LARK JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY , LINGUISTICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

English Language learning and teaching require the mastery of a set of skills from which the four main skills , namely ; listening , speaking , reading and writing .Each one of these four skills has a set of sub-skills which are referred to as micro (minor ) skills and macro(major) skills . Knowledge of these sub-skills is necessary for EFL teachers since the process of teaching and testing English isn’t carried out without having knowledge of these skills .They are thought as indispensible part of the process of English language teaching through which the teachers can set objectives , analyze the lesson , set tests , assign the required time for each activity , etc. To find out the Iraqi EFL language teachers' awareness and use of micro and macro- skills, an interview and a questionnaire are made to which a sample of Iraqi EFL teachers are exposed . The obtained results show that Iraqi EFL teachers are unaware of the micro and macro skills and almost they don’t use them in teaching .

The phenomenon of violence - in different forms - in our Arab societies has a significant space, so that it has stuck in the general consciousness mind of the Arab self in a way contributed to its emergence in many artistic and non-technical creations, there is no doubt that the political turmoil and wars in the Arab region have a clear effect in the formation That, and its effects on the transparent imagination of the child can be developed and formed as planned it , As well as the attrition of all of this in the early days of the days as behaviors or self-motivation directed towards specific destinations, and thus the Arab novel grown up with its technical features that possess the ability to absorb the experience - like any artistic product that reflects to that's stage (childhood of the assassinate) and its forming in the narrative text In a way that is closer to its actual manifestations and interactions. Childhood is not just an age-old stage in which the personality passes through, but a repository of memories that it draws from time to time. For this reason, the personal retrieval to that stage was free of some exaggeration and exaggeration. It was the reality recovered by its painful and joyous parts, the path of self-discovery in some form, and the proof of its instantaneous alienation in that reality, in which disappointments, wars and coincidences formed the most prominent features.

The research aim to debate the living and economical standards for scholars in the Mamalik period in the light of showing the importance of work to them , and the nature of jobs that fist in to their positions .jobs practiced by scholars varied and included the field of trade whether in books as well as buying and selling , some specialized industry and sewing etc. other group of scholars and scientists worked in government official posts weather religious like judicial , Hesba and endowments etc. even worked within ministries and spectating assets house and secretary . Throughout these jobs and occupations filled we can show the living standard for these scholars knowing that the standard wasn’t quite steady at a certain level since its once reached high levels and other times degraded due to the nature of professions itself and the effect of economic situation upon it .

that the Jews played a role in the history of Iraq in all areas especially their active role in the field of economic capabilities, the Jews did not leave the door of economic activity, and not the way, after the stability of political situation in the nineteenth century and after the assumption of Medhat Pasha Iraq in 1869 and the expansion of the role of Basra commercial port Important After the opening of the Suez Canal and the change of commercial transport routes, Jewish economic activity expanded after the British forces in Iraq in World War I, 1914-1918, and the need for the British military and its forces in Iraq to suppliers of food and buyers of equipment and military equipment
After the establishment of the Iraqi state in 1921, it helped to increase their experience in this field and their trade relations in the field of import and export with companies. The Jews worked in many fields including handicrafts, exchange, soap, olives, sweets, wine and trade.

The Role of President Ulysses S. grant in Addressing the Long Depression Crisis (1873-1877)
Abstract:
The character of Ulysses Ace emerged. During the civil war, he was one of the most important leaders who achieved victory over the south and maintained the unity of the country, So when the war ended and the political and reconstruction phase began, the American people found in grant the only person who could maintain victory and go beyond the post-civil war with all its complexity, Especially the political and social ones, so they elected him president for two consecutive sessions (1869-1877), which is rarely enjoyed by US presidents, and indeed represented the presidential stage of the man of controversy among the number of the best departments in the country, And some of them considered it the worst for many reasons we mentioned during the research, perhaps from what the country experienced, historically known as the long recession, a critical stage in American history, during which the US economy has deteriorated significantly left its impact on various aspects of life in the country, especially political ones, These papers examine the causes of this crisis and the role of President grant in dealing with them in the hope that we understand the nature of the measures taken by the man in dealing with the crises experienced by the country under his administration, and we conclude a set of convictions that we mentioned in an independent conclusion.

The study, entitled "The United States Position on the Mexican Civil War 1913-1915", was chosen in 1913 because it was the year in which Mexico saw a military coup against the rule of a constitutional president elected by one of his generals, dragging Mexico into a civil war that threatened to increase internal tensions in it. On the eve of the inauguration of Democratic President Woodrow Wilson for his presidential post, which since his inauguration began to adopt a policy of idealism rejected by the United States, vinegar her recognition of the coup government, which contributed to the aggravation of events badly in Mexico. The situation in Mexico did not calm down until Washington de facto recognized and formally supported the revolutionary government in Mexico in 1915, which is why we chose the end of the research period.
Mexico's proximity to the United States, the length of the border between the two countries and the size of its large economic interests have given it extraordinary importance to the United States. The developments and internal instability in Mexico after 1910 have had a negative impact on the lives, property and commercial interests of Mexico. General Huerta's coup against President Madru's government and his assassination with his deputy by Huerta's forces in 1913 coincided with the inauguration of liberal capitalist and pro-democratic president Woodrow Wilson, who opposed the dictatorship in general and Huerta's rule in particular, Not to recognize Huerta's government because, according to his own personal criteria, does not conform to legal, constitutional and moral principles, which gave Wilson the opportunity to interfere in Mexican internal affairs and negatively affect its internal developments.
Wilson's failure to recognize the Huerta government gave the latter the opportunity to impose its control over Mexico's internal affairs and to contain armed rebellions that spread throughout Mexico against his rule, creating chaos and instability, especially after Wilson's support of opponents of Huerta's regime recognized them as an official revolutionary front, By lifting the arms embargo and imposing it on the Huerta government, prolonging the conflict and increasing the loss of life and property in Mexico.
Wilson's policy during his early years was exemplary and unrealistic when he saw that the problems in Mexico could have been resolved by demanding a new constitution and free elections and the removal of Huerta from office. However, after 1915 the damage caused by the Mexican civil war to the people And for the many appeals by many parties in the United States to intervene and end the crisis, Wilson took a more realistic policy of attribution, support and recognition of the Karenza government, which showed that it has no plans to hold legislative and presidential elections at present until it exercises full control over all parts of the country. Wilson stressed his position that Mexico at the time needed a strong executive authority to restore stability and get rid of the anarchy that it suffered.
Wilson's policy toward Mexico, whose main focus was to promote the establishment of a democratic, constitutional government that commits itself to its Charter with the Mexican people, remains the model that successive US administrations have taken to invoke the affairs of economically and politically weak countries to achieve their own ends.

The current study sheds light on the geostrategic and geo-economic importance of the Strait of Malacca. It helps reduce conflicts among riparian states in terms of the security of the passage of regional and international goods. The study involved temporal and spatial dimensions when discussing the strait in question. The researcher followed two scientific approaches, namely the historical and the descriptive geographical approaches. The study reflected these two approaches by dividing the current study into three axes: the first axis dealt with the historical and geographic factors of the site of the Strait. As to the second axis, it was concerned with the security of the passage of goods and the competition of some regional and international forces on the strait. Concerning the third axis, it explained the geo-strategic and geo-economic importance of the Strait. The study finally concluded-but was not limited to- the following: First, the United States is the only force to control the Strait of Malacca, especially if it was fully supportedby allies from the regional countries surrounding that Strait, such as: Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and the Japan, or any other countries in the region. Second, the Strait of Malacca is the first point of engagement in the growing strategic rivalry between China and the United States from one hand, and between its allies in East Asia on the other hand

The current research aims at knowing the impact of the (the technique of coping with life in reducing unemployment anxiety of youth) through testing the following research hypotheses:
1- There no statistically significant differences in the scores of unemployment anxiety (the controlled group) in the pre and post-tests.
2- There no statistically significant differences in the scores of unemployment anxiety (the experimental group) in the pre and post-tests.
3- There no statistically significant differences in the scores of unemployment anxiety (the controlled and experimental groups) after administering the program in the post –test.
In order to know the unemployment anxiety in youth, the researcher has prepared a scale according to the behavioral cognitive trend. The final form of the scale consists of (24) items distributed on three components: 1-thinking and mental engagement, 2- the mood state (tension, nervousness and fears) and 3-the bodily aspects. In correction, the items are given (1, 2, 3) where the theoretical means is (48) and the higher score is (72) and the lowest is (24). The scale is exposed to a number of experts specialized in educational and psychological sciences.
Accordingly, the researcher the experimental design of (two groups, one experimental and the other is the controlled group) with a pre and post –tests. The program is presented for the experimental group in a specific time and then the post-test is given for the two groups, after that, the difference between the two is calculated in the post-test in order to ascertain the effect of the program where the researcher has adopted the behavioral cognitive trend represented by (the technique of coping with life).
After ascertaining the validity of the scale, the researcher has conducted the procedure of ascertaining the reliability coefficient of the scale by using two ways, namely, test and re-test, where it is (0,85).
In order to construct the counseling program with its two styles, it is administered on a sample consists of (100) young men in order to know those who suffer from unemployment anxiety, the counseling sessions are (14), exposed on a number of experts. The researcher has used the statistical package (SPSS).
In the light of results, the researcher has put forward a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Summary :
Methods of dealing with the organizational conflict in the administrative staff in the department of student activities at the University of Karbala
M.M Fallah Abdel - Hassan Yousef Al - Kalabi
M. M Najem Rebeh Najem
It is not expected that there will be a permanent and continuous climate of harmony and harmony among members of the same group, especially in the field of sports work, which requires such cooperation among them, there must be some differences and contradictions that may Sometimes reaching the degree of conflict
The conflict has become a necessity and a necessity among organizations, especially in the administrative and sports fields. Due to the intensity of competition, the characteristics of sports competition and the scarcity of resources, the concept of conflict is crystallized and its importance is about competition and competitive methods and that any sports organization can not survive. Plans well thought out
The descriptive approach was used in the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research.
The researcher concluded that
1 - Method of coercion and bargaining of the most common methods used by the administrative staff training in the Department of student activities at the University of Karbala.
2. The results of the administrative staff showed significant differences from the accepted average of the methods of coercion and bargaining while the rest of the methods (avoidance, confrontation, calm) were insignificant.
3 - Arranging the methods of dealing with the organizational conflict in the administrative staff training for holders of bachelor's degree as follows (forced, bargaining, avoidance, calm, confrontation).

Abstract
I knew the Iraqi culture, a lot of beliefs, rituals and Alhaairalamtwarth about death, and women had their share of this culture, which increased its manifestations broadened in recent years, the increase in the numbers of the dead because of wars and acts of terrorism, in addition to the incidents of ordinary death that left behind millions of widows.
What concerns us in our current study is not the normal sadness of the woman and the expected emotions after her husband's death, but what is happening today is the exaggerations of wives in mourning and grief over their deceased husbands, which raised the researcher's interest and paid to study this phenomenon, through :
1-Verification of the relationship of individual variables (such as age, academic achievement, profession, social background) extremism or moderation wife in mourning and grief on the husband .
2-Discuss the link between the social participation of women in condolence in alleviating the psychological effects of grief and raise the morale of the wife of death.
The study sample consisted of (150) widows from the reviews of the Social Welfare Department and visitors of the Imam Ibn Kadhim shrine in Diwaniyah city during the period from 1/3/2017 to 31/3/2017. The study adopted the method of the social survey using the sample questionnaire using the interview form Honesty and stability and subjected to data for analysis and statistical processing, and resulted in the search for a number of results, perhaps the most important:
1-the presence of extremism in the widows to widen their husbands in a way that affected the psychological, social and economic situation of the sad wife and her family .
2-The wife and mother were the most close relatives of the deceased husband and prolong the mourning period that lasted for years and sometimes throughout life .
3-The study referred to the existence of social upbringing, especially young girls, in rituals and rituals of grief

The German monk (Martin Luther 1483-1549) led the religious reform movement after the publication of his 95th protests in 1517 against the Christian papacy in Rome, exposing its exploitation of the religious feelings of people by trading the sacraments of forgiveness. He established his religious reforms by redefining the essence of the Christian faith, In his time. As a result, the Christian world was divided into two religious denominations: Catholics and Protestants. The thesis of this central research is to demonstrate that Luther's reforms, which emerged from an apparent theological debate, are due to political conflicts in fact, and that the religious reform movement would not have spread to prevail in Europe without the political and national factor.

In spite of that leap of Orientalism, that is, out of the traditional classical research potency to modernity, most orientalists were influenced by the materialistic tendency that prevailed in Europe. They applied the descriptive methodology of the humanities, including the Islamic sciences, and some of their research came wrong, The curriculum and how to apply it, as well as the vast gap between the environment of the applied curriculum and the environment of the subject of study between the orientalist environment and the environment of the Islamic East. �In the face of these distortions and inclinations, in the origin of the curriculum and its applications, a question arises: What are these approaches that Orientalists claim to rely on in their writings? Are they all valid for all research topics? Meaning: Are natural science curricula applicable to human sciences? Is it true that human sciences can subject science and knowledge to the unknown? In other words, is the curriculum consistent with the subject of the study? Therefore, Orientalists used a number of curricula in their studies of Islam, including those that are compatible with the Arab mood, including what is not compatible،

Can you categorize Ciran? We think that the classification of Siuran enters us in an area that leads us only to more labyrinths, and certainly we find ourselves more consistent and consistent with what one researcher says when you read the two columns we find ourselves in front of the formation of the Syuranat, of course there are two belts, but the field of operation and the language of writing must be It gives an impression of a striking Syuran variety, and not the style of chant but an urgent response to the present moment, constantly passing through the presence of Ceylon, which can not be captured in any way. In our humble opinion, this rebellious man presented a disturbing vision of all the current constants, a flood of accusations, gaps and loopholes that fill the space Enugad Na forced into the world infected with vacuum.

Man had recognized religion since the early rise of history. Eastern and Western thinkers had dealt with the criticism of religion, yet religion criticizing in the Arab Islamic education is almost rare. ( Shibly Shemeel) and (Sadiqh Jalal El- Adhim) are of the Arab thinkers who had dealt with religion criticism. This research focuses on the criticism of Sadiqh Jalal El- Adhim in his( Naqhed al-Fiker al-Deany= Criticism of the religious thought) which aroused a great deal of arguments and debates. A series of books and a number of articles and studies had rebutted him. Mohammed Mahdi Shamsul-Deen is one of those who had rebutted him by his(Mutarahat Fi al-Fiker al-Mady wal Fiker al-Deany= Presentations in the Material thought and Relgious Thought).
The question of this research is:- Did the author criticize the religious thought or the religion? Did the criticizer defend the religious thought or the religion? and was their aim cognitive or ideological?
The most important results are:- the author criticized the religion rather than the religious thought as he claimed, the criticizer had confused between the religious thought and religion, and their dealing had a clear ideological trace.
The research includes an introduction, two topics and a conclusion in addition to the bibliography.

Iraq has seen several electoral processes since 2005 and beyond, with many flaws as a result of the recent experience and the legislative deficiency to organize this process in a sound and fair manner. The problematic nature of the study stems from the struggle and heated competition of regional and international countries' agendas in order to influence their outputs in accordance with their interests, The study assumes that with the upcoming Iraqi legislative and local elections of 2018 will start competition and sometimes heated conflict between countries such as The United States, the Russian Federation, Britain and others to secure their interests and implement their agendas in Iraq Through the drawing of a new political map to achieve the interests of each party in the coming period, Including the next phase of frantic conflict in the Middle East region at the regional and international levels, of which Iraq is the focal point.

We have divided our thesis (civil protecation of consumers in electronic contracts –comparative study) into an introducation and two chapters and conclusion .
We have adapted, in this study, the method of comparative analysis by analyzing several legal texts that are found in Arab and foreign legislation in order to know their orientations concerning this subject.
The aim of this study , in the first chapter , is to clariy what rights do the consumer has in the period before doing the contract while, in the first position; who and what kindis the consumer and what are the competent authorities of that, in the second position is the right of giving him a grant of time limit before doing the contract, and in the third position is the commitment of the supplier or advertiser of telling the consumer of the advantages and disadvantages of the commodity.
However, in the second chapter is the way of protecting the consumer during doing the contract being discussed In the first point, we discussed the consumers right of abandon the contract and in the second is the commitment of the seller of ensure of compliance

All the ancient religions retain their own legacies. Religions can not grow and become more complex without the creation of their own legends, and the heritage of a nation or a people devoid of mythology, which in turn occupies a broad place in its thought, The ancient man to search for the origin of things and the beginning of creation and try to understand the secrets of the universe and nature, which in all this has not ceased to believe in ideas and concepts and beliefs of the Supreme. According to the culture, beliefs and the reality of the society, myths were formed. Each society has its own myths. The first thought from which myth originated was important in the study of human thought because it is one of the first attempts in the history of human thought to develop philosophical concepts aimed at finding solutions to the secrets of nature and phenomena. India's religious beliefs and legends are the basis of all social systems. In India, social systems are really only religious systems, and we see the important role that religion has always played in the people of India. The development of religion is an essential element in the division of civilizations. These developments are imperceptible when viewed from century to century, and appear great when viewed in centuries-long roles.
The present study deals with the study of myth and its representations in ancient Indian sculpture.
The research contains four chapters: The first chapter includes a presentation of the problem of research and identified by the following central question:
- Was the legend in ancient Indian sculpture?
- What are the legendary representations of ancient Indian sculptures?
As well as the importance of research and the need for it. The aim of the study is to:
- You know represents the legend in ancient Indian sculpture.
The study identifies the study of ancient Indian statues. The period was determined in India from the eighth century to the thirteenth century AD. The second chapter included the theoretical framework, which included three topics. The first section included the study of the mythology. The second topic (mythology in Ancient Indian Civilizations) was included in terms of thought and philosophy. The third topic (the legendary thought in ancient Indian art) ), The theoretical framework ended with the identification of research indicators, followed by previous studies. The third chapter included the research procedures that dealt with the research society, which included the framework of the study society (20) reserve work. The sample of the study consisted of (4) sculptural works. The chapter dealt with the research methodology, the research tool, and the analysis of the research sample. Chapter IV addressed the main findings and conclusions of the research, as well as the recommendations and proposals. The study concluded with a list of sources, references and annexes.

Abstract The Sabbath chapter is one of the important chapters in the Talmudic book, which deals with the laws and rules necessary to observe the rest day, and the importance of separating the Sabbath and the proverbs that were mentioned in them which varied between religious Significance and preaching and advice and was characterized by short and injury meaning, which is a pure honest reflection that spontaneously reflects of many people's natures. It is known that each people have its own examples, but many find that there are similarities with other people like him. The aim of the study was to high light the similarities and differences between the Talmudie proverbs and Arabic proverbs. The Arab ideal has been in fluenced by the Talmudic ideals in general.

The translations of the Bible (the Bible and the Bible) have historically been turning points within the cultures that it produced - with its linguistic structures of the Greek Septuagint, the Aramaic Targum, the Syriac alphabet, the Latin dialect, etc. The Christian and Jewish communities that benefited from these great works Incorporate the verses of their sacred religious writings into their scientific, ritual, and even general discourse. In other words, written translations constituted the self-identity of Jews and Christians, and allowed them to express the sacred in innovative ways. For many, the goal was not to translate the word text into a word, but rather to translate the text from within the semantic environment and the literal contexts of the target language. This reality is especially true of the Hebrew interpretation of the Hebrew Bible at the turn of the twentieth century. This illuminating research, by adopting the comparative historical approach, will shed light on some of the semantic and lexicological elements in Moses' five books, which the modern scholars did not try to translate and analyze in depth in this sacred text .

he effect of special exercises in the development of the explosive capability of the arms and the accuracy of the skill of sending in tennis to players under (15) years
Khaled Ali Hassoun
Summary
The researcher's problem focused on the observation of the researcher as a former player and currently coach of the tennis game proved that most trainers in the specialized schools do not attach importance to exercises explosive capacity of the players as well as to stay away from the exercise accuracy of the skill of transmission, which reflects the presence of weakness marked by most players in this important skill , And the belief of the researcher scientific research as a means of solving most of the problems, the researcher to prepare special exercises to develop the speed of motor and accuracy of the transmission of tennis players under the age of (15) year The aim of the research to prepare special exercises to develop the explosive capability of the arm N accuracy transmitter for tennis players under the ground (15) years .altaraf on the effect of exercise for the development of the explosive power of arms for tennis players under the ground (15) years. The researcher used the experimental method in designing (the two equal groups with tribal and remote test) in order to suit the
nature of the problem and achieve the research objectives. The sample of the research represented the entire research community. They are the players of the specialized school in the ground tennis under the age of 15 for the training season 2016-2017. The researcher used the method of comprehensive enumeration of all members of the society, and were divided by lot into two groups, the first experimental and the control of each group (7) players. One of the most important conclusions reached by the researcher is the positive effect on the development of the explosive capacity of the arms using the special exercises of the experimental group. A positive effect in the development of the accuracy of the transmission due to the development of the explosive chest of the arms using special exercises for the experimental group.