Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

Orhan Veli Kanık, one of the important writers of a Turkish poetry in the republican and one of the founders of the Garip poetry movement and community, used individual and realistic themes in his poems and wrote about the daily (positive and negative) life issues of the society. He connects with readers through an approach that enjoys living, handles the sweet and harsh sides of life together, and looks at everything with a slightly cynical eye. The humor and sarcastic titles he added to some of his poems express his world of thought and way of feeling. The poet opposed the aruz and syllabic meter and took a stand in favor of free poetry. Therefore, Orhan Veli Kanık; An examination of his poem titled Montör Sabree will be eye-opening for his world to can we see his tailent in the poet. Orhan Veli Kanık being a heterogeneous perspective poet his serial novel Montör Sabri is analyzed within the scope of Şerif Aktaş’s book The Analysis of poem (Theory and Practice).

Iraqi Turkmen belongs to the group of dialects located in the eastern region (Azerbaijani Turkish) of the South-western (Oghuz) group. The language of the Iraqi Turks is included in the Azeri field of Turkish. Iraqi Turkmen are Oghuzes who emigrated from Central Asia. Turkmen use the Turkish language in written texts, not their own language.
The Turkmen have existed for a thousand years and have a rich food culture. While they continued to use the food culture they knew from their ancestors, they sometimes derived new words for the new food culture they encountered and sometimes continued to use it as Arabic or Persian as it was.
In this study, old food names in Iraqi Turkmen dialects (Kirkuk, Dakuk, Tuzhurmatu) were compiled, their equivalents in Old Turkish as well as Turkish were tried to be given, and the originals of the identified Arabic and Persian loan words were shown in parentheses.

Abstract
This research focuses on (the nominal relative relative sentence) to clarify, explain, and document, and to identify the differences of grammarians in this type of sentence, making the Holy Qur’an a field for representation and application in order to reveal the patterns of these sentences and their connotations.

The research dealt with the sport of running among vagabond poets in the pre_ Islamic era and focused on the importance of running in ancient and modern times for human beings in general " and destitute vagabonds in particular " in that it is a miraculous guality that overcomes for them many of the difficulties that plagued their environment " and helps them provide the necessary life necessities that sustain their lives. It satisfies their needs' in addition to ridding them of the critical pitfalls they face' and handling them brilliantly in addition this advantage has given them self- confidence' which crystallizes pride in their ability to outrun everything' no matter how fast it is' whether it be ( human' animal' bird ) or non-existent (the wind).

Linguistic studies have mostly gone in their approaches to explaining grammatical phenomena and their connotations, but in this research we will address one of these phenomena in the structures of one linguistic root, and thus two connotations are combined in this study, namely, the connotation of the grammatical phenomenon, and the connotation of the morphological forms, of the structures of that root, and this shows the extent to which. The semantic interaction between these two connotations, through which the new meaning that result from them can be stated. This study has specialized in the phenomenon of deleting intentionality in the compositions of the root structures, near, in the Holy Quran, and this is a statement of the deep moral purposes and goals resulting from the composition, thus forming an integrated semantic picture of the meaning, required.
To achieve this, we decided to divide the research into three sections. In the first section, we dealt with the significance of deleting the subject. In the second section, we dealt with the significance of deleting the predicate. In the third section, we showed the significance of deleting the subject. To reach the desired results, we took the analytical approach to study this research, which ended with a statement. The most important results in a brief conclusion.

This study aims to reveal the nature of the poetry of asceticism and immorality in Abbasid poetry, while explaining the negative and positive aspects of each purpose, and revealing the transformations that occurred between these two contradictory purposes according to Abu Al-Atahiyah and Abu Nuwas. The social transformation that that era witnessed had a major role in movement, especially After the mixing of Arabs with other nations, this had an impact on Abbasid poetry, as Abbasid society inherited all the tools of entertainment that existed in Persian society, and this was helped by the extravagant freedom that the Abbasid Revolution led to. They began to drink wine and drink its cups until they were drunk, and addiction became a phenomenon, but it included A limited class of people, especially the wealthy and the poets around them. As for the common people, they did not know luxury or the decadence and corruption that it led to. Society was Islamic and adhered to its obligations, laws and rituals. Arts appeared in it that encouraged the demands of life and advanced people’s tastes, such as the poetry of wine-making, which appealed to the class of frivolous entertainers, and the poetry of asceticism, which pleased the religious. Abbasid society was overflowing with this Binaries.
Our study was divided into an introduction and one axis, as in the introduction we dealt with the concept of transformation in a simplified manner, and the axis included an explanation of the transition from immorality to asceticism among the two poets Abu Nuwas and Abu al-Atahiya, who were in their beginnings immoral, but later God turned to them and they moved to asceticism and religiosity using The words chastity and reverence

The study is perhaps attempted to concern with the elements structure
of the narrative style to any poet from modern contemporary poets that
could hardly touch the difficulties of worthy production and indeed in
genuine poetry further the virtue of intrinsic. Regardless of these
difficulties, the study will be concerned with certain structural elements
of the narrative style of modern Arabic poetry that includes a variety of
genres to show through its various forms and concepts through eminent
efforts to work with various elements
Therefore in this study, there was inevitable variation that could not be
avoided concerning the most eminent contributions by Abd Alrazq Al
Rubai. His poetry particularly indeed included four parts, and each part
had its structural elements that might distinguish Al-Rubai's artistic style
in poetry in which the structure was written in an essential sense of its narrative style

The research dealt with the study and investigation of a very
important manuscript (Al-Durar Al-Nazim fi Tahqiq Al-Kalam Al-Qadim) by Ahmad bin Hassan bin Abdul Karim bin Muhammad bin Yusuf Abi Al-Abbas Al-Qahiri Al-Jawhari (d. 1181 AH) with the majesty of its author, which has not been previously investigated by scientific investigation, and its importance lies in its related topic. With the type of ancient speech of God Almighty, the research included an introduction, two academic and investigative sections, a conclusion, and a list of sources and references. Praise be to God first and last, and may God’s blessings and peace be upon our Master Muhammad and his family, companions, and followers.

Title: Rule: Denial in the Context of Exile and Its Effect on Interpretation, Models of the Interpretation (Open Almighty) of Chocani, Applied Study.. Research Objective: The research aims to highlight a connotation: denial in the context of exile and its effect on interpretation, making Shukani's interpretation a field of application, taking models of it, and it deserves study to be independent research. Research Plan: The researcher has divided his study into researchers: First Research: The Personal and Scientific Curriculum Vitae of Chocani, with three demands. Second research: Applied study, with six demands, where I display and study models.. Conclusion: The most important results include: 1. The denial in the position of denial is generally useful and has an effect on interpretation. 2. Shawkani was influenced by the oval, Zahan's Andalusian father, and son of values more than others.. 3. The models studied amounted to 6.

The concept of empathy does not stray from the realm of emotion, as it consists of affective reactions that have psychological and social reflections, as well as functional and influential contributions to the audience. Since emotion is one of the pillars of the artistic structure of a literary work, empathy occupies a significant portion of this pillar through its relationship with understanding others, comprehending their psychological state and social circumstances, and the compassion it may evoke. This compassion can lead the poetic self to embody and merge with it. Moreover, empathy plays an active role in purifying the self through its compassion and sympathy for others. The forms of empathy may be individual or collective, depending on the nature of the situations that call for empathy. Poet Abdul Wahab Al-Bayati, being one of the poets committed to national, popular, and humanitarian causes, was able to shape empathy into images that reflected the human reality on both individual and collective levels in an artistic poetic formulation. This clearly shows the extent of the poetic self's empathy with various human issues, reinforcing the role of literature in building society, expressing its aspirations and problems, and exploring detailed matters that clarify the directions, functions, and forms of empathy at all levels of artistic structure. With God's help, success is achieved.

This research examines the intersection of Romanticism, ecoctriticism, and industrialization through a succinctly comprehensive analysis of William Wordsworth\'s poem “The World is Too Much with Us” in the Romantic Period.
The ecocritical significance of the poem is examined through evaluating how Wordsworth portrays humanity\'s schism from nature and its ramifications, and studying the poem\'s motifs, themes, and literary techniques, including its use of language, imagery, and symbolism. Furthermore, it gives a synopsis of the captious reactions to the poem, investigating its acceptance, incorporation and interpretation over time, and accentuating the heterogeneity of scholarly points of view on its meaning and centrality. The ongoing relevance and impact of Wordsworth\'s poetry in present-day environmental discussions, including ecocriticism, and environmental activism, in the light of “The World is Too Much with Us” is examined.

The theme of industrialization in the poem is discussed. The research presents a diligent evaluation of the historical background of industrialization during the Victorian Period, including the accelerated advance of factories, urbanization, and technological progressions that altered society and the environment. The research also attempts to explore how the poem mirrors the gloomy influence of industrialization on society, it highlights the exploitation of the natural world in the disguise of growth, the disappearance of connectivity with the natural world, and examines the results of consumerism and materialism on humans’ closeness to nature. The study further studies the depiction of industrialization in art and literature of the period, along with the Romantic poets\' rejoinder to the developing landscape and the human cost of industrial advancement. By using ecocritical and historical approaches, the study examines the poetic prediction of the oppressing and abusing effects of industrialization demonstrated in the poem.

The history of literature has passed through various historical stages, one of which is ‘‘classical literature’’, enduring over a significant period. This era played a vital role in the creation of several classical poetry texts by poets from diverse nationalities belonging to that time. Many of these poets, particularly those residing in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region, composed poetry in Turkish alongside their mother tongue. One of the poets who have turned away from writing poetry in Turkish is Safi Hirani.

This study aims at finding out teachers’ attitudes towards the importance of using brainstorming technique for improving productive skills in secondary schools in Kirkuk especially in writing compositions and speaking about different topics which are found in English textbook of sixth preparatory class. Sample of thirty male and female teachers is involved in this study. A questionnaire is constructed to find out the EFL teachers’ attitudes towards the importance of brainstorming technique in teaching writing and speaking in sixth preparatory class, and the results of this study showed that brainstorming technique is very important in teaching writing and speaking in sixth preparatory class.

The origins of the letters and their characteristics have received the attention of Tajweed scholars, who devoted separate sections to them in their works. To protect the tongue from the melody in recitation of the Holy Qur’an, in addition to being one of the most important levels of Tajweed science. Mastery in it depends on studying linguistic sounds by knowing the origins of letters, their characteristics, and the rulings that occur on them at the level of structure, then relying on reception and orality
Scholars in the science of Tajweed have written many scientific systems, and the Tajweed Arjoza by Dr. Abdul Sattar Fadel is a scientific extension of it. As he followed the approach of master reciters, this research came to expand its expressions and reveal its meanings

The Abdullah bin Abi Awfa (Alqama Al-Aslami) companion of the Prophet peace be upon him saw the pledge of allegiance to Radwan and Hudaybiyyah and Khaybar, won the prize so, was inhabited Medina in the era of the Prophet peace be upon him, and then inhabited Kufa after the death of the Messenger of God peace be upon him, which is the last to die Kufa of the Companions, And that year 87 of the Hijra, differed in his nickname to three sayings: it is said Abu Ibrahim and it is said Abu Muawiyah and it is said Abu Muhammad, his lineage goes back to the tribe of Khuza'a, the well-known Arab tribe, he lost his sight at the end of his life, and he dyed his head with henna and had two braids, one of his virtues is that he received the hadith from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) orally without a medium, and this is an advantage of honor, And a high degree of Abdullah bin Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him), narrated by a large collection of such as Al-Shaabi and Tamim bin Tarfa and Al-Amash and others, the number of hadiths narrated by Sheikh Al-Bukhari and Muslim (7) hadiths, agreed upon in their Sahih, who received the nation hadiths acceptance, and they are one of the healthiest books after the Holy Qur'an.

In human life, the family is the foundation and the nucleus of society, and marriage and what it consists of individuals and the resulting rights and duties that ensure the continuation of a comfortable and happy life in society, so the wife must have rights over her husband through which some matters of life are sustained, and marital maintenance is a chapter One of the chapters of social solidarity in Islam, and we will learn in this research what alimony is, its conditions, the duties of the husband to spend on his wife, the elements of alimony such as food, clothing and other things from the elements and duties of alimony and the types of past, temporary and continuous alimony and the obligation of the husband to spend if he is insolvent or imprisoned and the basis for estimating alimony And how to estimate it, as well as a statement in the event that the wife does not obey her husband and other matters, and a statement of the legal effects of not spending, as well as separation for not spending.
Spousal maintenance is one of the rights that the wife is entitled to, which includes food, clothing, doctor's fees, and others.

This modest research deals with an explanation of one of the important prophetic educational methods (giving a gift) that he, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family and grant them peace, used to spread compassion and affection among people, warm their hearts, and change the behavior of those who are stubborn and opposed to him. The Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family and grant him peace, is a good role model with high morals. He came with a religion. Islam is a religion of brotherhood, affection, compassion, and harmony. The research includes two requirements. In the first requirement, I explained the definition of the gift and the words that are synonymous with it, such as gift and gift, which give the same result and perform the same function, then the types of gifts, as well as the importance of the gift and the prohibition against returning the gift. In the second requirement, I explained the psychological effects of the gift. And the actual application of the Prophet, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, to give gifts and gifts to people, influence their souls and warm their hearts, and then the educational effects of gifts and gifts on those who were stubborn to the Prophet, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, and changing their hostile behavior into lovers and advocates of the true Islamic religion were demonstrated

Iraq included in its social structure many religions, groups and nationalities that coexisted in complete freedom, and the harmony between the sects was due to the fact that Iraq was a country of civilizations and a cradle of religions, as the history of the presence of Jews in Iraq dates back to the Assyrian era and the Akkadian state, and the formation of Iraqi Jews led to the arrival abroad. They preserved their traditions over the years.
The promotion of the Arabic language among members of the Jewish faith played a role in forming a normal Iraqi society in Iraq. Therefore, the national and regional situation of Iraqi Jews developed strongly during the first half of the twentieth century. Daoud Samra initially practiced law and then was appointed a judge of first instance in the Mosul Court of Appeal in October. The first in 1909 and in the Baghdad Court of Appeal in 1910.
Daoud Samrah was known for his patriotism as a judge. He also had the courage that is the trick of a ruler in every time and place when he defended the rights of Iraqis after the demonstrations carried out by students against the British occupation. Daoud Samra had a general cultural council that he held in his home in the Orfali area in Baghdad, in which he discussed topics. Different and varied, such as folklore, history, literature, philosophy, Islamic jurisprudence, and language It was one of the most crowded gatherings, as many intellectuals and people of literature, law, and general culture frequented it.
The legal community in Iraq considered him an important reference in law and the judiciary, with extensive experience and academic wealth. He combined his theoretical knowledge for teaching with the practical side as a brilliant judge, in addition to being distinguished by his judicial and legal philosophy.
In 1932, King Faisal I awarded him the Al-Rafidain Medal, civil type, fourth class, in recognition of his services to the judiciary and teaching.

The French general elections of 1936 will carry France to the left with an sharp rush, and will deal a severe blow to the right-wing parties, and while everyone was looking forward to these elections, and a few weeks before the elections, the two main wings of the trade union movement in France were united, namely the “Union of Labor” This had a far-reaching effect on the success of the Popular Front. The Popular Front consisted of ten parties: the Radical Party, the Communist Party, the Socialist Party, the Human Rights League, the Struggle Movement, and the General Confederation of Unified Action. The General Confederation of Labor, the Committee of Intellectuals against Fascism, the World Committee against Fascism and War, and the Republican Socialist Union, and the left parties turned to a movement of radical reforms in order to satisfy their supporters and remain in the hierarchy of Power in parallel with the right-wing parties, but these reforms were the cause of a general decline at all levels in French infrastructure. And it was the reason for her loss of power and in the short term.

At a time when British naval activity was gradually increasing in the eastern seas in general and through the Red Sea route in particular, France was also playing its role in this field, as French activity increased when King Louis XV took an interest in the year 1741 AD in renewing the treaty that had previously been concluded. Between the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and François I, King of France, in the year 1536 AD, under which France began to claim the right to protect Catholic Christians throughout the Ottoman Empire. Since then, British politicians began to fear the penetration of French influence into the eastern countries of the Ottoman Empire. Britain was afraid France should consider exploiting the shipping route through the Red Sea to threaten British interests in India. The competition between the two countries to control it intensified and this actually continued until 1839 AD when Britain took control of Aden and used it as a base to take care of its vital interests and strengthen its influence in the region by controlling the entrance to this route. The rivalry between Britain and France appeared clear since the middle of the eighteenth century, and the conflict began to intensify between them when each of the two countries began to threaten the interests of the other through the roads leading to India, including the Red Sea Road.

The study of economic relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey includes research into the economic improvements in the period between (1991 – 2002), This study examines the development of economic relations in the field of energy for both the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Turkish Republic, as Azerbaijan was one of the republics. The former Soviet Union, after 1990, declared itself an independent state. As a newly independent state, Azerbaijan had economic relations with Turkey of enormous capacity, and today these relations still continue.
The event that shaped Azerbaijan's perception of Turkey was Turkey being the first country to recognize Azerbaijan and the policy it followed in the Karabakh conflict. Turkey aims to secure new energy supplies and become a transit country to deliver energy resources from the Caspian Sea region to Europe‏.‏

Damascus has kept pace with time as the oldest city in the world and one of its ancient capitals, and countries and civilizations have been succeeding it, each leaving indelible evidence and traces. In 1516 AD, it entered the possession of the Ottomans, and remained so until the end of World War I (except during the rule of Muhammad Ali 1833-1840 AD) and became the center of a state that often extended from the borders of Egypt to the borders of Aleppo

The research seeks to study the development of land and sea navigation systems by tracking them historically, starting with interest in the stars and visible signs on the coasts and determining wind directions to learn human navigation methods in the ancient era, all the way to tracking ship locations with satellites and modern technologies in the current era. The study focuses To clarify the impact of land and sea navigation in the field of water and land transport, while highlighting the most important tools used in the navigation system, ancient and modern, The study concluded that the present era has witnessed a tremendous development in navigation as a result of the development of modern technology and means of communication and automatic monitoring of any area, whether on land or at sea, with the possibility of automatic guidance, programming and vision in various circumstances, especially since the development of GNSS technology has led to a significant increase in Satellite navigation capabilities and accuracy, and these systems have become essential tools for a wide range of applications, including transportation, surveying, and others.

The research aims to employ artificial intelligence techniques in
determining the optimal methods for digital classification of clouds
entering Iraq. The study was adopted to determine the best
classification of clouds into a number of types of digital classifications,
including (Supervised , and non supervisedhybrid, fuzzy, fuzzy neural
networks, and Python classification). All types of classifications on
Metosat satellite data, within multispectral fields, and using a set of
software for smart systems represented by programs for remote sensing
techniques such as Erdas Imagine V2015, Envi, MAT LAP, Arc GIS
Map V.10.3), in addition to analysis and interpretation. Classifying
available satellite visualizations of clouds and linking them to climate
analysis of ground station data by building an information base within
smart systems programs. The study relied on rain data from ground
stations within the of Iraq, in addition to satellite data from the Metosat
satellite within the visible, thermal, and water vapor package, as both
were linked. The data is combined into explanatory tables after linking
the spectral characteristics of each band to the color intensity, purity,
and reflectivity values, in order to interpret and analyze the results in a

Studying the mechanism of deriving digital maps from satellite visuals is one of the important modern methods in building and designing digital maps, which is aimed at studying the derivation of the reduced digital map from satellite visuals from modern methods in geographic techniques and benefiting from them in geographical planning, which in turn works on decision-making through Building a geographical database and extracting information from satellite visuals, where many methods were used in the process of generalization and cartographic reduction, including (Aggregate - clean boundary - Majority Filter), as well as the use of statistical testing methods, which are (Map Algebra method) and Morans spatial analysis method. Local Morans) in testing the accuracy of cartographic generalization according to different scales for the maps produced. The process of automatic generalization was carried out based on different scales in the generalization process, which are 50000/1, scale 25000/1, and scale 100000/1, and applying the equation for the process of automatic generalization and showing the most appropriate scales for conducting Generalization and downsampling process for pixels derived from space visuals.

The study of the El Niño phenomena is a crucial aspect of climate research because of its significant influence on extensive regions of the Earth's surface, regardless of whether its effects are detrimental or beneficial. The gasosphere's purpose is to rectify the imbalance in precipitation across vast regions of the Earth's surface. This phenomenon takes place in the middle of the ocean. The Pacific region, located between the western and eastern coasts of the Pacific Ocean, is adjacent to the equator. This study focuses on a specific geographical topic within the field of comprehensive climate research, and it contributes to the understanding of climate studies in this area. The study conducted a scientific investigation of the phenomenon's characteristics, spatial distribution, and its influence on the precipitation levels in Kirkuk city.
The study utilized a descriptive analytical approach to describe and analyze the data. The quantitative approach was adopted, using the Excel program to analyze the data for the study station. Additionally, a graphical representation was created to illustrate the relationship between normal years and El Niño years in terms of the study's duration and the amount of rainfall in Kirkuk. The study concluded that there is no direct or indirect correlation. The El Niño phenomenon has an indirect impact on the precipitation levels in Kirkuk.

The objective of the research is to reveal (the use of the Round Robin strategy and its impact on the academic achievement of eighth-grade female students in the subject of social studies/history)
In order to achieve the research objective, the researcher put the following hypothesis:
There are statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the mean scores of the control group in the post-test of academic achievement.
In order to achieve the research hypotheses, the researcher followed the procedures of the experimental method, With partial control, the researcher identified the research sample from the eighth grade students in the Rangin Basic School for Girls affiliated to the Directorate of Education Centre/ Erbil, which amounted to (45) students, with (24) students representing the experimental group, and (21) students representing the control group.
The researcher rewarded the two groups for researching the following variables (chronological age, the equation of their grades for the previous year, intelligence, the test of pre-critical thinking, and the achievement of parents).
The researcher applied the critical thinking test and used the following statistical methods: (choosing the T for two independent samples, the difficulty and discrimination equation, Kuder-Richardson 20, Cohen's equation, Eta square equation) and the results showed that the experimental group did outperform the control group, and at the end of the study it was Presentation of a set of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to identify "the impact of the similarity strategy in the acquisition of Islamic concepts among fifth grade students and the development of their saber thinking", and to achieve the research objective, the researcher followed the experimental method with two experimental and control groups with a pre-and post-test.the research sample amounted to (73) students distributed over two divisions, Division (A), the control group studying using the developed lecture method, reached (38) students, and Division (B), studying according to the similarity strategy, reached (35) students.
The researcher prepared (18) teaching plans for both groups, and they were presented to a number of experts and specialists to ensure their validity and suitability to the research sample.
The researcher also prepared a test for acquiring Islamic concepts, consisting of (30) multiple-choice items, including (10) essay questions, and its validity and reliability were confirmed.
He also prepared a scale to measure probing thinking, consisting of (24) items, and it was presented to experts and specialists to determine its validity.
For the purpose of arriving at the results, the researcher used a number of statistical methods, including: (T-test for two independent samples and two correlated samples, Cronbach’s alpha equation, and using false alternatives. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in every concept acquisition test and the probing thinking scale. The researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to identify the level of guidance needs and self-efficacy among fifth-grade middle school students in Kirkuk Governorate according to the variables of original schools and schools of displaced people coming from other governorates due to security and social instability. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared two scales, one of them: the first for guidance needs and the second for self-efficacy. After extracting the validity, reliability and discriminatory ability of the two scales, they were applied to the research sample that was randomly selected from middle schools in Kirkuk Governorate (original schools - schools for displaced persons), which numbered (400) students, distributed among (8) schools, (4) original schools, and (4) displaced schools. After applying the two standards to the research sample, statistical methods were used (relative weight, t-value for one sample and for two independent samples, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient). . The research reached the following results:
1- Preparatory school students, in general, have more needs in the psychological and scholastic fields than their needs in other fields, according to their answers to the counseling needs scale.
2- Students from schools for displaced persons are more in need in the psychological and scholastic fields than school students.
3- Middle school students in general have a good level of self-efficacy. 4- Students in displaced schools are characterized by greater self-efficacy than students in original schools.
In light of these results, the researcher recommends a number of recommendations and conducts some future studies.

The goal of the research is to identify (the effect of the Iyas model on the acquisition of concepts in the subject of European history among students of the fifth literary grade in Kirkuk Governorate). To verify this, the researcher chose an experimental design with partial control, and the choice was intentional in Al-Sayyab Preparatory School for Boys, Kirkuk Governorate Center, to be a sample for the research because The researcher is a teacher in it, as the number of its students reached (56) students, with (28) students in both the experimental and control groups. The researcher also conducted parity between the students of the two research groups in many variables, namely (chronological age calculated in months, grades in the history subject in the first semester test for the previous academic year, 2021-2022, intelligence test, previous information test, and parents’ academic achievement, and after determining the scientific subject, represented by the three semesters. The last of the modern and contemporary European history textbook for the fifth literary grade, which was approved by the Iraqi Ministry of Education for the academic year 2021-2022. The researcher identified (15) historical concepts and (45) behavioral objectives for the last three chapters of the prescribed curriculum. The researcher prepared plans for teaching the two research groups, and presented some models to a group of experts and specialists in teaching methods, measurement, evaluation, psychology, and history. The researcher prepared a which students acquired historical concepts and the objectivity of the concepts after verifying their psychometric properties.
The test consists of a multiple-choice type test, and the researcher confirmed its veracity by presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators.
Its reliability was verified by applying it to an initial exploratory sample of students at Ibn Khaldoun Middle School for Boys in the center of Kirkuk Nahariya Governorate.
In processing the data, the researcher used statistical methods first: the t-test for two independent samples, the t-test for two correlated samples, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the difficulty coefficient, and the discrimination coefficient.
The researcher taught the two research groups himself during the experiment period, which lasted from Tuesday, corresponding to February 22, 2022, and ended on Tuesday, corresponding to March 15, 2022. End of the experiment, the researcher applied the concept acquisition test to the students of the two research groups, and after three weeks had passed, the researcher applied the test again to The two research groups measured the extent of retention of concepts among students. The study reached the following results: 1- There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the Iyas model and the average scores of the control group students who study in the usual way in the results of the post-test for acquiring historical concepts, in favor of the experimental group.
1- There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who are studying the subject of Modern and Contemporary European History according to the Iyas model and the average scores of the control group students who are studying the same subject in the usual way in retaining historical concepts, in favor of the experimental group.
In light of this, the researcher developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals
 Including adopting the Eyas model in teaching history.
 The researcher recommended the necessity of following modern methods and strategies in teaching, especially the subject of history.
 The researcher proposed several proposals, including conducting a study similar to the current study that deals with the Iyas model at different educational levels.

The aim of the current research is to study the effect of the flipped learning strategy on the achievement of first-year intermediate school students in social studies, for the academic year 2022-2023. The study sample consisted of two experimental groups, the number of which was (30) female students, and a control group, the number of which was (30) female students. The researcher used the achievement test as a tool. The current study consists of (40) test items, (30) substantive items, and (10) essay items. The results of the study were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods through the (Spss) program. The results of the research showed that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the students of the experimental group who studied according to Reflective learning strategy in the achievement test.

The aim of the research is to identify the teaching of Arabic grammar according to the (PECS) strategy and its impact on the achievement of second grade intermediate students. The research sample consisted of students of the second intermediate grade in (Al-Qaswa High School), in the city of Kirkuk, during the second semester of the academic year (2022-2023). The number is (55) students. The experimental group (28) students from Division (A) studied according to the PECS strategy, and the control group (27) students from Division (B) studied in the usual way.
The researcher adopted the experimental method, and rewarded students with variables: (such as chronological age, Arabic language score for the past year, last year’s average, and IQ). A test was built to measure the level of students’ achievement in the Arabic language subject. The tool consisted of (40) test items presented to a number of arbitrators in the field of educational and psychological sciences, Arabic language and its teaching methods. The test was characterized by psychometric characteristics. After preparing the plans and the tool, the experiment was carried out in the second semester of the academic year (2022-2023) On Sunday (20/2/2023) until Thursday (27/4/2023), after the completion of the experiment, the tool was applied to sample, and after collecting the data and then analyzing it statistically results revealed the superiority of the students of experimental group over students of control group in the achievement test, and researcher made conclusions, recommendations and proposals related to the results of research. Keywords: strategy, achievement, teaching, test, measurement, teaching.

This research is title ( The Roles of Imagination in Bakhtiar Alis Novls)Its an attempt to show The roles of imagination of all three novels(Spinning writr and imagination gardens, Daniels clouds,Invading darkness), In Terms of literary in veuntion and convincing the reader of novel text, Such as two genders,the most important roles of imagination in literary invention and convincing the reader of novel text, at the same dimensions and the pleasure of novel text.

The Mawlid al-Nabi system is a type of literary form among Islamic nations, especially in the past centuries, and it has a major role in commemorating the Prophet’s biography. This study is about comparative literature, which presents the influence and influence of the Mawlid al-Nabi system in the Turkish language. It was published in the late 19th century in Diyarbakir by the poet Ibrahim Raafat of Diyarbakri, and this poetic system influenced the residents of the city of Erbil in Iraq. It had a great influence, as the scholar, poet, and judge Rashad Al-Mufti Effendi wrote (1915-1992) in Erbil, who wrote the Mawlid al-Nabawi system in the Sorani dialect and was greatly influenced by the Diyarbakri system. This study attempted to demonstrate the impact at the level of form, content, and writing style.

This research works on alienation in the book (Now the Girl is My Homeland) by Sherko Bekes, and from this perspective the concept of alienation is presented and defined, with different viewpoints on alienation. In order to present the goal that is presented in the kind of alienation from Sherko Bekas himself, the alienation in this study is to present the reasons that made him a patriotic, nationalist, revolutionary poet ... etc. After the victory of the revolution and his return from abroad, he became a stranger to the homeland, while He spent many years serving the country, the revolution, and exile, but he did not feel alienated from the homeland until the victory of the revolution and his return from abroad. He hoped to serve the country, but at the beginning of his return and his life in Sulaymaniyah, his views were reflected on the outcome of the revolution, so it suffers from alienation, due to its lack of fulfillment. With slogans of revolution, struggle, ideas and others. Diwan (now the girl is my homeland) is proof of these facts.
This research consists of two parts: the first part deals with the concept and definition of alienation and alienation from different angles, with the definition of the poet's alienation from two directions (the poet's alienation from himself, the self's alienation from the environment).
As for the second part, it deals with the phenomena of self-alienation in the poet's poems, such as loss of control, inability to measure, loss of meaning, social isolation, alienation of principle, alienation of fate).
Keywords: alienation, poet, self, spirit, principle

There is no doubt that the image has an essential place in the poetic structure, and the poetic image is the source on which the poet relies in expressing his poetic experience. It is also one of the elements of forming the poetic text, and it is an important aspect of creativity in any Kurdish poetic text, because it shows the imagination and thoughts of the poet.
In our research, which is entitled (Sensory and Rhetorical Image in Nari’s Poems), we attempt to study the details of the formation of the poet’s poetic image, which is an analytical and descriptive study.
The research consists of two chapters. The first chapter defines the concept, definition, and importance of the poetic image and its most important components in Nari’s poems, The second chapter was devoted to studying the types of poetic images in the poet’s poems, both sensory and rhetorical, The most important point we have reached is that the poet Nari embraced all types of sensual and rhetorical images in his poetry.

Of course, every literary text is born under several internal and external influences and
transitions from these internal and external dimensions, so the mind is the closest and most influential
dimension on the construction of any text Research on the psychological aspects of any poetic text is
directly related to the psychology of the poet Psychological science and its relationship to literature,
Then, according to the psychological method of work, the texts were separated into several
psychological dimensions (optimism, depression, pessimism, sadism, ....) and then interpreted, which
on the one hand express the situation of the poet The reader, therefore, the mind is an integral part of
the process of poetry composition and poetic words and sentences embody a true and spiritual picture
of the mind.

Colors encompass the soul, mind, body, and nature of man in various spheres of life, philosophy and psychology, natural sciences, mythology, folk culture, literature, art and religion, each according to his own merits, more or less with various manifestations of proof and exclusion of color. Each of them is a special physical and spiritual influence, which man has been influenced by the colors around him since many days until now, and in the last hundred years the effects have doubled and in all the elements of our spiritual life have been deteriorated.