journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

Abstract
This research studied the relationship of patterns of investigator personality with the big five dimensions (Extraversion, stability, interoperability, openness, and personal benevolent),in facing the job stress with its resources(characteristics of the role, quality of work, organizational structure, work environment,organizational policies, social relations, and organizational processes) which the investigators exposed to it at the General Inspectors Offices.
The researcher derived the idea of research from the importance of the work of these offices in confrontation of various cases of financial and administrative corruption in Iraq at the present time, since itis one of the most important inspection and control organizations in Iraq, through its strategic role in fightingthe corruption, and enabling an appropriate environment for the comprehensive development of anti-corruption system, and its specialized role in control on ministries and public organizations, and raise the level of their performance through the exercise of inspection and control functions that represented by audit, inspection, investigation and performance appraisal.As well as, the large stressthat the workers faced it in these offices,especially the investigators, because of the seriousness and importance of their work, which leads to feel of stress at work which may affect their performance and achievement of offices objectives in the fight against the scourge of corruption, since it requires that those employeesmust have personal attributes correspond to the nature of their work to cope with the stress they experience and reduce its negative effects.
The aim of the research is to deepen the understanding of the nature of the personal patterns of investigators ofGeneral Inspectors Offices and the extent of their adaptationto job stress that they are exposed to at work to take advantage of it now and in the future in the proper selection, appointment and investiture of employees according to their personalities and how important and dangerous tasks that fall upon themselves, to reach the desired objectives.
The researcher used a questionnaire as an essential tool for data collection, as well as interviews and the experience of the researcher during his work in one of these offices for several years.The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of (140) people across (7) offices of General Inspectors in (7) ministries, the sample selected represent (20%) of the original community for each Office.For data processing, the researcher used statistical methods and tests .
Based on the measuring of research variables and diagnosing it, and testing correlations, effect and differences among them. The research concluded a set of conclusions and the most important was (Personal investigators patterns (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, openness to experience) in the offices of inspectors general affect job stress they are exposed to).

Abstract
The research synthesis variables of competitive advantage and the mechanism achieved by focusing on knowledge abilities and strategic of the administrative leadership, and governments and the developed countries took the racing frantically and my destiny to invest more money and resources to development of wealth and human knowledge is so choice investment winner always and who Aaikhyee never, because God Almighty give humans the abilities of all other creatures and that these abilities varying from person to person, there is the problem of search provoking questions about the essence of what it's about research and both sides theoretical and field, the objective of this research to answer these questions through the framing of theoretical and conceptual all variables first and test models of the relationship and impact Secondly, the purpose of achieving the objective of this research and to answer questions about the problem, applied research on a sample of (70) manager in (9) banks Iraqi civil, was adopted resolution as an essential tool, as well as personal interviews to collect data and information that has been collected and analyzed using A number of statistical methods of ( frequencies, percentages,
mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and Spearman correlation coefficient, and analysis of simple and multiple regression, analysis of the track). The most prominent results were reached: There is a highly significant correlation between knowledge abilities and strategic abilities as well as that there is an increasing influence of knowledge abilities for competitive advantage through the center axes strategic abilities . The most important recommendations was to be on the Iraqi private banks to work on the integration of knowledge abilities and strategy combined in order to achieve a more competitive advantage than if used both individually Akaddrtin the.

Abstract
This research sought to detect the level of organizational culture prevailing in the Integrity Commission as well as the level of the organizational citizenship behavior of staff of the Commission and the impact of organizational culture in these behaviors. To achieve the objectives of the research and test the validity of hypotheses have been used questionnaire derived from measurements ready modern researchers foreigners have been adapted to suit the Iraqi environment, have been distributed (189) questionnaire on the number of employees from the Integrity Commission, which represented the research sample where the research community has a number is (1365) employees in the Baghdad was the use of a number of statistical methods to analyze and test hypotheses. The research revealed that the level of organizational culture prevailing in the Integrity Commission substandard and needs to be reconsidered by managers. As for the organizational citizenship behaviors was high level which management must invested in achieving the objectives of the Commission. There did not appear to impact the dimensions of organizational culture in organizational citizenship behaviors except for after the control system prevailing in the body which has had a significant impact. It was recommended by research need to build a culture of organizers based on employee involvement in decision-making, and orientation towards teams' work and the trend towards people in the completion of works to increase understanding among employees, and address the problems and the difficulties and obstacles that appear job-style and promote the values of creativity and develop a spirit of friendship and understanding between managers and employees, and among employees each other. As well as the investment behavior of organizational citizenship and adopted by managers to be a good example for the rest of the employees , as well as the reward of showing these behaviors of employees , and the adoption of a professional scientific method based on specific criteria in the evaluation of performance and rewards and assign positions to those who deserve it on the basis of efficiency and professionalism at work.

Abstract:
Fraud crimes , which is a form of crimes against the funds in public office ,is one of the crimes of traditional and cutting-edge in the same time, but it took a distinct character from other traditional crimes because of what is based upon, behavioral fundamentals and foundations and expressive image of personal qualities , concentrated in the mental work, the inventive sophistication , and skillful abilities of the perpetrators of these crimes , in addition to what is owned by crooks today a behavioral ability represented in underestimating laws and instructions. Fraud is considered one of organized crime methods It is the most important method of its methods, all crimes practiced by the crooks are not free of cheat or deceit or forgery or trick or seduction..
The reason for choosing the subject of research is not approving administrative classification for fraud to be based on as standard by procedures of general inspectors offices, and to highlight the role of measures in the reduction of these crimes , and from these procedures ,provided by the search, are the preventive measures , since the introduction of specialized regulatory (observing) institutions , including the offices of general inspectors, to protect public money and to improve performance of the ministries and the elimination of fraud , waste and abuse of power and provide better services to citizens , and these devices are of recent origin , it should have the procedures and mechanisms of action commensurate with the increasing of the functional worsening deviations , it must be based on the classification for fraud . And in addition to what this research presented this research from many ideas and points, most notable of which, was the preventive measures, which consists of three coherent, integrated and syndrome pivots one cannot be separated from the other two, the Search named them ( elements of preventive )
These measures are applied by the offices of general inspectors in the implementation of the tasks entrusted to them in order to achieve the objectives and the purpose for which they were created .Those measures were tested on a sample of some o f general inspectors with some assistants and directors of departments and sections in order to test the first hypotheses of the research which were represented in a relationship of a moral sense between measures of general inspector offices and the fraud , in addition to the second main hypothesis which sees that there is an effect relationship of moral sense in the measures of general inspectors offices. The research has come to the most important conclusions and recommendations that it came out with, including the following:
1- Measures of investigation, checking , inspection and preventive carried out by the offices of inspectors general (research sample) are done at a very good level in the ministries, which will thereby contribute to the fight and the reduction of fraud that may occur.
2- Results of the statistical analysis of the practical side proved that the offices of general inspectors were in constant contact with all of the reports issued by the authorities and regulatory bodies , and any reliable source of information is not ignored by not dealing with it.
3- The results indicated that the authorities granted to the offices of general inspectors allow them to easily get information from the administrative units which are subject to inspection and easy access to those units without restrictions and this helps a lot the work of general inspectors offices in the elimination of fraud If they make good use of those authorities
4- The preventive measures are the least fragmented in terms of the answers of sample from the rest of the dimensions of the general inspectors offices procedures, which demonstrates the strength and clarity of the preventive measures implemented in the ministries .
5- The results proved that the fraud in public office are classified into crimes of corruption and assets fraud and financial disclosure fraud .
6- The results showed that the financial pressure and the opportunity and the justification are one of the important elements in the commission of fraud .
7- The researcher found that the coordination and exchange of information between the offices of general inspectors are important and necessary to reduce fraud .
8- The results proved that the work of the Office of the General Inspector is basically regulatory and preventive and is not a security work as portrayed by some.

The abstract
The study focused on the identification of the natural relation between the organizational components, and the most important is the organizational structure, which not hid its affect on each function and operation of the OrganizationalStructure through commanding the individual craters and its forms according to the requirement of these function, also it has relation with organic synthesis that between the dimensions of the organic synthesis and the practice side in the commission of Integrity.
The problem of the research pensioned in some questions a bout hypothesis and theoretical parts, in which they go a mention about the hypothesis questions is to use all the knowledge's in this atmosphere and they explain the second by some practical.

Abstract
The process of self-assessment play a key role in achieving quality educational institutions (college, department or program academic particular), because the assessment process provides reviews of the effectiveness of the criteria used in the enterprise, especially in the field of teaching and learning, and is result self-assessment providing self assessment report. The self- assessment can be performed at different levels (college, academic department, Master, PhD program, or courses). The importance of the research focused on to provide a measure of self-assessment helps profile officials in the implementation of the assessment process are clear and precise and fast, and to provide them to measure the availability requirements of the accreditation standards that have been adopted in their institutions. The research aimed to provide an integrated measure of the implementation of the self-assessment process included a structural measure five Items (scale levels, design self-assessment checklist for standards accreditation , documents and indicators used to verify the application of good practices, the structure of the self- assessment report, the description improvement plan). The research relied on academic curriculum, its relevance to object and objective of the research. The research found that on each of the management of the program or institution identified with appropriate accreditation standards for academic competence to do the implementation of the self-assessment process, which must be characterized unrivaled. It should deal with the program in all fields, facilities, and services, and administrative processes to identify the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and risks and limitations in the educational institution or in the academic program. The research recommends the formation of a self- assessment committee within the college structure of quality committee in the department, so as to implement the self-assessment process using a self-assessment scale proposed.

Abstract
Need organizations today to move towards strategic thinking which means analyzing situations faced by particular challenges of change in the external environment, which makes it imperative for The Organization That to reconsider their strategies and orientations and operations, a so-called re-engineering to meet those challenges and pressures, to try to achieve improvement root in the installation of the organization and methodscompletion of its work towards achieving high levels of performance and that is reflected to achieve its objectives, and this is what aims to Current search to deal with implications characteristics of strategic thinking in the stages of application re-engineering business of the company General Industries cotton through the test of relations and influence between these two variables, depending style questionnaire as the main tool for data collection and information from a sample deliberate, which amounted to (30 ) individuals are departments upper, middle and their assistants and consultants, who are practitioners of strategic action, and analyzed their responses using circles calculations, percentages, and standard deviations, to measure the level of performance on variables descriptive as well as the correlation coefficient and simple linear regression, to test the hypothesis Search the relationship and impact of diagnostic characteristics of strategic thinking in the stages of the application process re-engineering. Displaying and analyzing the results of the research showed group of the most important conclusions proven correlation and effect between the characteristics of strategic thinking and the stages of the application process re-engineering. And recommendations and most importantly increased attention to the adoption of strategies and policies for strategic thinking and keep pace with developments in the field of re-engineering processes and increase the levels of utilization of the available resources, which would contribute to the development of the company's performance and access to excellence in performance and make it a role model in the industrial sector on the local and international level.

Abstract:
There are many applied Economic studies have found positive nexus between the financial development and poverty reduction in the developing countries. Iraq has witnessed increasing rate of the poverty during the period 1980-2010 due to many internal and external factors such as wars, economic sanctions, inflation, high rate of unemployment, and political and security instability. Therefore, the investigation about the solutions to reduce poverty becomes very necessary, and the enhancing the financial development in Iraq is one of these options. This is due to that the financial development could reduce the poverty rates through two channels: the first is directly via the offering of the loans and other financial facilities to the poor, and second is indirectly through intermediate mean which is the economic growth. Whereas the financial development contributes in spurring economic growth through mobilization of savings and channel them to the most efficient uses with higher economic and social returns. In addition, the economic growth reduces the poverty through two channels. The first is direct by increasing the introduction factors held by poor and improve the situations into the sectors and areas where the poor live. The second is indirect through redistribution the realized incomes from the economic growth as well as the realized incomes from the government revenues which can be used to transfer the payments and improve the living standard. However, the study found that neither the financial development nor the economic growth contributed in the poverty reduction in Iraq during the period 1980-2010, and there were other factors could reduce the poverty in Iraq such as the low rate of inflation, low rate of unemployment and the political and security stability.

Abstract
The results show the inability to apply the Taylor rule within inflation and GDP Gaps, because the monetary behave is elated from Iraqi economy.
When applying the Taylor rule to exchange rate with the inflation and the output gap, the results do not match the nominal price announced by the central thing, which proves the lack of commitment by the Central Bank by using the Taylor rule, whether short-run interest rate or exchange rate (Nominal Anchor), so it did not stay to the Iraqi Central Bank only using the principle of Taylor with the expected inflation rate below the level of output (Macro activity) for the separation of monetary behavior from the real one of the Central Bank, and cannot consider the interest rate in the economy of the country an effective tool in the creation of monetary stability and the fight against inflationary pressures and a driving force for the growth of output.
As for the tool Exchange rate and its use as a tool to fight inflation, it is the most effective tool in influencing variables of the national economy, both monetary or real variables, where the statistical tests have proven the significant role played by the exchange rate to influence inflation and output, the opposite of what The results of the statistical tests of interest rates, inflation and output which illustrated the weakness of the effect of the interest rate in the short run on the inflation and output.

Abstract
The results show the inability to apply the Taylor rule within inflation and GDP Gaps, because the monetary behave is elated from Iraqi economy.
When applying the Taylor rule to exchange rate with the inflation and the output gap, the results do not match the nominal price announced by the central thing, which proves the lack of commitment by the Central Bank by using the Taylor rule, whether short-run interest rate or exchange rate (Nominal Anchor), so it did not stay to the Iraqi Central Bank only using the principle of Taylor with the expected inflation rate below the level of output (Macro activity) for the separation of monetary behavior from the real one of the Central Bank, and cannot consider the interest rate in the economy of the country an effective tool in the creation of monetary stability and the fight against inflationary pressures and a driving force for the growth of output.
As for the tool Exchange rate and its use as a tool to fight inflation, it is the most effective tool in influencing variables of the national economy, both monetary or real variables, where the statistical tests have proven the significant role played by the exchange rate to influence inflation and output, the opposite of what The results of the statistical tests of interest rates, inflation and output which illustrated the weakness of the effect of the interest rate in the short run on the inflation and output.

Abstract:
In this research we discussed and analyzed the relationship between the oil prices and U.S. dollar exchange rate in Iraq. The study adopted the descriptive analysis and econometrics analysis. The descriptive analysis refer to the rise (fall) in crude oil price lead to appreciate (depreciate) in Iraqi dinar exchange rate, though the channel of the international reserves. The econometrics analysis is based on monthly data covered the period (December/2002 – December/2011), the unit root test, co-integration test, vector error correction model and Granger causality test have been adopted in this research to check the existence and direction of this relationship. The results refer to long run relationship between oil price and Iraqi dinar, Granger causality test refer to one direction causality run from oil price to Iraq dinar exchange rate. On other hand, VECM refer to two causality long run relationship (i.e. both oil price and exchange rate cause each other). But the direction of the relationship from Iraqi dinar exchange rate to the crude oil price is not accepted by the economic logic, because it is not possible the IQD affect the crude oil prices

Abstract
This search summaries in building a mathematical model to the issue of Integer linear Fractional programming and finding the best solution of Integer linear Fractional programming (I.L.F.P) that maximize the productivity company,s revenue by using the largest possible number of productivity units and maximizing denominator objective which represent,s proportion of profits to the costs , thus maximizing total profit of the company at the lowest cost through using Dinkelbach algorithm and the complementary method on the Light industries company data for 2013 and comparing results with Goal programming methods results .
It is clear that the final results of resolution and Dinkelbach algorithm and complementary method are very near and maximizing proportion is equal , while, Goal programming methods is less .
From this , we can exclude that the Integer linear Fractional programming considers the best one , this result is logical because goal programming are trying to create harmony to achieve the goal of contrasting , This is considered as amodel in the model to maximize the return on any company productivity.

Abstract
The growth curves of the children are the most commonly used tools to assess the general welfare of society. Particularity child being one of the pillars to develop society; through these tools we can path a child's growth physiology. Centile line is of the important tools to build these curves, which give an accurate interpretation of the information society, also responds with illustration variable age. To build standard growth curves for BMI, we use BMI as index. LMSP method used for finding Centile line which depends on four curves represent Median, Coefficient of Variation, Skews and Kurtosis. These can be obtained by modeling four parameters as nonparametric Smoothing functions for illustration variable. Maximizing penalized likelihood in Fisher scoring algorithm includes RS& GS algorithms. The resulting centiles expressed multi-level of body mass index ranging from lack nutrition to obsess, also LMSP gives good results and BMI with positive skew increases with age. Data on the variable applied to Iraqi children under five years of the multiple indicator cluster survey in 2011 and under the supervision of world health organization (WHO).

Abstract
Proved Islamic banks in many countries where they are present , whether Muslim or non-Muslim in the wake of the global financial crisis, it is more efficient, profitable , and stable compared with the conventional banks , so went many of the world towards providing Islamic banking through Islamic windows to Besides financial services and products offered by the traditional , or the initiative to enter formulas Islamic finance is fully compliant with the principles and rules of Islamic law , and is Brokerage basic function of conventional banks and Islamic alike ) and that means working on the mobilization of savings from surplus units and directed towards the financial units of the fiscal deficit) , which operates commercial banks
To receive deposits from the first category and then lending to the economic units and the relevant authorities fiscal deficit versus fixed income (interest) , and this Matahramh Islamic law (where that money begets money.
The Islamic Bank shall work on the receipt of funds from savers to The basis of formulas Islamic finance (through murabaha and participation , etc.) , and then work to employ them in the types of transactions allowed religiously , which are the posts or the sales of the other , and through cooperation between the capital and the organization under the Islamic economy is based on the principle of participation in the profit and loss and who can Altobeiranh to bear the risk . Therefore, researchers in Islamic banking often Estdlon rules doctrinal famous rule " abscess security " base " profits and losses sharing " and also some conversations Knhia God bless him and for profit as evidence that the profit is not permissible except to assume risk .

Abstract
The importance of the accounting profession in creating data and accounting information for economic resources and their sources and changes therein , through the effectiveness of this information and the degree of suitability and providing accurate and timely manner and in a form that makes it able to rationalize decisions and performance reporting , and there are several elements and behaviors control how the effectiveness of these reports and these behaviors work ethic that govern the work of management accountant when preparing performance Reports , which are the ethics of the work of professional control principles and rules of accounting , legal, such as objectivity and reliability , neutrality and timeliness that must be available in the accounting information , and the ethics of acts of self- control principles and religious belief and customary stems from personal factors related to the environment and society Ttatr within the concepts of justice and a sense of responsibility and faith and devotion and considerate of others ,

The importance of the accounting profession in creating data and accounting information for economic resources and their sources and changes therein , through the effectiveness of this information and the degree of suitability and providing accurate and timely manner and in a form that makes it able to rationalize decisions and performance reporting , and there are several elements and behaviors control how the effectiveness of these reports and these behaviors work ethic that govern the work of management accountant when preparing performance Reports , which are the ethics of the work of professional control principles and rules of accounting , legal, such as objectivity and reliability , neutrality and timeliness that must be available in the accounting information , and the ethics of acts of self- control principles and religious belief and customary stems from personal factors related to the environment and society Ttatr within the concepts of justice and a sense of responsibility and faith and devotion and considerate of others ,

ABSTRACT
Most of the Weibull models studied in the literature were appropriate for modelling a continuous random variable which assume the variable takes on real values over the interval [0,∞]. One of the new studies in statistics is when the variables takes on discrete values. The idea was first introduced by Nakagawa and Osaki, as they introduced discrete Weibull distribution with two shape parameters q and β where 0 < q < 1 and  > 0. Weibull models for modelling discrete random variables assume only non-negative integer values. Such models are useful for modelling for example; the number of cycles to failure when components are subjected to cyclical loading. Discrete Weibull models can be obtained as the discrete counter parts of either the distribution function or the failure rate function of the standard Weibull model. Which lead to different models. This paper discusses the discrete model which is the counter part of the standard two-parameter Weibull distribution. It covers the determination of the probability mass function, cumulative distribution function, survivor function, hazard function, and the pseudo-hazard function.