Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

Summary
The prudent mind and prolific passion of Al-Mutanabbi were mutually supportive. This was embraced by a slender sensation and elevated by an unbridled imagination. He based his poems on a sophisticated language that was witnessed by Arab criticism, both ancient and modern. All these helped him to be the most brilliant poet, who filled the world and occupied people, and to have this great position. He excelled in using this style of language in his poetry. One of the manifestations of this distinctive style is that he employed the words in an accurate semantic and rhythmic way, and from that he used contrasting words to make the recipient know many of his poetry’s rhymes before the poet or narrator uttered them. This is what is called anticipation of the rhyme . The verbal contrasts in his poetry are many. Therefore, In this research, we preferred to study "The contrasts of discordance impact in anticipation of the rhymes in Al-Mutanabbi's Poetry."
This is a new study that has not been preceded, to the best knowledge of us. We will single out for other contrasts spscial researches - if God wills. This is for the sake of two matters, the first is so that to make the study deep and not superficial, and the second is to adhere to the size that the refereed journals generally accepte.
The research is divided into four sections, the first deals with the contrast between the words of the prosody and the word of the rhyme. The second is the contrast of the words other than the prosody and the word of the rhyme. The third is the contrast of the first part of a verse and its second part. Finally, the fourth is devoted to study the corresponding patterns of different positions in the same poem

Abstract
This study discusses unbounded dependencies and topicalized constituents within LFG analysis in both English and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). There are other approaches for the analysis such as: construction grammar (C×G) and Cognitive grammar (CogG) but LFG focuses on different relations in the sentence. Also the formulation of the caused motion construction contains a linearly ordered grammatical functions. Besides, LFG treats the principle of lexical integrity as central i.e. syntax cannot operate into the internal structure of words. It defines unbounded dependency as a kind of relationship between two positions of topicalized constituents either within one clause or two clauses in the sentence. The distance between these constituents is not limited, which means more clauses can be embedded. Therefore, topicalization is a result of moving a constituent in the sentence. Topicalized phrases occur in the front position of the sentence and their functions can be either a topic or an object for the transitive verb. It is worth mentioning that this study focuses on the syntactic analysis of the constituents of sentences introduced in this paper.
This study investigates only a single UDs construction. Moreover, it differentiates between topicalization and scrambling. The study illustrates topicalization in Modern standard Arabic (MSA). Unlike English, the Arabic topicalized phrases are related to resumption pronouns attached to the verb as suffixes and the verb must agree in gender and number with the topicalized constituent.

Abstract
The present study describes the syntactic and semantic aspects of vocative in Arabic language with reference to the Glorious Quran and how it is rendered into English. The research aims at analyzing the syntactic and semantic functions of vocative in both languages to find out the similarities and differences between both of them. Besides, it evaluates the translator’s faithfulness in rendering Quranic vocative into English. For investigating the translator’s rendering and evaluating if the translator succeeded or failed in finding the exact equivalent of Quranic vocative semantics and communicative translation for Newmark (1988: 39) are adopted. The study hypothesizes that the linguistic and cultural differences between Arabic and English can be the main reason behind the difficulty in rendering the Quranic vocative . Moreover, translating Quranic vocative without Quranic text may lead to inaccurate translation. The study is divided into two parts: the theoretical part on the one hand and the practical one ,on the other hand . The former deals with definitions , structures and functions of vocative in English as well as Arabic language. The latter presents ten verses from the Qlorious Quran five translations for different translators to each verse . These translations are analysed , discussed and evaluated .Finally, the study concludes that the meaning of Quranic vocative is not achieved as much as possible when the translator disregards the Quranic context during the process of translation .
Key words :Quranic vocative, vocative particles, translation, rhetorical meanings

Abstract:
The letters are a summary written about the feelings inside a person, and they vary from one person to another. The art of letters is ancient, known in the fields of writing in ancient cultures, and spread in classical and modern Western literature. In modern Arabic literature, its genres and methods developed due to the types of written communication, as letters enter within the system of self-narration, or within the system of genres of factual literature. Arab scholars have paid attention to the legacy of letters, and we have chosen the letters of the writer Gibran Khalil Gibran and May Ziadeh as a textual product and tangible effects. The value of the letters between Gibran Khalil Gibran and May Ziada is a motive for studying them because of their meanings and status in the literature of letters, the title of the research The title of the research is a reading in Gibran's letters, and it includes a study in the concept of letters, the beginning threshold, the supplication threshold, the closing threshold, self-talk, the time and place of writing, the image of spinning, and the beauty of nature in Gibran's letters.
Keywords: reading, letters, Gibran, May, increase, beginning, conclusion

Research Summary
- In the first topic, which was the sequence pattern, we learned through it how the novelist was able to convey the event or the historical news in the novel lively, based on the mention of successive events in their occurrence in regular succession according to their chronological order without going back. Maha.
- The second topic: it is the inclusion system that is concerned with mentioning sub-stories within the framework of one story. These stories, which the novelist included in one story, were mentioned by way of citation, and he relied on employing the retrieval mechanism, and the model we chose for this topic was to talk about pictures and what these pictures contain of stories.
- The third topic: It is a parallel system in which the narrator recounts two or more incidents at one time, but in two different places, or the two incidents are in one place and one of them is in the past and the second is in the future. Among the models that we chose in this topic is the story of Youssef with Dalal and Najat.
The fourth topic is the repeated pattern, and in this format, the process of narrating the same event more than once, according to the multiplicity of points of view each time. Among the models that we chose for this research is the incident of Maha aborting her child, when it was narrated in a dialogue between Youssef and Saadoun, then it was narrated again by Maha, but each time it was narrated from a different point of view from the other.
The fifth topic is the circular pattern, which was the pattern in which the writer collected all patterns. And it became clear from it that all the events occurred within one day, or within the twenty-four hours of the day. As the writer narrated events to us in a time frame confined to one day and one night, a method in which the writer achieved breaking the expectation of the recipient in the end. The writer used the narrative time, taking advantage of activating the memory element to complete the features of the main characters in order to enrich the narrative body and give a high value to his message.

(mulakhas albaht)
alhamd lilah rabi alealamin alsalat walsalam ealaa sayid almursalin waealaa alah wasahbih 'ajmaein . ama baed - falikawn almunasabat lak min malik aleilat aliaijtihadiat , fala yakfi kawn alwasf mnasbaan hataa tajealah eilatan lilhikmi, bal labuda min dalil waietibar shareiin lileulbat , falihadha katabat fi alwasf almasir halat kawniha mwthraan 'aw mlaymaan 'aw ghayrahu. falmawdue saeb almithal lidha labuda min aldiqat waltahrir fi almas'alat almaerudat huna . thuma tarakat alwasf almuathir wama qal fih altaqadumu alhanafiat , alhafd alkan aleabath hu alwasf almunasibat eind jumhu al'usulin wamaeahum muta'akhir alhanafiat waealaa rasihim abw walazmiri wasahib muslim althubut washarie nizam aldiyn alaa eindi . wakan eamali fama hadha albahth hu jamie ma tashatat min mudarawat almawdue watahrir 'aqwal aleilmarnih wadhakr hukm kuli nawe min almunasibi, walaikhtisar fih fi aimthilatih kthyraan , lakina akhafa'an 'ughayir mahala bialmadmun faja' albahth ealaa matlibin wakhatimatan - falmatlab alawil - kan fi taerif mufradat walfaz aleunwan thuma takalamat ealaa aiqisam almunasib min hayth alaietibar waeadaduha wafi almatlab althaani - earafat al'alfaz alkhasat bialmatlab w takalamat ealaa 'aqsam almunasib min hayth altaathir walmulayimatu, wafi alkhamat - lahizat 'ahamu alniqat alati waqafat
ealayha wajawdatuha tashilan lilqari . wakhar daewana 'ana alhamd lilah rabi alealamin alsalat walsalam ealaa sayid almursalin

Abstract:
Our research entitled (Prepositions in the Sumerian language and its uses in the verbal sentence), which is concerned with studying an important element in the formation of the Sumerian sentence, which are prepositions on which many meanings are based, and we will highlight in this research the relationship of prepositions to verbs and their meanings only, if we know that Most of the researchers dealt with its relationship to the noun sentence and how it is formed between the rationale for general topics and related to the Sumerian language in general.
It was found through the research that most of the topics related to the grammar of the Sumerian language need more detailed studies, especially the prepositions by knowing their main role in the formation of the actual series and what distinguishes them from the prepositions used in the formation of the nominal series. As for the most important research problems, it lies in the lack of extensive studies on this subject matter, particularly in Arabic; There are still few Arabic studies, so much of what was written was included in general research related to the subject of the Sumerian language in general. Also, this topic cannot be studied in isolation from the full knowledge of the grammatical rules of modern languages such as the Arabic language, which is the language of the research, in addition to the difficulty in determining the meanings of some letters and distinguishing them from the rest of the tools used in the formation of the actual sentence. To reach the purpose behind this research, we relied on the method. Descriptive of the meanings of the letters, and what indicates them, and the analysis of the components of the actual series, and comparison with similar ones in modern languages, such as Arabic and foreign ones, if any. This study will consist of a summary, an introduction, and two chapters with a conclusion. The first chapter is devoted to explaining prepositions idiomatically and linguistically. While we devoted the second topic to the study of prepositions and their meanings in the actual series.

Abstract
This study seeks to identify the method addressed by Al-Zawraa and Al-Bayna Al-Jadida newspapers in presenting the stereotype of women in the Iraqi press during the year 2021. This is achieved through conducting a comprehensive analysis of the content of women with the aim of enhancing their status and knowing everything related to their image in local, Arab and global communities, especially the media focuses on the traditional or formal depiction of women, which is devoid of ambition and portraying them as being interested only in their appearance or in the affairs of the home, family etc. However, the media neglect their leading roles as being workers and participants in sensitive issues, undertaking the responsibility, and having an essential part in achieving development at the level of various fields, especially in light of the deplorable reality experienced by many countries of the world.
The researcher relied on the survey method using content analysis. These two newspapers were selected in order to identify the way in which the written press contributes to the presentation of women's issues and compare between them. The sample was collected using comprehensive inventory of the original community, i.e., for all topics related to women. In this regard, (1080) contents for women in Al-Zawra newspaper and (720) contents in Al-Bayna Al-Jadida newspapers were categorized. A sample was taken from them using rotation method by (52) weeks during the year 2021. The analyzed contents related to women were (156) in Al-Zawraa newspaper and (52) in Al-Bayna Al-Jadida newspaper. Al-Zawraa newspaper in one issue dealt with about (3) topics related to women, while Al-Bayna Al-Jadida newspaper did not exceed one topic regarding women in one issue. The research reached many results, the most important of which was the superiority of Al-Zawraa newspaper over Al-Bayna Al-Jadida newspaper in terms of its interest in dealing with various contents related to women.

ABSTRACT
In this modest research, I dealt with public life in eastern Andalusia in the era of sect states ( The Era of Taifas ) , after eastern Andalusia witnessed tangible and civilized progress in that era, as the sect kings made great achievements in various fields. The wheel of science was in constant progress, and the political turmoil that Andalusia was suffering from at that time did not prevent the sect kings from making important achievements in the edifice of Andalusian civilization. These political changes did not prevent scholars and students of science from moving forward in the acquisition of knowledge and science. A pure mood resulted from thought and art, and the geographical location of eastern Andalusia played a major role because it was a link between the Islamic world. Eastern Andalusia was famous for agriculture, industry and trade until life became cheap and easy, so I chose this modest research (East Andalusia during the Era of the kings of sect states "Taifas" ) and the research is divided into three chapters In the first chapter, I dealt with the political life of the era of the states of eastern Andalusia. As for the second chapter ; I referred to the scientific situation of the era of the sect states east of Andalusia, and in the third chapter I mentioned the social situation of the era of the sect states east of Andalusia.
Almoravid - Mosque- Kings - Scholars -Library

Abstract:
The research dealt with the role of a strong person and an Arab muslim leader , who is sufyan lbn al- Abrad al kalbi, who was credited with establishing the pillars of Umayyad caliphate, starting from the era of muawiyah lbn abi sufyan (40-60 AH – 660-680 AD) until the end of the era of Abdul- Malik bin Marwan (65- 86 AH – 685- 705 AD) . The research focused on studying the lineage of Sufyan lbn Al Abrad Al-Qudaiah, and between his origin and important social status in the city of Damascus. The research also dealt with the role of sufyan lbn Al Abrad in the muslim conquest of Constantinople with Yazid bin muawiyad and his role in pledging allegiance to Marwan lbn Al- hakam as a muslim khlalifa . The research also deals with his role during has sedition between Amr bin Saeed and Abdul-Malik bin Marwan and also the roles played by Sufyan lbn Al- Abrad Elimination of the opposition movements that took place in the face of the Umayyad state represented by the El- khawarges movement of Shabib al- Shaibani and the Qatari movement lbn al- fajah al- Mazani And the movement of Ubaidah bin Hilal al-Yashkari who inherited the rule of the Azariqa after the killing of ibn al- fuja has revolution Abn al- Rahman lbn al- Ashath al-kindi, We also explained the role of sufyan in religious aspects especially his role in the judiciary .

Summary of the research
Persuasion is a necessary and reliable need to change and modify some behaviors to trends , the creative communication process depends on a set of rules in order to succeed directly or indirectly . The current research aims to measure the level of persuasive communication and its relationship to the counselors heuristic creativity and other goals that the researcher seeks to achieve through the current research . The number of the research sample was (100) male and female guides , the research prepared a tool to detect the first variable . the sincerity , reliability coefficient using the Alpha Cronbach method reached (0,81) for the first administration , as for the second research tool , the researcher adopted the emotion creativity scale prepared by (Al Jomaile :2022) as stability coefficient reached (0.86) for this tool , which is a good stability coefficient . After the research found the validity and reliability coefficients for the current research variables , the tow scales ware applied to the current research sample , and after collecting the tow information forms , the data was treated statistical bay (spps) .

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the extent to which the educational counselor in the Directorate of Education in Kirkuk possesses critical thinking skills, and the research sample consisted of (53) counselors. divided into five areas: distinguishing between guiding truth and point of view, diagnosing objectivity and bias in the guiding text, forming conclusions about the guiding text, evaluating arguments or guiding evidence, and deciding logical assumptions. The results showed that the degree of possession of critical thinking skills by the educational counselor is below the educationally acceptable level, which was set at (80%) on the total test and the sub-tests. And the presence of significant differences according to the variable of experience and in favor of the counselors with long experience, and in the light of the results, a set of recommendations were presented. Establishing training and rehabilitation programs for the educational counselor and holding courses and workshops. Encouraging the educational counselor and providing effective support key words. (educational guide, critical thinking skills)

Abstract
The current research aims to identify:
Organizational culture of department heads.1
Crisis management for department heads.2
3.The correlation between organizational culture and crisis management among department heads.
The current research is determined by the study of organizational culture and its relationship to crisis management among department heads at (Baghdad/ Al-Mustansiriya) universities for the academic year (2021/2022
In order to achieve this, the researcher built a scale for the organizational culture variable according to the theory of values, which consists of (25) items to measure the variable. The validity of the two scales was verified by presenting them to a group of experts and arbitrators. The stability of the two scales was also verified by two methods: test and re-test, and Cronbach's alpha method. After checking the accuracy of the psychometric characteristics of the two research scales, the two scales were applied to the basic research sample of (200) adults Heads of departments in an intentional manner, then analyzed the data using the statistical bag for human sciences Spss, and the research reached a number of results, including: the existence of a positive correlation between organizational culture and crisis management among the heads of departments, and the researcher has developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract
The Psychological security and is relation with the Development of University Students
The Psychological security forms one of the necessary needs of humans as it is considered in M ASLOW'S Pyramid of needs. Developing the ego one of the high needs in Maslow's Pyramid. Accordingly ,the hypothesis of the present research is based on the question: does the psychological security lead to developing the ego developing which the present research in an attempt to verify .The present research aims at :
1.Assessing the level of the psychological security of the University Students.
2. Assessing the level of the ego developing of the University Students.
3. Identifyi the differences in the psychological security according to the variable of sex (males/females).
4. Identifying the differences in the ego development according to the variable of sex (males/females).
5. Identifying the relation between the psychological security and the ego development University Students.
To achieve the research goals. the researcher built two scales. The first scale is for the psychological security which is composed of thirty items compared with Arabic and foreign scales. The second scales is for ego development that contains thirty items which the researcher has checked its psychometric characteristics of honesty and consistency. After that, the scales were applied to the research sample that included (240) University Students. Using the statically methods, the results showed the following :
1.The subjects of the research possess an average percentage of the psychological security.
2. The subjects of the research possess high-mid average percentage ability to develop the ego .
3. There is no difference among the students due to the variable of sex (males/females).
4. There are difference among the students due to the variable of sex (males/females)and the ego development University Students.
The research came up with asset of recommendations among which re-enforcing the psychological security using the methods of achieving the internal and the external security to support the students' needs Finally ,the research was ended up by a set of suggestions for further research.

Abstract
The aim of the current research is to identify wisdom-based thinking skills and their relationship to the level of academic achievement among university students. The results were obtained by appropriate statistical means, and the research sample amounted to (600) male and female students, and the study reached the following results:
1- The university students’ having wisdom-based thinking skills at a high level, as the arithmetic mean reached (145.248) compared to the hypothetical mean of (108).
2- The university students have an average level of academic achievement, as the arithmetic mean was (159.481) compared to the hypothetical mean (120).
3- There is no statistically significant difference for wisdom-based thinking skills according to the variable (gender and specialization) in the research sample.
4- There is no statistically significant difference for the level of academic achievement according to the variable (gender and specialization) in the research sample.
5- There is a direct correlation between wisdom-based thinking skills and the level of academic achievement of the research sample, as the value of the correlation coefficient was (0.78).

Abstract
This research which intitled (the language and poetic style in “Dildar”s poems between Haji Qadeir and Nali), wich enters in details and structures of his poems, is we look in a closer look in his Poetry, we would find his poems it is divided in to three sections, a part of them specialized as a nationalism, patriotism and poems of love, which is under the influence of “Haji Qadir”s poems. The second part of his poems is under the influence of “Nali”. In third part of his poems we see the poet trying to unravel these influences, and signing in his own style, byt his short life did not allow him to continue much. Here in this research we try to pose all of these details.

Abstract:
This study is entitled (Morph syntax in the proverb( piramerd’s proverbs as an example)). In this study, it is tried to analyse morph syntax items and the prinviples, scales, and morph syntax related to piramerd’s proverbs. Kurdish language is a form of a linked language and the chacterstics of this type of language is that morphology and syntax were mixed together. This study is an attempt to determine the bounded morphology and syntax levels and a mixture of these two levels. Identifying the morphemes of morphosyntax. How each of them plays a role in piramerd’s proverbs.It consists of two parts and the result. The first is about the relationship between morphosyntax and the proverb. With the features of proverbs ofclosed class. The second part, talks about morphosyntax morphemes in pieamerd’s proverbs.The reseach is based on method of descriptive analysis because in the first part it talks about the theoretical one which is the types of bounded moepheme function. They do a task in a sentence and proverbs. The samples are derived from piramerd’s proverbs. In the end some results were shown.

Abstract
modern Kurdish literature, and it is owned by (Sherif Hussein Panahi), as a piece of free poetry in which the owner talks about his feelings and thoughts towards his beloved, but this Time differs from his love for women, and his beloved in this poetic piece is his homeland, whose people emigrate as a result of the invasion of the enemies of the Kurds.
Keywords: (model building, language building, weight building, superstructure, image building).
Research topics include:
The first axis: Determining the beauty, elegance and attractiveness of the Kurdish literary text and its importance and the necessity of beauty in the Kurdish literary text in general and poetry in particular.
The second axis: the manifestations of beauty in modern Kurdish poetry (Koji Kordan), as a model, the construction of form, the construction of language, the construction of weight, the upper structure, the construction of the image.
The research ends with an introduction, the most important results, a list of sources, and a summary in both Kurdish and Arabic.

Abstract
modern Kurdish literature, and it is owned by (Sherif Hussein Panahi), as a piece of free poetry in which the owner talks about his feelings and thoughts towards his beloved, but this Time differs from his love for women, and his beloved in this poetic piece is his homeland, whose people emigrate as a result of the invasion of the enemies of the Kurds.
Keywords: (model building, language building, weight building, superstructure, image building).
Research topics include:
The first axis: Determining the beauty, elegance and attractiveness of the Kurdish literary text and its importance and the necessity of beauty in the Kurdish literary text in general and poetry in particular.
The second axis: the manifestations of beauty in modern Kurdish poetry (Koji Kordan), as a model, the construction of form, the construction of language, the construction of weight, the upper structure, the construction of the image.
The research ends with an introduction, the most important results, a list of sources, and a summary in both Kurdish and Arabic.

Summary:
Concept and role of verb in enlightenment and functional grammar
This study deals with a new perspective about Subject, because in its current form, the subject faces logical problems especially the subject in its negative form and in present tense sentences. As in these two cases it is logically not common to be a subject because in the first case it cant fulfill the act, and in the second one the action is not completed. For these reasons we have to consider functional grammar, because in functional grammar the subject has various different forms. The current study is entitled “The Function and the concept of Subject in structural Functional Grammar” which sheds light on new perspectives towards the functional grammar of subject. It is a descriptive study.
The importance of the study is that it is a new perspective of subject and differentiates between the actual subject and the subject like. The study aims at finding a new rule to introduce the function and the meaning of subject, as well as finding out the types of subjects in its functional form not the position.
The study consists of an introduction and a conclusion. It also consists of two parts: the first part is devoted to subject in structural grammar. It includes the following sub-titles: “the subject, the position of subject, the place of subject in the sentence, etc.” while the second part is devoted to the subject in functional grammar, it includes the following sub titles: “functional perspective of subject, the structure of subject in functional grammar,etc. It also includes the abstract in Arabic and English language.

Abstract
Pessimism is one of the major characteristics of modern and post-modern era. It flourished in the works of writers and philosophers. The rise of this sort of world-view was the out-come of the irrational conflicts of those eras. The questions concerning the vanity of human existence and situation are triggered by some cardinal writers and thinkers as Albert Camus in (Myth of Sisyphus) and Samuel Beckette.
In Kurdish literature، Bakhtiar Ali as a post-modernist writer highlights the same question. So، our research entitled in "pessimism and hopelessness in (O the port of friend O the Ship of Enemy)" deals with pessimism from Bakhtiar's perspective.
The research consists of four sections. The first section depicts the origin of "pessimism" in the history of western writings. The second section deals with the function of poetry. The third section treats pessimism from Bakhtiar's perspective. Then the fourth section studies the main topic of the research. Finally، the last section is the conclusions and a bibliography.