (37.9%), which indicates the impact of living and behavioral problems on marital stability, followed by health and psychological factors at a percentage of (12.9%).

Students of the preparatory stages suffer difficulties at the level of academic achievement in biology, so the two researchers felt a necessary need to conduct a study dealing with this topic, and for this research, which studied the impact of using the method of targeted survey on academic achievement in biology among fourth-grade scientific students, it is done by verifying the following hypothesis : There are no significant statistical differences at the level of 0.05 between the average scores of students of the experimental group studied using the guided survey method and the average scores of the control group studied using the traditional method of academic achievement .
One of the preparatory schools in Karbala was randomly selected and includes four divisions for the fourth preparatory stage .Division (A) with 34 students was selected to represent the control group and adopt traditional methods of teaching, and a group such as Division (D) with 32 students to represent the experimental group, which uses the method of guided survey to report the result 66 students.
The researchers were rewarded between the control and experimental groups. this experiment was applied after all the research requirements were prepared. the research groups were taught for the first semester of the year 2024/2025.an academic achievement test was prepared, as well as verifying its truthfulness and consistency, which amounted to 0.81 . after applying the academic achievement test to the research sample, the data were statistically processed using T - test for two independent samples and measuring the correlation of the two samples using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed the clarity of the survey-oriented work in raising academic achievement and the superiority of the students of the experimental group over the control group by 2.490 degree .The researchers have recommended the importance of orientation in the use of the investigative method in teaching scientific subjects, especially biology, and this is confirmed by previous studies

The aim of the current research is to idenity the effect of using active learning strategies on developing creative thinking among Intermediate school students in the social studies subject. To achieve this goal , the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis:
There are no statistically significant difference at the significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group , who learn using active learning strategies, and the control group , who learned using the traditional method, on the creative thinking test. To confirm this, the researcher conducted the experiment in the first semester of the academic year (2024-2025).The research sample consisted of second-grade intermediate students at Al-Shaheed Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr Intermediate School in the Karbala Education Directorate.The researcher used one of the experimental designs with partial control for the experimental and control groups with a post-test. The total number wes (73) students. They were divided into two groups, randomly with (38) students as an experimental group and (35) students as a control group. The two groups were rewarded in variables (previous academic achievement in social studies , the Pre-Creative thinking test , students Chronological age calculated in months , Parents academic achievement ,intelligence test measurement ) the research requirements were prepared by identifying and analyzing the academic content and formulating behavioral objectives and teaching plans for the two groups , and preparing a post- creative thinking test , which consisted of (5) parts , included three skills (fluency, flexibility and originality).After ensuring Validity and reliability , and conducting statistical analyses.The researcher conducted a creative thinking test on students in the experimental and control groups. The data was processed using the statistical package for social sciences(SPPS). After analyzed the results using thet-test for two independent samples , the experimental group outperformed the control group on the dependent variable (creative thinking).

Travel in Arabic Literature Abook (A Study and Analysis with the Iranian People), by the writer Mahdi Jassim as a model
M.D. Zainab Abdul Amir Muteb
College of Education for Human Sciences / University of Karbala
Travel literature is an important literary genre that contributes to introducing people to one another and benefiting from different cultures, especially literature. This genre serves as a source for understanding the lives of societies and is an extension of the ancient journeys that were known since pre-Islamic times. In his book, "With the Iranian People: A Study and Analysis," the writer Mahdi Jassim presents a description of his journey with Iranian society. This research aims to study this genre through an introduction, a preface, two main sections, and a conclusion. The preface includes two sections: one defining travel literature and the other the life of the writer Mahdi Jassim. The first section examines thematic aspects, while the second focuses on artistic techniques. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that travel literature is an important literary document that fosters understanding between different cultures. The writer presented his travels in an artistic style, skillfully selecting expressive imagery and techniques..

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This study explored at how David Ricardos classical theory of land yield inequality applies to the hospitality sector in Karbala, Iraq. Karbala is a city that gets a lot of visitors for reasons and they all go to certain holy sites. David Ricardo said that the land that is good for growing things will make money for the people who own it. The main question this study is trying to answer is if something similar happens in the hospitality sector. The study used a group of fourteen hotels that are at different distances from the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Prophets Mosque in Medina. The people who did the study talked to the owners of these hotels from 2022 to 2025. They found out that being close to the sites is like having good land. It helps the hotels make more money. The hotels that are close to the sites do better than the ones that are far away. They have people staying in them the land is worth more and they make more money every year. This study is important because it shows that David Ricardos theory is not for farming but it can also be used to understand why some hotels do better than others in cities where people go for religious reasons. The study found that hotels in Karbala, Iraq that are close to the sites are always going to do better than the ones that are far away no matter how big or small they are. This is an idea in the Iraqi academic context and it can help us understand how businesses do in cities that are popular for religious tourism. David Ricardos theory is useful for understanding why some hotels do better than others and it can be used to study cities, like Karbala, Iraq.