magazine aldhakwat albedh

Summary:
The Kingdom of Al-Hirah was one of the most prominent Arab kingdoms before Islam, playing a vital role in bridging the cultural and political relations between the Arabs and the Sasanian Empire. Its strategic location along the Euphrates River enabled it to flourish politically, economically, and socially, making it a significant center for urban development, trade, and cultural activity. Al-Hirah was characterized by a diverse population composed of the Arab Tanukh tribes, the indigenous ‘Abbad Christians (Nestorians), and allied groups, creating a mixed society that contributed to the spread of Christianity and literacy in the Arabian Peninsula.
Economically, Al-Hirah benefited from agriculture, animal husbandry, and various local industries such as textiles, metalworks, ceramics, and leather crafts. Its location on trade routes connecting Iraq, the Arabian Peninsula, and Syria made it a hub for caravan trade and facilitated the exchange of goods and cultural influence.
A unique feature of Al-Hirah was the institution of Al-Wadha’ (the Wadha’/Al-Wadha’ soldiers), which represented a military and administrative system linked to the Sasanian state. These units played strategic roles in defending the western borders, supporting the kings of Al-Hirah, and maintaining the Sasanian influence in the region. The Wadha’ were sometimes misinterpreted by historians as hostages or foreign troops, but evidence shows they were an organized military and political force integrated into the kingdom's governance.
Overall, Al-Hirah was not only a political and military ally of the Sasanian Empire but also a cultural and economic center that contributed to the dissemination of the Arabic language, literacy, and the Nestorian Christian faith before the advent of Islam.

Abstract:
This study aims to identify the «Reality of history teachers› employment in promoting citizenship values in light of the European model among preparatory school students.» The researcher adopted a descriptive survey methodology. To achieve the research objectives regarding the promotion of citizenship values based on the European model (Cabezudo et al., 2012), the researcher utilized an instrument adapted from (Ibrahim & Al-Hakmania, 2022) in a translated Arabic form which consists of 41 items distributed across three domains: (Knowledge, Values, and Skills). The instrument’s validity and reliability were confirmed through review by a panel of experts in educational and psychological sciences, as well as measurement and evaluation.
The study also examined the reality of history teachers in promoting the values of citizenship according to academic qualifications and years of experience. The research population was limited to preparatory school history teachers for the academic year (2024-2025). The study sample consisted of (100) teachers selected randomly within Maysan Directorate of Education. After conducting statistical analysis, the results indicated that the teachers’ promotion of citizenship values was at a moderate level. The domains of the model achieved the following mean scores: (Knowledge: 2.87), (Values: 3.79), and (Skills: 3.38).
In light of these results, the researcher drew several conclusions, including:
The degree to which history teachers promote citizenship values in light of the European model reached a moderate level.
The researcher offered several recommendations, including:
Assisting decision-makers in evaluating the educational institution’s status and performance in promoting citizenship.
The researcher also proposed several suggestions, including:
Conducting seminars on local and external influences on society and their potential impact on students’ citizenship and awareness.

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the negation methods in Surah Al-Qiyamah from a grammatical and semantic perspective, highlighting their role in the Qur’anic expression of guidance, warning, and rhetorical structure. The research examines the different types and forms of negation within the Surah, showing how they influence the overall meaning and ethical and religious message. The results indicate that negation in Surah Al-Qiyamah is not merely a linguistic tool, but carries profound implications that emphasize divine guidance, affirm belief in resurrection and the Hereafter, and demonstrate the intricate relationship between language and rhetoric in the Qur’an.

The present study aims to identify the effect of the EDJA model on developing planning, color, and graphic skills among students of the Institute of Fine Arts. The research stems from a problem represented by the low level of students’ artistic performance due to reliance on traditional teaching methods that do not take into account the development of practical skills and creative thinking. This necessitated the use of a modern instructional model that contributes to improving learning outcomes.
The researcher adopted the experimental method. The research sample consisted of 34 second-year female students at Al-Mansour Institute of Fine Arts (morning study). They were divided into two groups: 17 students in the experimental group who were taught according to the EDJA model, and 17 students in the control group who were taught using the traditional method. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared cognitive and skill-based tests to measure performance skills in planning, color, and graphics.
The results of the study showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the two groups in favor of the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the EDJA model in developing performance skills among students of the Art Education Department. This is attributed to the structured steps of the model, which encourage active participation, develop practical skills, and enhance confidence in artistic abilities.
The researcher recommended adopting the EDJA model in teaching practical subjects in art education departments due to its positive impact on improving students’ artistic performance. The study also suggested conducting further research to apply the model in other art subjects and at different educational stages.

The present study examines the effect of the Woods Model in developing critical thinking skills among students of the Art Education Department through the Art Appreciation course. The study is based on the assumption that applying the Woods Model — which relies on prediction, observation, and interpretation — provides students with broader opportunities to reflect on artworks and express informed opinions supported by evidence and reasoning. This, in turn, contributes to enhancing their ability to distinguish between artistic styles, understand aesthetic contexts, and evaluate artworks according to objective criteria. The research also seeks to measure the change in students’ critical thinking levels before and after implementing the model, and to identify the educational and pedagogical impact achieved within the environment of art education, with the aim of promoting conscious art appreciation practices grounded in analytical evaluation of aesthetics.
The aim of this research is to identify the effect of applying the Woods Model in developing critical thinking skills among students of the Art Education Department through the Art Appreciation course. The Woods Model is considered one of the contemporary instructional models that focus on generating, analyzing, and evaluating ideas through problem-posing and encouraging students to explore multiple solutions, which contributes to developing higher-order cognitive skills associated with critical thinking.
The research followed the experimental method, as the study sample consisted of (80) first-year morning students in the Art Education Department during the second semester. The students were divided into two groups: an experimental group that studied Art Appreciation using the Woods Model, and a control group that studied the same course using traditional teaching methods. To measure the development of critical thinking skills, a knowledge test and a critical thinking scale were prepared and applied to both groups before and after the experiment.
The results indicated statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, suggesting the effectiveness of the Woods Model in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. This improvement is attributed to the model’s ability to foster interaction, discussion, and analysis, in addition to linking theoretical concepts with practical applications, which strengthens students’ abilities in critique, interpretation, and artistic reasoning.
The research recommends adopting the Woods Model in teaching Art Appreciation within Art Education Departments due to its role in developing critical thinking skills. It also recommends training instructors to employ contemporary instructional models that enhance students’ analytical and evaluative thinking within the learning environment.

This research examines the manifestations of humanism in Western thought from an Islamic perspective, by outlining the intellectual foundations upon which Western humanism is based and its most prominent manifestations in the intellectual, cultural, and social spheres. This movement has focused on making humanity the center of existence, knowledge, and values, and has advocated for freedom, dignity, human rights, and the elevation of reason and individual autonomy. The research also demonstrates that these principles have contributed to achieving numerous civilizational accomplishments and establishing the concepts of justice and equality.On the other hand, the research presented the Islamic perspective on humanism, clarifying that Islam recognizes human dignity, rights, and legitimate freedoms, considering this part of God›s honoring of humanity. However, it differs from the Western conception in its intellectual foundation; Islam makes revelation the basis for values and standards, linking human freedom to moral responsibility and servitude to God Almighty. The research concluded that the Islamic perspective offers a balanced view of humanity that combines honoring human dignity with preserving the spiritual and moral dimensions of life.

This article explores the pivotal and influential role of creative writing in enhancing Arabic language proficiency, based on the premise of a direct relationship in language integration. Creative linguistic practice represents a functional context in which branches of language, often isolated in traditional curricula (grammar, morphology, rhetoric, etc.), are integrated to achieve communicative and affective goals. The article presents a comprehensive theoretical framework, highlighting the importance of creative writing in Arabic education as the most powerful influence and ultimate objective. It then outlines the linguistic and educational foundations justifying this focus and introduces a list of creative writing strategies applicable in the classroom. The article demonstrates that the systematic integration of creative writing not only improves communicative competence but also rebuilds the emotional and cognitive relationship between the learner and their language, transforming it from a subject culminating in knowledge acquisition into a living tool for expression and a means of articulating opinions, ideas, and talents.

This research aims to determine the impact of the Six Aspects of Comprehension strategy on reading comprehension among first-year intermediate students in Arabic. The researcher adopted the experimental method, which is appropriate for this study, and selected Baghdad Governorate as the research population. The research sample consisted of 65 first-year intermediate students from Al-Ghadir Intermediate School for Boys, affiliated with the Baghdad Al-Rusafa First Education Directorate, during the first semester of the 2025-2026 academic year. These students were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group of 34 students and a control group of 31 students. The researcher ensured the equivalence of both groups in the following variables: age and academic achievement.
...parents’ educational background, previous year’s Arabic language grades, and an intelligence test). The researcher also formulated 64 behavioral objectives, prepared lesson plans for the reading comprehension topics, and developed a reading comprehension achievement test consisting of 30 items—after verifying its psychometric properties. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods (SPSS). The results demonstrated the superiority of the experimental group students—who studied the reading material using the “Six Facets of Understanding” strategy—over the control group students, who studied the same material using the [standard] method. ...performance on the reading comprehension test. The researcher offered several recommendations, most notably: organizing training courses aimed at enhancing the skills of Arabic language teachers and familiarizing them with modern strategies and their application in educational settings. The researcher also proposed conducting further studies, such as a study similar to the current one to investigate the impact of the “Six Facets of Understanding” strategy on other branches of the Arabic language (grammar, composition, and spelling).