JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

This study includes the synthesis of the compound 2,3-diphenyl quinoxaline coupling ortho phenylenediamine with benzil which then banded with benzotriazole molecule through methylene bridge using formaldehyde in acidic medium to obtain 6-[(1H-benzotriazol-5-yl)methyl] 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline(1). Compound (1) was reacted with chloroacetophenone in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate to form ketonic compound (2). Reaction of (2) with (4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitro acetophenone) through aldol condensation to obtain an carbonyl compounds (3-5), from which unsaturated ketones (6-8) were prepared and used as precursor for many heterocyclic derivatives such as oxiranes (9-11) when reacted with hydrogen peroxide and undergo mono bromination to compounds (12-14) by bromine in presence of base, and when react with hydrazine hydrate or phenyl hydrazine gave the pyrazoline compounds and their substituted compounds (15-02) and finally with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride gave the isooxazoline compounds (01-02).
The structure of these compounds were identified using physical properties and spectral methods (melting points, color change, infrared, ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra). Bromine tests were used to the detection of the unsaturated Ketones.

This study include the synthesis of the compound 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol [1], from the reaction of ortho pheneylene diamine with lactic acid and then oxidized using potassium dichromate to give1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) ethanone [2]. Reaction of this compound with different substituted benzaldehydes or 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanone, to obtain α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (chalcones) [3-11]. These chalcones have been used in preparing number of heterocyclic compounds through reaction with the hydrogen peroxide to get the oxiran compounds (three membered rings) [12-20], hydroxyl amine hydrochloride to prepare the isooxazoline compounds(five membered rings) [21-29], 3-nitrobenzohydrazide to prepare the pyrazoline compounds(five membered rings)[30-38], thiosemicarbazide hydrochloride to prepare the pyrazoline compounds(five membered rings) [39-47], semicarbazide to prepare the pyrazoline compounds(five membered rings) [48-56], guanidine nitrate to prepare the pyrimidine compounds(six membered rings) [57-65], ortho pheneylenediamine to prepare the benzodiazepine compounds (seven membered rings) [66-74], ortho aminophenol to prepare the benzoxazepine compounds(seven membered rings) [75-83].
The synthesized compounds were identified, using chemical, physical and spectral methods (melting points, color change, infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and many theoretical studies).

In the present work , the ( current- voltage ) characteristics have been studied for MOS type solar cell under the illumination. The cells have been fabrication from four types of silicon substrates with a nano oxide film. However, the effect of SiO2nano thickness on short – circuit current (Isc ) and open circuit voltage (Voc ) have been investigated for these solar cells. The results show that the thickness of SiO2has a significant effect on (Isc ) and (Voc ). The best (I-V) characteristics have been obtained from these cells which based on n- type silicon type polycrystalline with 2nm SiO2thickness. Moreover , the characteristics of (power – voltage ) for the same fabricated solar cells have been studied. The output power value that has been obtained is equal to (4.95 mW) which refers to solar cell based on same as above . Finally , the efficiency and fill factor for these type of solar cells have been estimated. It has been found that the highest values for efficiency and fill factor related to solar cell (silicon type polycrystalline n-type) equal to 7.01 and 0.429 respectively.

Regression analysis is used for the estimation of the pKa values, %analgesic activity (%AA) and % decreasing activity of central nervous system (CNS) depressant property (%DA) of eight substituted imidazolin-5(4H)-ones by using various types of descriptors as parameters. These parameters are based on quantum chemical treatments. They were derived by employing semi-empirical calculations represented by Austin model 1 (AM1). The parameters used for representing the variation observed in the pka values, %AA and %DA are atomic, structural, and molecular properties, including charges on hetro atoms present in the compounds, energies of HOMO (EHOMO) and LUMO (ELUMO)orbitals, hardness of molecules (η) , chemical potential (μ) electrophilicity index (ω), total energy (TE), stretch (Str), bend (Bd), 1,4-Vander Waals interactions (1,4VDW), and Non1,4- Vander Waals interactions (Non 1,4-VDW). The relation of pKa, %AA, and %DA and each of these parameters of the studied compounds is investigated.
Depending on these relations, three sets of parameters were constructed, each of them representing the most sufficiently and reliable set to describe the effect of substituents and structure of imidazolinone under consideration on the studied properties with highly predictive power indicated by high consistency between the calculated and experimental values expressed by correlation coefficient values (R2) close to unity and standard error (SE) less than %5 of the experimental values.
The three sets of parameters were used for the estimation of pKa, %AA and %DA of a number of hypothetical compounds with structures similar to those considered before but with different substituents as a test ofthe validity of the derived parameters. The calculated values were within acceptable range compared with other values found in the literature.

A simple, rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method has been developed for the determination of chlordiazepoxide on tracer extrasil ODS1 (25mm,0.46mm, 5μm) column using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and methanol (30:70 v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 262 nm in 20˚ C. The retention time for chlordiazepoxide was found to be 3.37 min . The linearity of development method was achieved in the range 5-220 μg/ml with average recovery 101.82% and RSD was less than 3.0%. The method was applied successfully to determine chlordiazepoxide in tablet formulation. Statistical analysis proved that the proposed method was both accurate and precise.

A series of some hydrazones derivatives (3-7) have been synthesized from the reaction of hydrazide (2) with substituted benzaldehyde. While oxazridine derivatives (8-12) were synthesized by oxidation with hydrazones derivatives (3-7) with m-chloro per benzoic acid, the of these compounds (8-12) with ammonium thiocyanate afforded compounds (13-17). While the reaction of compound (2) with indole-2,3-dione afforded compound (18) while in reaction with mercaptoacetic acid gave Spiro indoline-2,3-thizolidine derivatives (19) when the compound allowed to react with conc., sulfuric acid and phosphoric pent oxide afford (20) and (21) respectively.

Acetylacetoneazineoxime {AAOH}, acetylacetoneazinebis(oxime) {AABOH2}, benzilsemicarbazone {BScH} and benzilsemicarbazone-hydrazone {BScZH} have been prepared using classical, one pot and microwave heating methods followed by the preparation of new zinc(II) complexes with mixed ligands above using classical and microwave heating (Green Chemistry) methods. The resulting complexes have been characterized using elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy and CHN analysis, relative molecular weight determination cryoscopi-cally, molar conductance measurements, infrared, electronic and 1H NMR spectra. The study suggests that the above ligands form neutral complexes having general formulas [Zn(AH)(BH)(NO3)2] (where AH= AAOH or AABOH2; BH=BScH or BScZH ligands). Accordingly, hexa-coordinated mononuclear complexes have been investigated having distorted octahedral geometries.
The effect of laser have been studied on solid ligands and solid zinc(II) complexes, no effect have been observed on all the compounds through the results of melting point and conductivity, this means that most of the compounds are stable and not affected by this kind of radiation. Also the activity of all the complexes have been evaluated on Tonsillitis from males and Females. They were found to be unactive against this pathogens.

In this article, an optical fiber was designed with zero- dispersion at wavelength of (1.3 m). The design took into consideration many factors of the fiber, such as; fiber cross- section, fiber material, refractive index. These factor can affect the operation of a fiber in optical communication system.
A zero- dispersion fiber was obtained when the core was doped by (1.3%) of GeO2. Implementing the package of computer aided design (OptiFiber 2.0). We were able to attain the optimum values for refractive index core and clad as (1.48 and 1.45) respectively, i.e, a percentage difference of (0.02) for radius (6.728 and 8.46) respectively, for zero- dispersion at wavelength of (1.3 m) that is use in the optical communication.

A new complexes of some transition metal ions (Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II)) and non-transition metal ions (Zn(II),Cd(II)) with a number of Schiff bases obtained from the condensation of some amino acids isoleucine, phenylalanine and alanine with (2-acetylfuran) have been prepared. All the prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis(M), molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility infrared and electronic spectral. The complexes were classified as:
A-mononuclear complexes.
1-Complexes with the formulas [ML(CH3COO) (H2O)2].
2- Complexes with the formulas [ML(CH3COO) ] H2O.
B-Homo dinuclear complexes.
Complexes with the formulas [M2(L)2(CH3COO)2] .2H2O.
M= Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II)Cd(II).
L= 2-Acetyl furan isoleucine imine, 2-Acetyl furan phenylalanine imine and 2-Acetyl furan alanine imine.
The physical measurements showed that the prepared complexes have a tetra coordinated (tetrahedral) and hexa-coordinated (octahedral) structure and that all the prepared complexes were non electrolyte.

Photo-mosaic (mosaic-image) generation is the process of dividing an input image into equal rectangular blocks (image blocks), each of which is replaced with another image (tile image) that matches the features of a corresponding image block. When the produced photo mosaic is seen from a distance, it seemingly forms the input image.
Photo mosaic is not a new concept; however, only a few publications on this subject are available because of its commercial nature. The quality of the produced photo mosaic depends on the size of the database and the variety of images. In addition to process time, a bottleneck occurs because of the discrepancy in the match rate between the input image and the produced photo mosaic.
This research proposes three intelligence-based approaches for producing photo mosaics in less time: (1) k-means clustering with Manhattan distance, (2) back propagation neural network with Manhattan distance, and (3) hybrid fuzzy logic with Elman neural network.
Three groups of features are extracted and then used to find the best matching tile image for each corresponding image block within the container image. The first group comprises statistical features extracted from a 64-gray level quantized histogram. These features are variance, mean, skewness, kurtosis, and energy. The second group is a subset of Tamura features, namely, coarseness, contrast, and directionality. The last group includes a feature called edge rate, which is computed as the percentage of edge pixels within an image that can be detected using a Canny filter. In addition, two methods of color correction are used to adjust the colors of a tile image to match the colors of a corresponding image block. The first method is based on mean, whereas the second is based on histogram specification.
Finally, experimental results show that hybrid fuzzy logic with Elman neural network is the best among the three approaches used. This technique needs 10.0 seconds to produce photo mosaics, with a correlation rate of 0.82 between the container image and the produced photo mosaics,container image and the produced photo mosaics,71
using mean-based color correction. By contrast, this approach needs 42.33 seconds to produce photo mosaics, with a correlation rate of 0.86, using histogram specification-based color correction.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of wastewater running through Al-Kharrazie, a seasonal rain water valley in Mosul city which considered now as a sewerage channel discharging their influents into Tigris river at Al-Ghabat region.
Physical, chemical and biological testes were run to evaluate its discharges quality, the results revealed high pollution loads, reflects by BOD5 ، TDS ، PO4 and NO3 which reached to (120,572,2.352 and2.319) mg\L respectively. Also, it shows that high total plate count TPC, F.coliformaandBEsherishiaBcolirreaching(1071*105cell\ml,110*105and110*105cell\100ml)respectively.Phytoremediation was going on passing through the valley to certain extent, reflected by the drop in the main pollutant parameters of BOD5, PO4, NO3,TPC,F.coliform and E. coli by (57, 19, 11, 89, 93, 93)%Grespectively.

In this paper , a new four-dimensions hyperchaotic system is
proposes based on a three-dimensional Pan system by introducing a
nonlinear state feedback controller, and we investigated some basic
properties for this system numerically and analytically, we found the
parameter c is effective on stability of new system at the point
O(0,0,0,0) and has two roots form  b  d 1 2  ,  while has root 0 1   at
the points 1,2 p , and we compare the properties of a new system with
properties of another 4D hyperchaotic system and show the difference
between them, Finally, an illustrative example is given.

In this paper, we investigate some properties of nonlinear
integral operators of mixed type of integral equations with kernels
depending on two variables. The results concerning the continuity and
compactness of these operators are obtained.

The purpose of this paper is using a class of open sets called i-open
sets [9] to study some classes of separating axioms spaces for open,  -open
and semi-open sets. Further, we studied the relations between such spaces.

The following open problem stated that, if T: A⟶B is a dense range homomorphism between Banach algebras A and B such that B is semi-simple. Is T automatically continuous? (see [1]).
In [3] given a partial solution of the above problem as follows:
Let A and B be Fréchet algebras such that B is semi simple, the spectral radius rB is continuous on B and the spectral radius rA is continuous at zero. If T : A ⟶ B is a dense range homomorphism, then T is automatically continuous.
In this paper, we prove the following result :
If T : A+ ⟶ B+ is a dense range homomorphism between Jordan – Banach algebras A+ and B+ such that B+ is semi simple, the spectral radius rB+ is continuous on B+ and the spectral rA+ is continuous at zero, then T is automatically continuous.

In this paper, topological ig-Homeomorphisms and topological gi-Homeomorphisms are introduced. Further, the relations between these two classes and some other classes of Homeomorphisms are investigated.

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution of a nonlinear mixed Volterra – Fredholm integro-differential equation with nonlocal condition in Banach space. Furthermore, we study continuouce dependence of mild solution. Our analysis is based on semigroup theory and Banach fixed point theorem.