Modern Sport

The researcher used the descriptive method. The aim of the research was to identify the relationship between the explosive power of leg muscles and some basic parts to execute spike in volleyball. The hypothesis of the study was there is a statiscal relationship between the variables of the study. The subjects wewe (20) first class volleyball players. After conducting the tests, the results were treated statiscally, (using median, standard deviation and correlations between the explosive power of the legs and the basic parts of spiking).The researcher concluded that:•There is a statistical relationship in all variables of the study.Then he recommended the following:•The necessity of using scientific styles in training explosive power and in developing physical fitness programs that suit the level of the team.•Making similar studies that study the relationship between the explosive power of the arms and trunk muscles as well as the legs to identify the relationship among these muscles and their effect on spiking.

Developing Speed Endurance Through Special Skill Position Physical Exercises In Fencing and Their Effects On Some Motor and Physical Abilities In Youth Players Of The Ages (18 – 20) YearsThe problem of the research lies in the low level of the fencers speed during the last phases of the match or competition. Thus the researcher aimed at developing speed endurance through match – like exercises to identify their effects on some motor and physical abilities on fencers of 18 – 20 years old. The researcher used the interval training based on work and rest for nine weeks. The subjects were 12 fencers of all three weapons. A group of tests were used to measure some motor and physical abilities. The subjects were divided into two equal groups according to the results of the pre tests of speed endurance. The exercises were applied for nine weeks then the same tests used in pretests were repeated. The data was treated statistically. The researcher discussed the results and came up with many conclusions and recommendations. All the players who participated in this research came first in the Gifted Championship held in January 2010 in both saber and foil.

The Aim of study to know to effect using the backward learning to learn skill pointing from fixity. Choose the subjects from students of the first stage from collage of basic education. The number of subjects (20) students and age him (19- 22) years and divide him tow groups controlling group and experimental group. In it study using experimental research. After that display of results of research and conclusions and recommendation that is better to learning the backward learning to learn skill pointing from fixity

The physical abilities are the most important abilities for reaching theupper levels of sports of team I .e (volley ball and baskt ball) and otherteam games. These games have been characterized by artistic and skilledperformance and special speed performance required through out theperiod of competition beside the lengthen ability which focused on speedwithout lowered the suitable and required level of performance ofshooting skill against the opponent goal. The results of specialperformance required physical abilities form the player (female male) ofteam members thus the player who has the special physical performanceAlso has the special performance skill.the research has diagnosed the type of relationship ، Accordinglybetween the speed lengthen ability and the accuracy of shooting from forword jumping of handball.hand ball. ، The research has applied on a sample of army sport clubs sample for speed lengthens and ،The tests have designed on researchshooting skill of forward jumping.The research has been concluded from the results the following:-the level of fulfillment of speed lengthen test for girls players point a realappearance of type of the relation before the statistical treatment in thelevel of fulfillment and successful percentage of accuracy shooting test ofit has appeared clearly the relation with the ،forward jumping . Alsoamount of fulfillment through the performance of girl’s player ofmovement skills and keeping of these movements through out the wholecompletion.

The Effect of Using Distributed and Intensive Training Methods in Learning the Shooting Accuracy Skill in Handball
The research included five chapters:

Chapter One: This chapter provided the introduction, which discussed the importance of early skill development in handball. The significance of the study lies in choosing two teaching methods based on the duration of rest periods in each method and their effect on shooting accuracy in handball. The aim of the study is to determine which method is more effective in learning the shooting accuracy skill in handball. The key hypothesis of the study is that both distributed and intensive training methods positively affect learning shooting accuracy in handball.

Chapter Two: This chapter included theoretical studies that covered topics such as shooting in handball and learning methods.

Chapter Three: This chapter described the research methodology (the experimental method) and the research sample, which consisted of 20 male students from Al-Majd Intermediate School. The students were divided into two groups, each containing 10 students. The research used the skewness test and the T-test to assess the homogeneity and equivalence of the groups, as well as pre-test and post-test evaluations.

Chapter Four: This chapter presented the results of the shooting accuracy skill and analyzed and discussed them using statistical tables.

Chapter Five: This chapter included the conclusions and recommendations drawn from the results obtained. The main conclusion was the preference for using the intensive training method in learning the shooting accuracy skill in handball

The research contain on five chapters which are :
This chapter include the research introduction and its importance at which the research introduction studies which considers from the important elements to reach the best level , the event of high jump get its share from these experiences which aid to find the important factors that must take care and concentration it to advance the best level of achievement always . the research suggest making a study to knowledge the relation ship between numeral level to the achievement in high jump and the extremity strength , proportional strength , velocity strength for the muscles of legs and moving fastness , and its effects on the numeral level in high jump on a sample from the students of the fourth stage . to be easy for coaches gets its benefits as much as possible .
The aim of the research :
1 . knowledge the relationship between the numeral level in high jump event and the extremity strength proportional strength velocity strength to muscles of legs and aiming fastness .
2 . define the impotence of each property from the physical properties , the extremity strength , proportion strength , velocity strength for the muscles of legs and moving fastness according its participation in the numeral level in high jump .
And from hypothesis of the research :
1 . there is correlation between the numeral level in high jump and the all of each : the extremity strength , proportion strength , velocity strength for the muscles of legs and the moving fastness .
2 . the proportion of the physical properties , the extremity strength , proportional strength and the velocity strength for the muscles of the legs in the high jump differs according to its importance .
And the field performance of the research :
Sample : 30 students from the third stage in the college of sport education .
Period : from 29 – 11 – 2008 to 2 – 1 – 2009 .
Location : the stadium of the college of sport education .
Second chapter : theoretical and similar studies this chapter include many axis related
with the researchers study , the researcher deals to the formers of fitness , from these formers : muscular strength and its shapes , it relation with some physical formers which velocity strength , explosion strength including muscular strength and its relation with the jump of body as the extremity strength and its relationship with the high jump and the proportional muscular strength .


Third chapter : the research method and its field performance
The researcher use surveying method for its according with the nature of the research , this chapter include description for the research sample and tests performance and determination the suitable important testes side from exploration experiecc of the research and the important statistic maters which used in treating the conclusions.
Fourth chapter : offering , analysis and discussions related dealings of the tow engagements ( physical properties and the numeral level in high jump event ) and offer , discuss the physical properties in the numeral level in the long jump event independency .

Fifth chapter : conclusion and recommendation .
After discuses which offered the researcher got
the following .
Conclusion :
1 . there is a moral relation between the numeral level in high jump for velocity strength , proportional strength and extremity strength for the muscles of legs .
2 . there is engagement contrary between the numeral level in high jump and moving fastness .
3 . the property of velocity strength Goths the maximum contributory proportion in the numeral level reached 48 % and the moving fastness reached 42 % contributory property ,of proportion strength gots 31% contributory proportion .
And the recommendation of the research contains :
1 . intersection increasing and develop of the properties of fitness in general for the coaches and concentration and development the physical properties which deals the researcher in his study ( velocity strength , proportional strength for legs and moving fastness .
2 . must stress on the correct execution techniguc of the high jump event for the teachers and coaches and using the helpful learning means foe getting better level possible .
3 . make researches and similar studies on another variables the researcher does not deals to discover the rest values contributory.

Reaching high levels in the field of sports requires the integration of all administrative and scientific efforts in the country. Sports has become a science that depends on most other sciences (such as medicine, engineering, education, psychology, physiology, biochemistry, and nutrition, etc.).

Sports psychology forms an essential foundation in the training process, and without it, it is difficult to achieve distinguished performance levels. This achievement represents the essence of training and is an indicator of the athlete's abilities and talents, which are latent and expressed through motor excellence and the psychological and self-development that distinguish this athlete from others.

The psychological state of athletes has become a fundamental component of sports training, including in swimming, which has received great attention along with physical and technical skills. When team levels are close, psychological principles and individual mental characteristics can play a decisive role in the team's success.

The aim of psychological preparation is to develop the desire for success and the confidence to beat the opponent. This success is only achieved through strengthening willpower, motivation, persistence, confidence, self-control, and mental state.

This is achieved through the coach’s competence in training and his understanding of the entire educational and psychological process, enabling him to deal with challenges, situations, and changing conditions during and outside the competition.

Since psychological preparation for athletes is one of the crucial pillars of the training process, in addition to other training elements, the importance of this research is focused on studying emotional response traits as they are vital psychological factors that must be continuously studied to understand their impact on the performance level of 200m freestyle swimmers during competitions. Competitions require athletes to prepare all their strength and abilities to the maximum.

This study also aims to address some obstacles faced by swimmers during competitions

The two researchers used the exercise (limited areas) in the learning some basic skills and physical abilities in football. They used the experimental method which is appropriate for the nature of the problem. The two researchers used two equal groups(free group and group training under certain exercise) and the researcher sample was selected from students of the first class in diyala university/ faculty of physical education and they are (36) out of(210).The research sample was selected as the basic skills(suppressions, handing and scoring) while the physical tests(dynamic response, speed and zigzag running).The exercises (limited areas) has been applied for the two groups and they are (14) student for period of (10) weeks by two units in the week. Through the deference of results between the tests after applying appropriate statistical methods and by observing the tables it is clear that the group applied the(limited areas)has been development its players from the level of basic skills and physical abilities

This section covers the introduction and significance of the research, where the researcher addressed the importance of small games in the field of sports. The researcher highlighted the factors contributing to their importance and the potential outcomes that could be achieved if small games were given a greater role in training and educational activities for developing sports skills.

Research Problem
The research problem focused on the limited role of the preparatory and concluding sections of a training session. The preparatory section is usually confined to preparing the body for the main session, while the concluding section is focused on lowering physical exertion to transition into rest post-exercise. However, neither section contributes to developing the skills and abilities required in the main session.

Research Objective
The objective of the research was to identify the impact of incorporating small games in the concluding section of training sessions on improving shooting accuracy in archery.

Research Hypotheses
To address the problem, the researcher proposed the following hypotheses:

There are random, statistically insignificant differences between the pre- and post-tests for the control group.
There are significant, statistically relevant differences between the pre- and post-tests for the experimental group.
There are significant, statistically relevant differences in the post-test results between the control and experimental groups, in favor of the experimental group.
Research Scope
Human Scope: A group of archery players from Baghdad clubs.
Spatial Scope: Firnas Aviation Club.
Temporal Scope: The timeframe during which the researcher conducted the research experiment.
Chapter Two: Theoretical Study
This chapter included a theoretical study on small games, covering:

The concept of small games.
Small games and their relationship with society.
The purposes and significance of small games.
The unique characteristics of small games.
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
This chapter discussed the research methodology used by the researcher to address the problem. It included:

The research sample, consisting of 30 archery players from Baghdad clubs, randomly selected and divided into two groups using a lottery system.
The tools and equipment used in the experiments.
The test designed to measure shooting accuracy in archery.
The exploratory experiment.
The statistical methods applied in the analysis.
Chapter Four: Results and Discussion
This chapter presented, analyzed, and discussed the results obtained by the researcher after conducting the main experiment.

Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendations
This chapter summarized the conclusions reached by the researcher:

There was no statistically significant improvement in the control group’s performance in the post-test compared to the pre-test, due to the lack of changes in the training program.
There was a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group’s performance in the post-test compared to the pre-test, attributed to modifications in the training program.
There was a statistically significant difference in post-test performance levels between the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental group.
Based on these conclusions, the researcher provided recommendations for further development

The present research aims at revealing the impact of using regular and final evaluation on practical practice for practitioner students and their tendency towards teaching profession. The researcher hypothesized the presence of statistical indicative differences between using regular and final evaluation on practical practice for practitioner students and their tendency towards teaching profession.Research population was determined per intentional method from the students of 4th. Grade / Dept. of Sport Education- College of Basic Education-University of Mosul for the academic year 2008-2009. Number of students was (52) male and female students constituting two classes. The research sample was consisted of (30) students equally distributed on the two groups of the present research. The researcher has applied an experimental design, called the equal groups of randomly choice of pre and post observation as follows: evaluation form of student’s behavior performance, which is applied in the sport education classes and the students’ orientation scale towards the profession of teaching.To attain the research findings; the researcher has applied the following statistical tools: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and (T) coefficient for two equal and correlated means by applying SPSS system. The researcher has concluded the efficacy of regular evaluation on the practical practice for practitioner students in sport education classes and proved its positive effect on practitioner students’ tendency better than the final evaluation towards the teaching profession

Training by Using medical balls is considered one the methods used to elivare the players body and skill levels as it develops the muscles strength in accordance with the right skillful performance. The research aims at preparing special exercise by using medical balls of various weights for women playing Basketball ,One of the most important assumptions of this research is that there are spiritual statistical differences between the tests done before and after for the skillful variables for both the empirical and exact groups for the tests done after this in addition to supporting the research with theoretical studies that enrich this research scientifically, The empirical method used in this research has been chosen for being more convenient for the research them sample specification sample efficiency and homogenirg in addition to thee training sullabus and the specification of the statistical methods used, A demonstration of the test results and discussion have been mode to reach the conclusions of the research, the exercises applied using medical balls of various weights have a positive effect in developing the players skills. Most important recommendations of this research is stressing the need to follow scientific foundations when applying exercises in view to their sequences and weights during the training unit and confirming the use of medical balls of various weights as long as they have positive effect in skill development.

"It is necessary to search for new techniques and methods that can teach the largest number of learners more effectively with the same available resources. Hence, the importance of the present research lies in its presentation of the cooperative learning method in learning some basic handball skills."

Affection of training program for some of physical capacities. In developing the performances penalty of game football,forThe players of Collge of physical Education . The thesis includes five pats , whereas,the first part includes the thesis itself and its significane, and we had talked bout the problem of the thesis ,and its targets,itssupposes and at lastthe theree demotinns of the research , place ,time ,and humanitarian . While the second part included studying of method whereas making known the kinds of the power of the muscles And its department and how can making training and develop the powre and how can do the penalty faster . Whereas the third part talks about the program of thesis and its procedures in the yards , we were making know and studied sample of the thesis used,foom the college of physical Eduction/ second stage/Health department as the researcher is teacher in the college of physical education /University of Baghdad, and How can associate and talked about his experiences which has practiced and talked about the before testing and main experiences and the test after and making statistic wwhich had been in the thesis . The fourth part , had talked showing and analysis and discussion the results of the thesis which he reached and known the method of developing the penalty 0f the player 0f College of physica education . The fifth part talked about the conclusion and recommendations that given by the researcher, as the research had talked about program of Training unit and other recommendations and page of the references.

To judge any type of sport we can use tow factors; first the popularity of that sport and second the records that the players achieve. Beach volleyball is one of these sports because it has great achievement records as well as wide popularity. The popularity of the sport made it easier to find video tapes of famous matches. The researcher proposed using modern technology including video and teaching films as feedback to uplift the artistic level of spiking in volleyball players.The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (40) volleyball players who were dividend into experimental group (16), controlling (16) and (8) players for pilot study. The training sessions started grom 27/2/2008 till 20/4/2008. The researcher concluded that using the video for visual and auditory feedback had a great role in improving the artistic level of the controlling group.The researcher recommended using additional feedback represented in continues pictures and teaching videos during the main phase of the training session.

The research includes one of the modern learning methods that accompany the educational process in the field of badminton for young girls, aiming to develop skill levels. The problem lies in the stagnation and lack of development among young female players due to the absence of modern programs from coaches and the lack of a system to motivate coaching staff towards modern, organized, and programmed methods in badminton. The researchers developed an educational program using fixed and variable exercise schedules to improve basic skills for a sample of second-grade middle school girls at Al-Karkh Education Secondary School for the academic year 2008/2009. The study was conducted at Safiya Bint Abdul Muttalib School, with 30 students, each aged 14. The experimental method was used to align with the objectives of the research. The calculated values for the pre-tests of the fixed and variable groups were obtained to ensure the equivalence of the groups, with consultations from specialized experts and an experienced team familiar with the game. The educational methodology was derived from the researcher’s experience, along with input from specialists, resulting in the preparation of 14 initial instructional units and a pilot experiment.

The standardized tests for all basic skills were used, developed by Dr. Luay Hussein Al-Bakri (2000). The results were presented, discussed, and analyzed, with a focus on the use of the educational program utilizing fixed and variable scheduling for three skills: high serve, front dimensions, and back dimensions. The conclusions showed a positive and significant effect of the program on skill similarity for both groups, with better outcomes in the post-tests for the variable exercise group, particularly for open skills. No significant differences were found between the groups in the serve skill (a closed skill). The use of mental and physical exercises, along with the appropriate feedback, showed effective results in skill acquisition and learning. The research concluded with recommendations for coaches to focus on enhancing their modern capabilities and suggested the creation of a standardized battery for skill assessment in badminton across various levels and ages."

Undoubtedly, reaching scientific facts requires a set of logical and research steps, including examination, investigation, testing hypotheses, and processing results using the appropriate method and approach in scientific research. Therefore, in this study, we aim to examine one of the important indicators of physical growth, which is the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the fat percentage in the body, according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO).

In 2004, the World Health Organization published classification criteria and the health risks associated with an increased BMI, based on globally recognized measurements.

Hence, it is essential to apply this international standard and its classifications to the students of the College of Physical Education to achieve scientific facts about the classification of students according to this criterion and to determine the grade and classification of students based on the WHO standard. This is particularly important, as the selection and acceptance of students in these colleges require investigating a globally accepted standard to classify students and assess the degree of risks that may arise from an increased BMI according to the latest classification by WHO. Additionally, knowing the fat percentage in the body provides us with accurate indications about the presence or absence of obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases. Therefore, determining the fat percentage is crucial as it is one of the key health indicators that should be detected and monitored periodically to observe any changes in body composition due to physical activity, weight loss programs, and others.

Based on the above, understanding the BMI level and fat percentage classification among students of the College of Physical Education according to the WHO standard will reflect the students' body composition and highlight how well the BMI and fat percentage align with aspects of obesity among students in accordance with the international standards set by the WHO.

The research introduces the importance of physical and fundamental capacities in shot put performance, and the need to develop them using specialized training programs. The researcher, based on personal experience as a former player and coach, observed that there is a weakness in the physical aspects of most young athletes due to the lack of attention to well-structured training programs. This highlighted the core problem addressed by the study.

Research Objectives:

To design a training program to develop some physical capacities for shot put performance.
To identify the impact of the proposed training program on improving physical capacities and performance in shot put for the research sample.
Research Hypotheses:

There are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test, in favor of the post-test for the experimental group, regarding the development of physical capacities and performance in shot put, as a result of the proposed training program.
There are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-test, in favor of the experimental group regarding the development of physical capacities and performance in shot put, due to the effect of the proposed training program.
Research Scope:

Human Domain: Athletes from the Diyala Sports Club for track and field events.
Time Domain: From May 7, 2009, to August 11, 2009.
Spatial Domain: Diyala Sports Club fields, College of Physical Education fields, and the martyr Arkan Club stadium.
Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework This chapter includes the concept of physical capacities and their importance in the development of athletic performance.

Chapter 3: Research Methodology and Field Procedures This chapter presents the experimental design used in the study, which includes pre- and post-test for individual groups. The sample consists of 10 young athletes from Diyala Sports Club for track and field events, selected by a purposeful sampling method. The training program lasted from May 7 to August 11, 2009, for 10 weeks, with 6 training sessions per week. The chapter also outlines the physical capacity tests, tools, devices used, methods of data collection, pilot study, and statistical analysis procedures.

Chapter 4: Results Presentation, Analysis, and Discussion This chapter includes the presentation of the arithmetic means, standard deviations, and calculated and tabulated T-values for the pre- and post-test results. Additionally, it discusses the findings obtained.

Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions:

The training program significantly contributed to the development of some physical capacities, as indicated by the statistical significance in the post-test results.
The training approach used in the program led to improvements in physical capacities and performance levels.
The experimental group showed a higher rate of development in physical capacities and performance compared to the control group.
Recommendations:

To continue using the proposed training program to further enhance physical capacities and performance.
To incorporate similar training methodologies in other athletic domains for improving physical development

The Study was conducted on (16) foot ball players elected of basic education college in age (20-22) years. The study was aim into knowingness the respect between officiating skill in flowing of foot ball and some corporal fitness elements.Results showed some significant differences between the officiating skill in flowing of foot ball and some corporal fitness elements to sample studying. From these results this study also it convergence into skill and corporal level in singling sample study group.

The Judo sport developed widely specially in last years because of using sport science in proper methods, so the aim of this research was the necessary of developing the speed of strength for upper and down limbs muscles to Judo wrestling. The problem of research was weakness in these muscles because of poor in operation of pull and stress and in balance of Judo wrestler so it make a fail in Judo movements, the goal of research to make training method to increase the speed of strength also the upper and down limbs muscles for young wrestling weight (73 – 81)Kg.The research sample contained (8) wrestlers in Iraq National Team, the conclusion was there is a significant developing in physical tests and skills tests, and the recommendation was to use this training method to increase this physical trait and the Judo movement in this research

((Effect of exercise on the performance of some basic skills to goalkeeper handball))Included Part I of the search on the simple introduction about handball, especially the goalkeeper and the problem of research and research objectives, including (preparation exercises in particular and to identify the impact on the development of some basic skills goalkeeper handball) and also the hypotheses of the research, including (for the exercise of used a positive impact in the development of performance some basic skills to goalkeeper handball) also included a sample search (6) goalkeepers training center in Al-Karkh The second section contained a studies astrobiological on the subject under discussion, and section III contained the action in the field of research and Part IV consisted of statistical treatments in question and Part V included the conclusions of which (for the exercises for use within the training curriculum effectiveness and positive impact on the performance of some basic skills to goalkeeper handball) and the recommendations of which (the use and application exercises the particular vocabulary training curriculum and prepare the youth team handball).