The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
Manuscripts are priceless treasures that reflect the history and civilization of nations. Therefore, studying and preserving them is a major task for researchers, given the risk of their destruction or loss. The importance of manuscripts in Arab and Islamic history is particularly evident as they represent the heritage and intellectual achievements of Muslims.
From this perspective, Iraqi academic institutions have taken an interest in this heritage, working to collect, edit, and publish it through professors and graduate students. Among these institutions is the University of Kufa, founded on December 27, 1987. The first attempts at editing began in the College of Arts, Department of Arabic Language, in 2007 (1428 AH). Since then, the university has worked extensively through its academic departments, research centers, and peer-reviewed academic journals to highlight the heritage of Arabic and Islamic calligraphy by tracing its existence and then collecting it. In line with this effort, the researcher decided to write the study entitled "The Role of the University of Kufa in Publishing and Editing the Arabic and Islamic Calligraphic Heritage (2003-2024): A Statistical and Bibliographical Study." For more information, please visit the University of Kufa website.
The challenges I encountered were the scarcity of theses and their dispersal across various locations or their availability only electronically.

Abstract:-
The phenomenon of alienation is distinctly manifested in the poetry of Dhikra Al-Ubaydi, reflecting the suffering of individuals, particularly women, amid political, social, and cultural transformations. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, this study focuses on two prominent types of alienation evident in the examined texts: social alienation, stemming from marginalization, exile, and estrangement, and emotional alienation, resulting from the breakdown of human relationships and loss. The study concludes that the poetess succeeded in articulating a poetic voice that expresses collective issues, rooted in personal experience within a modern poetic framework. She employed various poetic devices, most notably symbolism and myth, woven into dense poetic imagery.

Abstract:-
The Euphrates River is considered one of the most important water resources in Iraq, playing a vital role in supporting agricultural, economic, and environmental activities. This study aims to analyze the impact of surface features and climatic characteristics on the hydrological system of the Euphrates River segment extending between the Hindiya Barrage and the Mishkhab Regulator. This segment is distinguished by its diverse topography and variable climatic conditions throughout the year. The study relied on climatic data covering the period from 1990 to 2023, focusing on meteorological elements recorded at the Babylon, Karbala, and Najaf stations, including solar radiation, temperature, precipitation, evaporation, wind, and relative humidity.
The research found that the flat terrain in this region, along with the gentle slope of the riverbed, contributes to reducing surface runoff velocity and increasing water retention time, which negatively affects the efficiency of the hydrological system in terms of discharge and water distribution. Additionally, the study concluded that climatic factors—particularly the rise in summer temperatures and the decline in rainfall in recent years—have led to a decrease in water recharge rates and an increase in evaporation rates, which has negatively impacted the annual river flow volume.

Abstract:-
This study aims to explore "Spatiotemporality in the Stories of Mahdi Jabr" at a descriptive-analytical level, uncovering the significance of space and its primary elements, thereby elucidating the dimensions of the creative experience of an Iraqi storyteller. The research focuses specifically on temporal and spatial environments, given their profound importance in comprehending literary works, as they significantly influence characters and events. The study highlights the importance of each element, examining the author's narrative technique, wherein time acquires diverse, similar, and contrasting meanings. Time, with its multifaceted interpretations, assumes various dimensions across different philosophical contexts and carries social, religious, scientific, psychological, and other connotations.
Place, on the other hand, is considered a foundational pillar in narrative construction, facilitating cognitive processes such as thought, concentration, and the mental perception of objects, structures, events, and characters, all woven together into a coherent artistic form. The employment of place in narrative creativity is viewed as an aesthetic tool with deep conceptual significance, imparting personal characteristics, creative features, human emotions, and social experiences to literary works, thereby achieving narrative completeness.
The study concludes that Mahdi Jabr's stories are characterized by varied narrative techniques, with temporal movements being a prominent feature, and flashbacks being particularly prevalent. Additionally, the type of place depicted is closely related to the characters' sense of comfort within it. The symbolism of place in the narrative aligns with the novel's thematic priorities, interacting dynamically with the role of time to frame the narrative material and organize the sequence of events.

Abstract:-
This research aims to shed light on one of the “fantasy” novels that sometimes blends reality with science fiction, namely Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. The study focuses on the first part of the series due to its significance and in order to remain within a defined scope; otherwise, the material would become excessively extensive.
Although the author, J. K. Rowling, was described as having a limited cultural background, she managed to overcome this perceived shortcoming by relying on the theme of magic, particularly the magic that drives the events of the narrative. She succeeded in constructing the novel in a distinctly “fantastical” manner, based on intelligence, learning, and adventure, which are positive values. This contrasts with forms of art that revolve around satire and mockery, which undermine the lofty status of knowledge, as can unfortunately be observed in some Arabic artistic works. Initially, publishers paid little attention to this novel, and it remained unnoticed by readers other than its author. Later, however, it was brought into the spotlight and achieved widespread fame.
The author subsequently became one of the wealthiest writers after having lived in poverty and depended on social assistance in London. Millions of copies of the novel were sold, and it was translated into many languages other than English. The story revolves around the hero, Harry Potter, whose parents were killed by a wizard seeking to eliminate witches and wizards of impure blood. Harry survives the attempt on his life and later lives in his aunt’s house under harsh conditions, where he is bullied by his cousin.
Rowling skillfully managed the distribution of roles among the characters, even though the structure of the novel is primarily centered on Harry Potter. She drew attention to magic and to the Philosopher’s Stone, emphasizing its power to transform base metals into gold and its ability to grant a form of literary immortality. Naturally, such themes provoke wonder and astonishment; therefore, it is not surprising that these novels belong to the genres of the marvelous and the fantastic.
The narrative is also permeated with elements of horror, and there is no doubt that the author belongs to the English literary tradition that is known for this type of literature.

Abstract:-
The provisions and controls of education in Islamic Fiqh are important topics. Scholars have addressed them within the chapters on enjoining good and forbidding evil, or within the etiquette of teachers and students. The obligation of education is an individual obligation if it relates to matters that a Muslim cannot afford to be ignorant of, such as knowledge of monotheism, the conditions of prayer, fasting, purification, and the like. Teachers hold a great position in Islam, and therefore scholars have stipulated several conditions for them, including knowledge, being just in their religion, avoiding immorality and public sins, and being a role model in their morals and behavior. It is not permissible for a teacher to teach people, while he is bad in behavior He should be patient, consider the differences in understanding among students, be compassionate, and use wise teaching methods, such as gradualism, gentleness, using examples, and offering advice without violence. The research aims to clarify the provisions of education in Islamic fiqh. The research methodology adopted is descriptive and analytical.

Abstract:-
This research addresses a delicate Qur'anic issue, namely the reasons for the non-recurrence of effects on actions. Although the basic principle of actions is that they produce results, the relationship between an action and its effect is one of the established laws of existence, and divine laws have been applied to all of God's creation. However, anyone who contemplates reality will notice that this relationship is not always consistent. A person may perform a righteous deed and not see its fruits, or he may commit a sin and its effects are not immediately apparent. This raises a fundamental question: Why do the effects of some actions not occur as expected? This question stems from an intellectual and ideological need to understand God's wisdom in the disposition of destiny, and to explain phenomena that may be misunderstood in the absence of deep Quranic contemplation. Hence, this Quranic study seeks to explore the reasons for the lack of an effect on actions. This study examines the texts from the verses and noble hadiths that explain the reasons, and analyzes them within their general context.

Abstract:-
This research examines the transformations of literary reception in the digital space, focusing on the nature of the new audience, the mechanisms of textual reproduction, and the text's transformation into an open dialogic space. The research concludes that the digital reader is no longer a passive recipient or a specialized critic, but has become an active user combining literary non-specialization with technical proficiency, driven by emotional motives and a desire for participation. The digital environment has contributed to the liberation of meaning from the authority of traditional critical institutions and the dominance of visual reference in reception, where design, fonts, and colors have become part of the aesthetic experience. The research also reveals new mechanisms for text reproduction through intermediality, critical threads, reaction texts, and volunteer translation, giving the text a second life and making it continuously recyclable. The research concludes that the text has shifted from monologic discourse to dialogic plurality, where the voices of authors and readers intertwine through new digital paratexts such as hashtags and mentions, making reading a participatory social practice rather than an individual contemplative activity.

Abstract:-
Poets have employed Quranic verses as evidence of truth, as moral references, and as an inexhaustible source of profound symbols and meanings that transcend the boundaries of time and space. They have transformed the personalities of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and the events of their history into universal symbols of steadfastness to principles, sacrifice for values, and resistance to injustice in all its forms. This vital and creative use of religious heritage confirms its continuity as a fundamental component of the cultural and spiritual identity of Iraqi poetry, and its ability to provide answers and visions that challenge the complexities of contemporary reality, while preserving its roots deeply rooted in faith and history. From this perspective, the focus of this study will be to reveal and explain one of the sources shaping the image of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them): the Holy Quran. We will demonstrate how the poet Ahmed al-Wa'ili employed the Holy Quran in his poems, which address the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), as a single, indivisible entity. This approach utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach, which is able to describe and analyze the image manifested in al-Wa'ili's poetry regarding them.

Abstract:-
Linguistic criticism is a branch of literary criticism that studies the Arabic language, its characteristics, and its structure. Linguistic criticism can contribute to the development of the Arabic language and enhance its capabilities. It relies on the criterion of linguistic correctness to determine the quality or inferiority of a literary text.
Among the criteria that can be considered are grammar and morphology, and the extent to which the literary text conforms to the rules of grammar and morphology, in addition to semantics.
It is well known that language is a tool for expression and verbal communication , encompassing four levels: the phonological level, the morphological level, the syntactic level, and the semantic level. Linguistic criticism is one of the oldest forms of Arabic criticism. Indeed, the beginnings of criticism were linguistic. It is narrated that Al-Nabigha Al-Dhubyani used to judge between poets in the market of Ukaz, and that he gave precedence to Al-Khansa over Hassan ibn Thabit.
Thus, this type of criticism focuses on the correctness of grammatical structure, the soundness of morphological and phonological construction, and the accuracy of meaning. Linguistic criticism has been undertaken by four groups: poets, grammarians, reciters of the Quran, and linguists. This form of criticism has varied throughout its different eras according to the circumstances of each period.

Abstract:-
Abu al-Bukhturi (Wahb ibn Wahb), a prominent narrator of the second Islamic century, has been heavily criticized by both Shi‘a and Sunni scholars due to allegations of hadith fabrication and the weak chains of transmission in his narrations. He is often labeled as a kadhdhāb (liar) and wāḍi‘ (forger). However, a content-based examination of the hadiths attributed to him reveals a remarkable consistency with Qur’anic principles, the conduct of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and Shi‘a jurisprudential and ethical norms. This article focuses on the role of content analysis in evaluating the authenticity of hadiths and seeks to reconstruct Abu al-Bukhturi’s credibility based on the content of his narrations. By analyzing narrations on various topics such as the rulings of Hajj, jihad, zakat, charity, inheritance, sleeping etiquette, and interactions with the People of the Book, it becomes evident that these narrations align with Qur’anic verses, other authentic hadiths, and the Prophetic tradition of the Imams (peace be upon them). This internal consistency compensates for the weakness in transmission and makes these narrations a reliable source in Shi‘a jurisprudence and ethics. The findings of this study suggest that content analysis, as a complementary criterion alongside isnād evaluation, can help reassess the negative perception of Abu al-Bukhturi and redefine his role as a cultural intermediary in the transmission of Shi‘a hadith heritage. Drawing on biographical, legal, and historical sources, this study emphasizes the need for a reevaluation of hadith transmitters based on content and proposes that similar analyses be conducted for other controversial narrators.

Abstract:-
Space plays a fundamental role in literary studies, particularly in prose. This research examines the role of space in literary studies, with a special focus on prose, where space is considered a key element that shapes literary texts. Despite the abundance of research on this topic, the significance of space in many contemporary literary texts still requires deeper exploration and comprehensive understanding. In this context, the Iraqi writer Abdulhalim Muhawdar emerges as one of the most prominent short story writers who have innovatively and distinctively employed space, blending its traditional connotations with modern literary strategies and infusing his texts with new depth. Muhawdar’s literary works, including his collection The Last of the Soothsayers, contain rich and diverse elements worthy of in-depth study.
This research aims to shed light on this short story collection through a descriptive-analytical approach, focusing on three main axes: the spatial significance in Muhawdar’s texts, the semantic implications of the titles, and the relationship between open and closed texts in the stories. These axes help in understanding how space is embodied in literature and how it influences the reader’s experience. The study seeks to answer a fundamental question: What are the spatial significances in the short story collection The Last of the Soothsayers? Through textual analysis, it becomes evident that Muhawdar employs historical symbols and well-known names, contributing to the connection between spatial meaning and diverse themes such as identity, belonging, and memory. This relationship between space and titles enhances the reader’s experience and opens new horizons for textual interpretation, making the study of space in Muhawdar’s works reflect the depth of human experience and the history of place. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of space not merely as a geographical backdrop but as a vital element that enriches literary texts and reflects complex, interactive human experiences.

Abstract:-
This study examines the pre-Islamic cultural practice of female infanticide (waʾd), a phenomenon that was prevalent in certain Arab societies before the advent of Islam. This practice reflects aspects of social traditions marked by violence against females, where some fathers buried their daughters alive out of fear of shame, poverty, or other reasons related to social prestige and prevailing cultural norms. This act stands as one of the most prominent examples of gender discrimination and the lack of respect for women's rights during that era.
The study explores the reasons behind the widespread occurrence of this practice in pre-Islamic times, relying on historical and literary sources, including pre-Islamic poetry and ancient writings. These sources indicate that misguided religious beliefs and deeply rooted tribal customs played a significant role in driving Arab society to commit this horrific act. The research also addresses the evolution of attitudes toward female infanticide following the advent of Islam. It highlights how Islam affirmed human dignity in general, emphasized respect for women's rights, and strictly condemned all forms of discrimination and violence against them. The Quran explicitly prohibits the practice of female infanticide in several verses, demonstrating that this act is not only morally unacceptable but also a crime against humanity. Additionally, Prophetic traditions (Hadith) emphasized the virtue of daughters and the necessity of caring for them, leading to a fundamental shift in the societal perception of women in Islamic society.
Furthermore, the study compares the pre-Islamic and Islamic perspectives on women's status in terms of social and legal positions. While pre-Islamic society was characterized by gender discrimination, Islam introduced legal and ethical principles that safeguarded women's rights and ensured their rightful status within society.

Abstract:-
This article examines the applications of parapsychology in Quranic stories by linking the supernatural phenomena that this science is concerned with. This science encompasses all possible phenomena that are not mediated by the senses, but are often based on forces beyond those senses. Therefore, it is called metapsychology. This study begins with the story of Moses' mother and the inspiration that was revealed to her. This inspiration was neither a dream nor a prophecy; it was a parapsychological effect. It then includes the story of the throne of Bilqis and how it was transported in a matter of moments. It also includes the story of Joseph, peace be upon him, the story of Moses and the waist, the story of Mary's table, and the story of the People of the Cave.

Abstract:-
The study of the impact of climate on diseases is one of the most important studies of interest to various disciplines, including applied climatology. This research aims to reveal the extent of the impact of thermal characteristics, specifically minimum and maximum temperatures, on the incidence of skin diseases in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate during the period (2014-2024). The research comprises three chapters. The first chapter establishes the methodological foundations of the scientific research, while the second chapter presents a thermal analysis of temperatures in the study area. The third chapter analyzes the characteristics and variations of skin diseases, and the fourth chapter concludes by outlining the effects and statistical relationships between temperature variables and these diseases, employing a set of statistical coefficients. This analysis is conducted monthly and seasonally to demonstrate the seasonality of the diseases and their susceptibility to climate.

Abstract:-
This study delves into the depths of the novel Three Years’ Dream by the novelist Mustafa Rasool, through a sociological lens that reveals the interweaving of the individual with the collective, and the personal with the decaying social structures in Iraq and beyond. The study proceeds from the concept of sociology as a science that interprets social phenomena within their historical and cultural contexts, highlighting the novel as a text pulsating with the concerns of an entire society, not merely the story of an individual migrant.
Firstly, the study addressed migration as a silent act of protest against oppression, unemployment, and the economic blockade that deprived people of their simplest rights in their homeland. Migration in the novel manifested not only as a geographical crossing, but also as a rebellion against a tyrannical reality and a bitter pursuit of lost justice.
As for sectarianism, the research analyzed it as a phenomenon dividing society; yet, through the marriage of the protagonist’s parents and the friendships among the novel’s characters, the author reflected the possibility of overcoming such divisions when the voice of humanity triumphs over fanaticism.
In addressing unemployment, the novel revealed its profound impact in breaking an individual’s dignity and turning him into a stranger even in his own homeland. Unemployment shifted from being an economic crisis to a psychological and social curse, pushing the youth into forced migration in search of their lost dignity.
The study also tackled class struggle, clarifying how money and influence crushed the dreams of the poor and turned talents into mere shadows; meanwhile, the protagonist Anwar remained an example of the rebel who refuses to sell his dignity no matter how severe his poverty becomes.