Al-Bahith Journal

Abstract:
The research aims to identify the problem of unemployment and what are its effects in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, as well as ways to address these negative effects in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate and reduce these effects, whether social, political or economic. The research concluded that economic policies left social, economic and political effects, which are An extension of previous policies, which were characterized by wrong policies in the face of these dangerous effects, in addition to the wars that the country has been exposed to recently and the spread of financial and administrative corruption, as well as the high rate of population growth. All of these effects had a role in the emergence and spread of the phenomenon of unemployment in Iraq in general and in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate in particular. And the loss of the country’s wealth, in addition to mismanagement, as the unemployment rate remained high due to the state’s neglect of the private sector and lack of interest in the agricultural sector, as well as neglect of state scheduling and government policies for large and small industrial projects and failure to give loans to the working classes to establish their projects, as well as lack of interest in the outcomes of education and neglect of graduates, which led to... To the high unemployment rates in the governorate.

Abstract

The study of encyclopedias represented a rich source of information, especially historical ones, while their authors were distinguished by distinctive research and organizational capabilities that enabled them to accomplish these great works. Among those encyclopedias specialized in biographies of men, some of them included historical topics that occupied researchers and tempted them to study them, including the book “Mustadrakat Notables of Shiites” by Mr. Hassan bin Mohsen Al-Amin Al-Amili, This book came as a follow-up to his father’s book titled “Shiite Notables,” which its author called “Mustadrakat Shiite Notables.” It came in eleven volumes, of which nine were large volumes and two were medium volumes.
The nature of this encyclopedia and the biographies it contained that were specific to Shiite notables by its author represented a motivation for the researcher to study the life of its author and his style in historical writing. Our study was divided into three sections, the first of which was to trace the life of the author and his upbringing, while the second section discussed the presentation of historical material and writing style, and the third came to Explaining the ways to infer the Shiism of Al-Mustadrakat figures and the characteristics of the historian.
Evidence words (Hassan Al-Amin - Mustaqdarat of Shiite Notables).

Research Abstract
This study aims to examine:
1. Symbolic self-completion among university students.
2. The statistical differences in symbolic self-completion based on gender (male-female) and field of study (humanities-sciences).
To achieve these objectives, the researchers adopted the Al-Obaidi Scale (2021), which initially comprises 25 items with five response options each. After confirming face validity and item relevance through a review by 25 experts in educational sciences, psychology, and mental health, all items were retained.For extracting the psychometric properties of the scale, the researchers administered it to a sample of 400 students. Upon completion, the researchers determined validity using two methods:
1. Internal consistency.
2. Discriminative power (extreme groups method). No items were removed from the scale.
Reliability was assessed by the researchers using two methods:
1. Test-retest reliability: Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, resulting in a reliability coefficient of 0.879 for the symbolic self-completion scale, indicating high reliability.
2. Cronbach's alpha: This method yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.93 for the symbolic self-completion scale, which is considered very good according to measurement and evaluation standards. After establishing the validity and reliability of the scale, the researchers applied it to their study sample. Data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS ver.26), leading to the following results:
1. University students exhibit a moderate level of symbolic self-completion, close to the hypothetical mean.
2. There are no statistically significant differences in symbolic self-completion among university students based on gender (male-female) and field of study (humanities-sciences).

Abstract
Despair represents one of the variables affecting human behavior from the perspective of personality psychology, and it has a significant impact on issues of mental health, compatibility, and the individual's relationships with others. Therefore, higher research aims to:
Measuring despair among sixth grade students. To achieve the goal of this research, the researcher relied on Bashir's despair scale (Maamariya, 2007), which consisted in its final form after the completion of the research conditions, honesty and constancy of (28) items. For the academic year 2022-2023.
Then the data was analyzed using appropriate statistical messages and the results were as follows:
1- There is a high degree of despair among the sixth preparatory grade students.
2-Students' despair rises to the level of statistical significance.

Summary of the research in the English language
Al-Farabi built his political system on the individual and his goals. He referred the task of determining the form of the state and the type of political system based in it to (the individual’s aspirations, behavior, and powers that he uses to determine these goals), his upbringing, his morals, and his goals are what determine the form of the state according to Al-Farabi. If his morals, upbringing, and goals are virtuous, he begins. The foundation is formed to achieve the virtuous society or the founding nucleus of the state, and this individual can be a model for establishing the virtuous family (virtuous housing), so that the journey of the small community (family) begins towards the virtuous political society, which is considered the foundation of the political structure in the virtuous state.
These families resulting from the union of groups of individuals represent the foundation that Al-Farabi assumed for the state, endowed with upbringing, morals, and goals directed toward achieving perfection and true happiness. Together, they constitute the first nucleus of a virtuous society. He called it the imperfect society. He does not mean here by imperfection the opposite of perfection, but rather by those inharmonious societies. With the form of the general system in terms of profession, character, geography, or family system, and more precisely, it is the human gatherings that take a smaller form than the city or the globe (such as the combination of the home, the locality, the village, or the profession), which Al-Farabi is counting on to produce a head of state whose location is the location of the heart in relation to the body. So that the president becomes able to call on society to form the political system that he calls. (the virtuous state)
When the individual and society begin to strive towards perfections and complete goals, desiring to achieve the utmost happiness, the most important of which is its beginning (the one integrated political meeting, which is considered the most important social goal), since it makes society (a group of individuals), they begin the journey of achieving their basic perfections and their necessary needs for food, drink, shelter, and protection on the basis of Virtue, perfection, and justice. In this way, the morals of the individual and society and their goals are what determine the type of society and the form of the existing political system. In this way, the individual, his goals, needs, and the method of achieving maximum happiness are the deciding factor in determining the features of the state. Is it a state of virtues and perfections, or is it merely a maker of cycles and counter-products, and cycles and counter-products are all actions and behaviors? Individualism and association that hinder complete perfection, for example, vices and reprehensible qualities that make the thinking of a person, society, or head of state think in a way that is lacking in worldly pleasures such as food, drink, and sex. It is believed that these goals and similar ones, such as dominance, dignity, and others, are considered to be higher goals, and in this way they are the goals of individuals. It is the groups that rise in the concept of the state, and they are the ones that degrade it. Therefore, the individual and his goals and perfections are considered one of the components of the state and an important reason for its downfall.

Abstract
Mountains and Rivers Without End covers many years of Snyder's life and shows his strong interest in Eastern philosophies, environmentalism, and transcendentalism. It is based on the idea of a expedition, both in the outside world and in the mind, and it is inspired by Snyder's time in nature and his learning about Zen Buddhism. High beyond nature and the individual soul, there is an ideal spiritual entity that can make the mind observe the magnificence of nature, which is tranquil, infinite, obscure, enduring, absolute, shapeless, exist in the hearts of all the individuals. The study found that Gary Snyder’s Mountains and Rivers Without End skillfully connects the ideas of going beyond a specific place, encouraging readers to see the deep connection between nature and human mind. Thus, the research analyzes the advancement of using the Transcendentalism in Snyder’s selected literary text. Furthermore, the study also sheds light on Snyder’s sketch of that philosophy capturing the spirit of place, as part of the essence of the poem, to turn into the interior states of mind in which the external world is incidental

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the quantity and quality of honey between the Al-Hindiyah and Al-Hussainiyah sectors and to determine their spatial distribution. Twenty honey samples were taken from Al-Hussainiyah and twenty samples from Al-Hindiyah, and they were analyzed in a laboratory to show this variation. Honey is an important source of food and treatment for the population, in addition to its economic importance and the financial savings gained by those practicing this activity. Because of this importance, this topic was studied, entitled (Human and life factors and their impact on the production of honey in the Al-Hussainiyah and Al-Hindiyah districts) for the period (2019-2023), which took the researcher's attention because it represents a problem related to the location of beekeeping and revealing the variation and distribution of this activity and the most important geographical factors affecting this activity in the study area and its distribution among the administrative units. Office, electronic, official and field data were collected through a comprehensive survey of beekeepers and cells, which amounted to (493) beekeepers and (17234) cells in the study area.

Research Summary
This research dealt with a poet whose life passed through two distinct stages, one in pre-Islamic times, and the other in Islam. The second stage received more attention from critics and researchers than the first stage, and the language of poetry was the studied aspect, according to the poet Mutammam bin Nuwairah, after the researcher realized the extent of The benefit that he will gain from studying this topic, and taking into account the research methodology, the researcher decided to divide the research into two sections. The first: includes the life of the poet and the story of the murder of his brother Malik bin Nuwayra.
The other section was concerned with highlighting the artistic characteristics of his poetry at the level of sentence structures, the level of words, in addition to the level of graphic images and rhythm.

1- Sexual harassment was a limited phenomenon in the early days of Islam, and although the Quranic verses and the noble Prophetic Sunnah warned against it, they did not explicitly mention it as they did with other crimes.
2- Islam set boundaries for major crimes that threaten and pollute the Muslim society. In order to preserve the community's safety, Islam is very cautious in proving the occurrence of certain crimes. For example, in the case of adultery, it requires the testimony of four witnesses in agreement, and if they differ, the legitimate judge will decide.
3- In the Quran, humans are viewed as rational beings capable of distinguishing between what is beneficial and what is corrupt. Therefore, the Quran repeatedly reminds humans of the importance of reason and rationality. When a person becomes rational, there is no need for punitive laws. The wise can assess suitable punishment for life's mistakes and criminal offenses, such as retribution or financial fines for their actions.
4- After understanding sexual harassment in language and terminology, the sacred Sharia prohibits engaging in this forbidden act, whether mentioned in the Quran or the Sunnah. The Quran emphasizes its danger and instructs believers to stay away from it to preserve the fabric of society, protect its sanctity, and prevent the spread of immorality among the believers, as confirmed by the noble Prophetic Sunnah. (19)
5- The harms of sexual harassment on the harasser himself and on society...
6- The most important causes of sexual harassment and their treatment through education and ethics. This responsibility falls on the family, schools, environment, security agencies, and the strictness of the law.
7- The Sharia has paid great attention to reducing the danger of this phenomenon that plagues society and has proposed solutions for those who are aware.
8- The mission of Islam is to preserve and guide humanity to the straight path, strengthen its sources of strength, and address its weaknesses, so that individuals stand balanced and face their responsibilities in life, with God as their overseer. In Islam, there is no executive authority or police force to enforce responsibilities, hence the Quranic verses warn of consequences and accountability on the Day of Judgment, when secrets will be revealed and truths exposed. Therefore, the punitive boundaries in Islam are limited, and there are conditions that may be difficult to fulfill under normal circumstances.

Abstract:
This study aims to unveil the uniqueness of feminine discourse and to highlight the creative Arab woman of the past by mentioning her works and poetic horizons and the most important artistic characteristics. It seeks to understand how the poetess expresses her feminine identity and portrays the image of a woman in her poems. A selected set of her poems was analyzed using qualitative research methodology, where data was collected, classified, and comprehensively analyzed. The study concluded that Layla Al-Akhyaliyya uses poetry as a rich medium to express the experiences, emotions, and challenges of women. Feminine identity is evident in her poems through her use of strong feminine imagery, emotional expressions, and colorful linguistic vocabulary. Additionally, her engagement with issues of liberation and women's empowerment is apparent, making her poetry a cornerstone for women and a voice for their experiences and aspirations. Layla Al-Akhyaliyya's judgments focused on content, sincerity of emotion, and feeling.

The aim of the current research is to identify (The Intellectual awareness Literary six-Grade Teachers of History and their Relationship to the Achievement of their Students), and according to the gender variable (males - females), the researcher followed the descriptive correlational research approach in light of the research variables and objectives, and the Research was limited to sixth grade history teachers. The literary branch. The research was initiated in the second semester of the academic year 2023-2024 AD, and thus the research community of teachers reached (508) teachers and schools, distributed according to gender, males and females, as the number of males Reached (289) teachers, while the number of females Reached (219) teachers. A sample of (40%) was selected from the research population of (244) schools, Equivalent to (98) schools, distributed according to lineage and randomly among the districts and districts of Karbala. The size of the sample of teachers was according to Stephen Thompson’s equation, After rounding, the number is (219), with a ratio of (43.108%), distributed according to males and females in the districts and districts of Karbala Governorate, using a Random class method proportional to the specified percentage. To achieve the objectives of the Research, the Researcher prepared a research tool, which is: the scale of intellectual awareness, which consists of (40) items distributed over Four fields are: (the cultural field - the political field - the social field - the economic field). As for the alternatives to the scale, the researcher used a gradation Represented by (applies to me to a large extent)(applies to me to a moderate extent)(does not apply to me) and weights were given to them from (3-2-1) For alternatives to paragraphs that point in the direction of the Scale (positive paragraphs), as for paragraphs that indicate the opposite of the scale (negative paragraphs), weights were given to them (1-2-3). After applying the two research tools to the sample, the Results were analyzed and the data processed statistically. After that, the results showed that history teachers in the sixth literary grade possessed areas of intellectual awareness, in addition to the existence of a positive correlation between the variable of intellectual awareness among history teachers in the sixth literary grade and the academic achievement of their students. Through this, the Researcher came out with a set of conclusions, Recommendations, and proposals.

Summary:
The spread of the use of social networking sites has led to their employment in various scientific, educational, and economic fields. Therefore, the study aimed to know the role of social networking sites in health awareness, specifically Facebook, which is the most widely used social networking site.
In line with the importance that Facebook occupies at the social level and its use in awareness campaigns in health fields, the study came to show the role that Facebook plays through the intensive campaigns launched by health authorities in the country.
The results of the study concluded that the public sample of the study uses Facebook at a rate of 100%, and to a varying extent. It indicated that the public sample of the study uses Facebook an hour a day at a rate of 43%. The study proved that the public sample of the study follows health awareness campaigns on Facebook at different rates, as the results revealed. Measles vaccination campaigns topped the health awareness campaigns followed by the public, the study sample, at a rate of 49%. The results of the study showed that Facebook contributes to enhancing health awareness among the public, the study sample, in different percentages.

The research aims to identify the reality of entertainment services Al - Hindiyah city, the extent of their efficiency, and the estimation of their needs according to the local standards that are followed in Iraq and the fact of the population for the year 2023 in terms of the number and types of these services and the domain they occupy. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach, depending primarily on field study and using statistics methods such as analysis of the closest neighborhood (neighborhood relation) of the main types of entertainment services in the city, based on the outputs of the (Arc Gis 10.7.1) program, and the research concluded that the city contains (7) types of entertainment services, and they do not meet the needs of the population, as the city suffers a huge shortage in many of these services, as the city does not contain a public park at all, and there is a large numerical shortage of (12) public parks, (4) sports fields, (16) sports arenas, (1) general library, and (2) cafés. Extensionally , most of the entertainment services present in the city recorded a spatial deficiency, and this affects the efficiency of the services provided. At the conclusion of the research, there was a set of proposals addressed to the concerned authorities, including planners and implementers, to highlight the shortcomings or weak points to be processed.

Abstract
The current research examines aggression in selected American political speeches. Political speech is an effective means for politicians to communicate their viewpoints and affect public opinion. Despite this, it often has aggressive elements, and the persistence of aggression in political speech is an urgent issue. Researchers have carried out several studies on aggression. However, they do not discuss the notion of aggression in American political speeches from a sociolinguistic standpoint. This research tries to bridge this gap. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the types of aggression in the selected political speeches, demonstrate the purposes of aggression in the examined data, and elucidate the fundamental social variables that augment aggression in the selected data. Trudgill's (1995) sociolinguistic social variables are employed to accomplish the aim of the research. The conclusion illustrates that: (1) Verbal, direct, indirect, instrumental, and gestural are the types of aggression. The most common usage is verbal aggression in political speeches. (2) The purposes of aggression are criticism, impression management, power and dominance, and exclusion. Criticism is the most prevalent purpose of aggression in political speeches. (3) Position and power are the primary social variables that promote aggression in political speeches

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the quantity and quality of honey between the Al-Hindiyah and Al-Hussainiyah sectors and to determine their spatial distribution. Twenty honey samples were taken from Al-Hussainiyah and twenty samples from Al-Hindiyah, and they were analyzed in a laboratory to show this variation. Honey is an important source of food and treatment for the population, in addition to its economic importance and the financial savings gained by those practicing this activity. Because of this importance, this topic was studied, entitled (Human and life factors and their impact on the production of honey in the Al-Hussainiyah and Al-Hindiyah districts) for the period (2019-2023), which took the researcher's attention because it represents a problem related to the location of beekeeping and revealing the variation and distribution of this activity and the most important geographical factors affecting this activity in the study area and its distribution among the administrative units. Office, electronic, official and field data were collected through a comprehensive survey of beekeepers and cells, which amounted to (493) beekeepers and (17234) cells in the study area.

Abstract
Feminist geography has witnessed significant development on a global level, both through the diversification of research topics and its spatial expansion. It is considered a modern trend within geographic thought, as it introduces concepts, methodologies, research methods, and in techniques in geographic inquiry. This study employs a descriptive analytical approach to explore the beginnings, reasons, and factors that shaped this trend within the geographic community. The aim of this paper is to review and analyze this development in order to present a new perspective on the subject. The research concludes that feminist geography has succeeded in formulating a new thought in geography and has induced dynamic transformations in the topics of human geography, reflecting women's perspectives on space and spatial behavior, as a result of the social roles that women play

Judge Al-Numan's opinions on financial transactions -The current study talks about the financial and economic aspects of Al- Nu'man's Book - The Pillars of Islam, Mention of the permissible and Forbidden, and Issues and judgments in Relation to the Messenger of God and His Progeny (God's blessings and peace upon them). The study focused on significant aspects, especially the Financial one, for its idiosyncrasy that affects people's lives and how to deal with it according to Islamic law through The Book The Pillars of Islam. The study dealt with financial transactions in comparison with his versions with other Sources. He agreed with some of them and disagreed with others The study tackled The Judge's opinions concerning the financial transactions through four researches. The first included his opinion about profit and its legitimacy as far as Islamic religion is concerned The second dealt with rent concerning term and language besides its legitimacy, that a crowd of religious scholars agreed. on the -permissibility of leasing depending on Quran and Sunna and the consensus of Muslim scholars . Then I turned to the 3rd -section to the Judge's opinions about preemption and its legitimacy in Quran and Sunna. Thereafter, I focused in the 4th section on usury and its impermissibility in The Book, Sunne, and consensus, too. Throughout the research, it was clear that the Judge showed up. Hadiths (speeches) and attributed them to the progeny of the prophets but he did not comment, nor compare them with others a task adopted by the researcher that he compared the Jardge's opinions with the different Islamic Doctrines and found they were identical with. most of them due to the fallowed method- Quran and Sunna....

Abstract:
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of all creation, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad (PBUH), and upon his pure and good family and his chosen and righteous companions.
Arab Islamic history witnessed the emergence of many figures who recorded the highest images of jihad, whether in the era of the message or the stage that followed it, in addition to the impact of these figures in various scientific fields. If we turn the pages of history books to know their scientific impact, we find them diverse encyclopedias that included all fields of science, in addition to their jihadist impact. Among these is the great follower Nuh ibn Diraj al-Nakha'i.

This research aims to know the significance of the interrogative method, and to show the role of composition in generating figurative meanings, monitoring the views of the interpreters, and clarifying the opinion of Mr. It is rich in meanings, and the interpretations have many views and their opinions varied, and this is the result of their diligence, and their eagerness to understand the Holy text.

The current research aims to Measuring the transcendent thinking and harmonious personality for university instructor . For the purpose of achieving this goal, the researcher chose a sample consisting of (400) male and female from of Karbala university instructor (2022-2023). The researcher built a measure the transcendent thinking based on the Modle (Riveros et al, 20) And built a measure the harmonious personality based on the Theory ( Motkov, 2018). The researcher also statistically analyzed the items and verified the psychometric properties of (validity, reliability). After confirming the validity of the tool through validity and reliability indicators, applying this tool to the research sample and then collecting the data and processing it statistically , The current research concluded that of Karbala university instructor have the transcendent thinking and harmonious personality. a set of recommendations and proposals were developed.

The study aims at providing an analysis of Luster by Raven Leilani in order to examine how language is used in the novel in order to look at and challenge racism, sexism, and classism. It analyses the textual features of the novel as a work of language which comprises lexical and syntactic choice, narrational and discursive processes and structures, interactions and subject positions to identify how the novel engages with and contests social-political oppression .
The present study reveals that Luster uses some lexical signs to portray the erasure of Edie and the way identity of successful black woman is erased by the society and thus erased out from the relations of power. The use of the fragmented syntax and the shift between the passive and the active voice makes the reader concentrate on the loss of Edie’s identity and the problems she encounters in the context of the oppressive social system which shows how oppression erases agency of the oppressed. The first-personal mode of the novel enables Edie to describe the experience of oppression on the basis of race and gender; the free indirect discourse is used to present the character’s point of view and to criticize the society.
As it has been mentioned above, the novel shows social interactions as microaggression and indirect remarks, which indicate people’s reluctance to address system oppression. The novel is also a political one and shows how one group can be oppressed while the other is favored.
In conclusion, one can claim that the above mentioned linguistic strategies are employed by the author in a rather effective manner in order to unmask and problematize the prejudice that underpins the fictional world and, consequently, the real world. It is thus possible to consider the novel as a text which reveals how race, gender and class oppression operate and are omnipresent in the society. It is in such a light that this analysis makes it clear that literature plays an important role in revealing and challenging prejudices and prejudice-related inequalities in society.

This research، entitled (Love in the Poetry of Karbala)، sheds on the love poems of Karbala poets، and the orientations of those poems by highlighting a number of poetic texts written by Karbala poets that deal with love، whether it is her love for a man and her relationship with him، or the love of her family، whose texts were distinguished by sincere emotion and tender words. The Karbala method used in this research was the descriptive analytical method.

This research dealt with studying the most important physical properties of the soil of Al-Hussainiya district and its impact on causing pollution, as there are factors that affect the change in the physical properties of the soil in the short and long term, so soil management is represented by plowing, irrigation, drainage and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. It affects the size of the voids in the soil, its moisture and air content and the fertility of the soil. Each soil has physical properties that go back to the rocks of the original parent material that formed the soil. Through these properties, we can determine the optimal use of it, as well as know the amount of pollution in the soil. In order to know the physical properties of the soil in Al-Hussainiya district, samples were taken, amounting to (30) samples distributed randomly to cover the study area and at two depths, the first depth (0-30) cm and the second depth (30-60) cm. Note that the sampling method was subject to the required scientific contexts and it was a true representation of the study area. It was found that there is a variation in the proportions of soil separations, as the mixed and mixed alluvial soils, the mixed alluvial clay soils and the mixed sandy clay soils prevail in the study area. Also, the soil of the study area has a low apparent and real density due to the fact that some of the soils of the study area contain organic matter and proportions of silt and clay. The porosity increases due to the organic matter and the proportion of texture (sand, clay, silt). It was found that the moisture content in the study area increases as the proportion of clay separations increases, which are characterized by their ability to retain water.

Harmony is considered one of the most important textual standards on the moral and usage level, and it means the logical, conceptual and semantic relations, which combines with the coherence criterion in achieving the total coherence of the text at the linguistic and semantic levels . of set The nature of the research requires that we rely on a harmony mechanisms selected according to the research elements and its steps, which the commentators employ to read the text/discourse and build its harmony. However, their job is important in explaining these mechanisms and their impact in the light of their analysis of the Quranictext. The aim of this study is to approach the heritage and textual linguistics, and to demonstrate the function of Shiite scholars in their interpretation of the Holy Qur’an according to modern standards.

Scientific research studies the geographical distribution of industrial crop cultivation in Karbala Governorate, and this contains the knowledge that Iraq has large arable areas estimated at approximately (21) million hectares (of which only 6.5 million hectares were cultivated) according to the statistics of the Central Agency for Statistics and Information Technology, i.e. Meaning that half of the lands are still uncultivated. As well as knowing the cultivated areas and uncultivated areas in Karbala Governorate according to the agricultural divisions in Karbala Governorate, where the total areas amounted to about (1,833,015) dunums, where the cultivated areas included (1,340,913) dunums and the uncultivated areas (492,102) dunums. Due to the cultivation of industrial crops in Karbala Governorate, the yellow corn crop reached the highest productivity (645) kg in Ain Al Tamr District, while the white corn crop reached the highest productivity in the Jadul Al Gharbi District (199) kg, due to the sesame crop, which reached the highest productivity (120 ) kg. As for the sunflower crop, the Hindiya district reached the highest productivity (56) kg, while the Karbala district center has no productivity. The reason is due to the lack of water, the lack of agricultural support for farmers, and thepreoccupation of most farmers with government jobs. As for the total production of industrial crops in Karbala Governorate, it amounted to about (34,451,278) tons, and this also reflects to us the weak contribution of industrial crops in general, especially (sunflower, sesame in particular, as the yellow corn crop in Ain al-Tamr district reached the highest production of about (10,172,413) tons. As for the white corn crop, where production in the Ghadul Al Gharbi District reached about (5049) tons, as for the sesame crop, where the Ghadul Al Gharbi District reached about (6010) tons, and finally the sunflower crop, where the Hindiyah District included the highest production, which amounted to about (797) tons. As for the center of Karbala district, there is no productivity for the industrial crops mentioned above. The reason is due to the scarcity of water, the lack of agricultural support for farmers, and the preoccupation of most farmers with government jobs.

Paperclip Project was established in 1945, Paperclip was initially conceived as a short-term military operation to develop technology against Japan. The Nazis specialists were to remain in military custody for the duration of their employment, Paperclip’s evolution into a long-term displacement program in early 1946 challenged this consensus. Incentivized by rising tensions with the Soviet Union, the War Department preferred not only to overcome the obstacles of the State Department but pressured to get American citizens to the Nazis specialists. In late 1946 the State Department granted the Joint Chiefs of Staff authority to authorize visas, and in late 1947 they granted the Military and Justice Department full authority to determine the security risk posed by specialists. In 1948, the tensions escalated in the world, especially in Europe, the US Department of Defense accelerated its activities into Paperclip and increased transfer of scientists until 1952, which was considered a tipping point towards a new stage of American scientific transfer.

The Orientalists went to study every aspect of the Islamic heritage, and at first their studies were characterized by comprehensiveness and lack of specialization, but after they delved deeply into the study of the Islamic heritage, their studies began to be characterized by precision and literalism in choosing the field of study, and as a result of the extreme importance that the doctrine has, especially after their discovery of the sects and sects, the orientation of the Orientalists To emphasize the study of the Imami doctrines in particular for specific goals and purposes, emphasizing some terms that carry a controversial aspect among the sects of Islam Therefore, the researcher went to monitor such studies that focused their efforts on studying the doctrinal principles in the Imami school of thought. The research was titled “Terminology of the Imami Doctrines in Orientalist Studies,” in which I sought to refute their claims and refute their suspicions about those terms and doctrinal principles because they have clear origins in the Qur’an and Sunnah.

The study aims to use remote sensing data to extract the heat island in the city of Tikrit for the year 2023. It relied on Terra Modis satellite visuals, using the thermal band to convert pixel values into absolute and percentage heat values, using modern statistical models to correct Results: The study focused on analyzing the temperature distribution across the city’s neighborhoods, classifying the heat island patterns and sizes that were observed during the time of filming, and comparing these patterns between the four seasons of the year (spring, summer, fall, and winter), The study also addressed the distributional relationship between heat island patterns and land uses, and knowledge of their negative effects. The study concluded that the city of Tikrit had witnessed, during the four seasons of the same year, heat island patterns whose strength varied temporally and spatially, while determining their environmental impacts compared to the surrounding rural areas.

The study aimed to study the impact of climate change (such as rising temperatures, fluctuating rainfall, and increasing drought periods) on the frequency and severity of agricultural droughts in Anbar Governorate, especially in the Saqlawiyah Irrigation Project area during the period from 2000 to 2022, and to evaluate the extent of the impact of drought resulting from climate change on agricultural crops and productivity in the Saqlawiyah Irrigation Project, and to identify the agricultural species most affected by drought. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach to describe and analyze climate change and its impact on agricultural drought in the study area, and followed the historical approach to study the development of climate change and the history of droughts in Anbar Governorate, by comparing climate data over a long period of time to identify patterns and changes, and followed the quantitative approach through statistical analysis of climate and agricultural data, such as rainfall rates, temperatures, and drought levels. Quantitative analysis is applied to determine future trends and forecasts. The study concluded that there is a large waste in the amount of domestic water due to the population increase, with a population of about (168521) people, with an annual water consumption of (123020330) m3/year, in the year (2021), in addition to the low height of the lined sides from the design capacity of the project from the beginning of its feeding from the Euphrates River at the beginning of (1) km, so this determined the maximum possible height of the water discharge in the project is (22 m/s), i.e. less than the design capacity of the project, which is (26 m3/s), and thus the amount of water cannot be increased above the specified design capacity, which will lead to erosion and cracking of the sides of the canal and the flooding of water into the neighboring lands, in addition to the increased friction of water with the soil adjacent to the project, which will also affect the quality of water. The study recommended the need to improve irrigation systems and use new technologies to reduce water waste and increase productivity, in addition to the need to develop strategies to address the challenges of climate change, including new technologies for water management.

Islam is the religion of humanity and its comprehensive system, ElMola links all aspects of life to each other organically and logically based on its human reality and its basic components, and its real aspects at all levels, and in proportion to the aspirations of man in it and in other stages of life.
In view of the social being that man has involved since Allah has instilled and healed him, and because he is born socially, Islam was the religion of society as it is the religion of the individual, and the Qur'an was the book of human society as it is the book of every member of this society without exception.
The social terms mentioned in the Holy Qur'an, as well as social phenomena, the social vision of all life facilities, the social doctrine, the history of societies, and the human community will not accept, are all confirmed manifestations of the social approach and the social orientation taken by the Holy Qur'an in its surahs and verses, despite its exposure to the characteristics of the individual and the same that characterize each individual.
Hence, the Holy Qur'an was the first Islamic source to address the building of a human society on scientific foundations, negative values and realistic theory whose rules and landmarks were established in the verses of the Divine Book, etc.
In addition, the people of the House of the message (peace be upon them) are the builders of the model human society, and the greatest Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, is the leader of the people of the House of the Message, their master and their elder, who received the Holy Qur'an from Aziz Hamid, and fully aware of it , and brought it into effect and built on his theory and foundations the features of the model human society, and took gradual in the preparation of its details, and broadcast in it the spirit of the missionary revelation, and establish in it the values of the message that makeit a distinct society unique from His kind, heading towards the perfection required for him, God Almighty said, indicating this trend towards the perfection required in the arbitrator of his book: ﴾ As well as makingNakom a middle nation so that you may be martyrs against people and the Messenger will be a martyr ﴿ Surah Al-Baqarah: Verse 143
God has entrusted our greatest prophet the task of completing his construction to all the leaders of the guidance of the people of the House of Prophethood, led by Imam Ali (peace be upon him), who entrusted him with his message, his nation and his state, so he clarified this Quranic theory, interpreted it and drew its details, and the field commander saturated with the values of the divine message, the conclusion of the above and the young editor of the Islamic community from the sediments of ignorance and the clutches of ignorance, infidelity and hypocrisy, and his call (peace be upon him) to preserve Islamic law from distortion and construction The righteous group and the preservation of human interests and their development and advancement, which is achieved by adhering to the realistic limits of the divine message, the Almighty says in the arbitrator of his book: ﴾ Lest people have an argument against God after the Messengers ﴿ Surah An-Nisa: Verse 165
He (peace be upon him) was interested in codifying and memorizing the texts of the narrations, as well as stressed the freedom of thought, reflection, reflection and examination of various philosophical and theological issues and addressing the confrontation of intellectual and philosophical currents in different eras, and Imam Ali (peace be upon him) did everything he could in order to achieve the lofty goal in the advancement of the Muhammadan message and the preservation of Sharia from distortion and falsification.
We will also address in the field of this research to two sections in which we address:
The first topic: social theory (its concept, origin, foundations in the Qur'an, characteristics in teaching, educational means)
The second topic: Imam Ali (peace be upon him) as a model for educators (his life and upbringing (peace be upon him), his qualities and heroism, his social and educational role

abstract
The Holy Qur’an paid attention to the educational and moral fields of man, because they are the path to refining the soul and its prosperity, and building minds and ideas, and through it human behavior is corrected, and thus it works to establish social coexistence between individuals based on love and cooperation, because a person’s value is estimated by his morals and deeds, and it is considered one of the main foundations in Building the earth, and for its sake the prophets and messengers were sent, and because of its importance, the Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) says (God Almighty has made good morals a link between Him and His servants. It is sufficient for one of you to adhere to a character connected to God), or as his guardian, the Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib, says. (peace be upon him) (If we did not hope for Paradise or Hell or reward or punishment, we should have demanded good morals, for they are among the signs of success). It is necessary for the person who is looking for comfort, happiness, prosperity in this world, and salvation in the afterlife, To take the initiative and strive to imitate the morals of the Qur’an and imitate Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, his family, and his household, and to motivate others to do so.

Imam Ali bin Abi Talib was distinguished by many virtues, as proven by the verses of the Wise Qur’an, the noble hadiths of the Prophet, and the traces that came from him and from the People of the House , in addition to what was recorded by historical sources and books of biographies and biographies.
These virtues were formed and refined from his honorable life and the events he lived. At the forefront of these virtues was his leadership in accepting the invitation of his cousin, the Messenger of God , and his absolute faith in God Almighty, in addition to his distinction over the men of his time in terms of knowledge and knowledge due to his proximity to the pure source of science, as he lived Ali bin Abi Talib was raised alongside the Messenger of God , so he was worthy of the divine knowledge he contained.
In addition, he was also distinguished by the courage that qualified him to manage wars and invasions, which bore fruit in establishing Islam and raising its banner, in addition to his social harmony with the subjects, as he was close to all classes of society at that time. All of these virtues were the result of him being given reverential titles that described the position in which he was distinguished, which made him distinguished. The opponents and enemies of Islam did not like it, so they tried in various ways to confiscate it and attribute it to others so that they could, even in a small way, undermine these virtues, erase them, or mislead them.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the best of His creation, Muhammad and his pure family. As for what follows, deletion occurs in many places in the sentences, and the omitted is estimated according to many reasons. Perhaps the diligence and ability of the listener will have the best chance of completing the task of estimation. To monitor these places in the sentences, we have determined These places, and ways to estimate them well and correctly, we divided the research according to the frequency of their places in the sentences, so we presented the places that are in the nominal sentence, then the places that are in the verbal sentence, then the places that are in the verbal sentence, then we mentioned the places that are in the styles, and we concluded with a conclusion we mentioned. It contains the most important search results.

This research sheds light on the grammatical approach on an important origin of grammar, which is hearing, according to a grammatical scholar with a great scientific personality, Rukn al-Din al-Astarabadi (born in Astraabad, and died in Mosul in the year 715 AH). The research included his most prominent grammatical opinions on hearing (transmission). ) in his book (Al-Basit fi Sharh Al-Kafiya).

The book Mufradat Alfaz Al-Quran by Al-Raghib Al-Isfahani (died 425 AH) belongs to a field of knowledge that deals with discussing the strange words in the Quran and trying to uncover the meaning of this strange word. This book, like other books in this field of knowledge, deals with studying the Quranic word and monitoring its different meanings according to the multiple contexts in which it appears, without going into the details of the products of this meaning, which is what Al-Raghib states in his introduction. However, the contemplative person finds the infiltration of grammatical interpretation in this book in a way that cannot be ignored or bypassed, and taking this interpretation as a way to reach the Quranic meaning. The research counted more than one hundred grammatical directions for the meaning of Quranic words. These grammatical interpretations were distributed over three parts; They are: grammatical tools, structures, and multiple aspects of parsing. The research reveals a result indicating the impossibility of deviating from the direction of the meaning of the Qur’anic word to the grammatical statement, and interpreting the meaning of this word according to it.

A group of emirates appeared in the Islamic East and were under the rule of the Abbasids. Among these were The Emirates is the Ghaznavid Emirate, and its founder was Alptigin, the client of the Samanids and the chief chamberlain Commander of the army in the city of Khorasan. The city of Khorasan has reached the peak of political prosperity And the economy in the first Abbasid era, where the Abbasid state relied on the resources of this region in all aspects. The research was divided into an introduction and two axes. The first axis dealt with the elements Population and in the second axis the classes of Ghaznavid society and the conclusion of the research and the most important results and a list of sources and reference

This study focused on the geographical analysis of plant production in the Musayyib district, with an area of (928) km2, one of the districts of Babylon governorate represents (18.13%) of the total area of the governorate of ((5119 km2), the subject discussed the cultivated area (cultivated lead) with crops divided according to the agricultural divisions in the Musayyib district, which number (3), namely both (Musayyib Division, Alexandria and Sadat Al-Hindiya), excluded by the Jurf Al-Nasr Division because plant production is currently suspended, the total land suitable for agricultural production in the district 174644/ Dunam Divided into agricultural divisions, and the cultivated ones amounted to 50,211 / dunum, according to the statistics of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture / Babylon Agriculture Directorate for the year 2023, and agricultural crops were distributed to the agricultural districts in the Musayyib district with 70 districts in the agricultural divisions (Musayyib, Alexandria, Al-Saddah, Jurf Al-Nasr) with (21, 23, 10, 16) districts for each of the aforementioned divisions respectively, while the study showed that the most prominent crops planted in the district are strategic crops (wheat and barley) with a percentage of 26.6% of the total cultivated area In the judiciary and horticultural crops were solved in proportions 51% and vegetables by 13%, while fodder crops and oil crops (sesame) came at rates of 9.2%, 0.14% each, respectively, in light of these data, the study concluded that there is a variation in the areas planted with various crops throughout the disparate study area and proposed some measures that will contribute to increasing plant productivity in the district.