LARK JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY , LINGUISTICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

The occult or the magic is one of most condemned activities in all cultures around the world. Thus, the beliefs and attitudes of world cultures warn people from reading such books that talk about or teach the occult to avoid approaching the satanic regions which might negatively and fatally affect people’s lives. From the assumption that, on the one hand, J. K. Rowling’sHarry Potter (henceforth HP) which is the case of the present study, is a fantasy book of occult and dark forces and it shakes all the religious, social, cultural and ethical values of human society. On the other hand, as a literary work, it is a master piece that extended all the literary standards of creativity and entertainment breaking all records of sales and readers worldwide. These two facts actually complicate the cultural situations that are supposed to be faced by Arab translators for the large distance or the huge gap between the texts, i.e. the source and the target (henceforth ST and TT), and it is, as a work, directed to children which requires special attention and strategies. Moreover, a literary work like HP implies good and bad values which, in turn, involves translators to keep the good and leave the bad. To achieve such a goal they should resort to domestication, use the oblique translation and avoid westernization. In short, the translators have to control the whole situation by holding the stick from the middle to retain both the positive values of the work and ,at the same time, to renounce all its passive and destructive values.
It is believed that westernization is the main cause that participates in making the translation no more than a copy of the original instead of being a literary work
that exists by itself and has its own position in the polysystem of the literary works. For this reason, the translational behaviour of the translators in translating Rowling’s HP seven-book series into Arabic will be described in the light of G. Toury’s Descriptive Approach and Norms of Translation. Consequently, a decision will be made as regards the orientation of the translators’ performance whether it was to westernize or foreignize the ST since it represents the dominant culture or just localize or domesticate it to the target culture (henceforth TC) for it is directed to children who demand a special kind of manipulation ,i.e. adaptation.

The current research aimed to identify the effectiveness of teaching according to the environmental Approach in the achievement and development of cognitive curiosity in the biology of fourth grade students. In order to achieve the research objective, the following two hypotheses were tested:
The first hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group, which will study the prescribed material using the environmental Approach and the students of the control group who will study the same subject by adopting the usual method of collecting biology.
The second hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average differences in the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental groups, which will study the material assessed using the environmental Approach and the students of the control group who will study the same subject by adopting the usual method in developing cognitive curiosity Biology.
The sample of the study consisted of two experimental and control groups (32), each of whom were fourth grade students who were selected from the middle school for the academic year 2016-2017. The experimental group studied (32) students using the environmental approach while the control group studied (32) NormaL
It also requires the construction of a cognitive intelligence scale according to the theory of Daniel Berlin D. The final form of the (26) paragraph after the completion of statistical analysis on a sample of (200) student as well as extract the characteristics of the validity of the validity of content and stability using the re-test and equation After the completion of the tools, the results showed an improvement in the performance of the female students of the experimental group who studied using the environmental input on the collection of female students in the control group. Dr N according to the usual way, as it turned out that the teaching-based environmental portal shares in the curiosity of knowledge in the subject of biology students for the fourth preparatory grade development

This work investigates the use of conceptual metaphor in Imam Ali’s selected sayings. More specifically, it focuses on his description of the world and the hereafter. The world and the hereafter are the most contrastive and prevailing notions in Islamic traditions. Like any orator or political leader, Imam Ali resorts to some rhetorical devices in order to convey his ideas to his audience effectively. Among these rhetorical devices, metaphor is the most efficient. However, this study is not totally concerned with the linguistic metaphor. Instead, it is based on what Lakoff and Johnson (1980) called "Conceptual Metaphor". This type of metaphor is based on relating a certain idea with what people conceptually perceive it in their life. Accordingly, this study sets out to identify the conceptual metaphors used in Imam Ali’s description of the world and the hereafter. Also, it aims at showing the most common image according to which the world and the hereafter are conceptually embodied. The present study attempts to draw a comparison between Imam Ali’s description of the earthly life and the common conceptual metaphor of life as a journey.

This paper analyzes the tweets of the US president Donald Trump through a linguistic approach. It sheds light on the content, structure and style of his tweets as well as the discourse aspects of these tweets, such as the rhetorical devices, hedging, and the like. At the beginning, a brief definition is introduced concerning Twitter, social media and politics, previous studies. Then, a broader discussion is given to the main content of this paper as represented by Trump’s tweets. Finally, a few conclusions and results are laid down. The paper has found that Trump’s tweets are significant in that they not only reflected on the political discourse of the US president, but they also shed light on the linguistic importance of the political tweets. In addition, this paper is a simple step towards understanding the political aspect of twitter, an area that needs a further investigation in the future.

The research handles ‘deletion’ as being an important, rhetorical, and textual style of speech that contributes clearly in the coherence and cohesion of the text. Imam Ali (p.u.h) used it a marvelous use in Al-Ahd letter that he wrote to Malek Al-Ashter. The reader will find his perfect, technical ability in the employing of deletion for the text. Imam has employed different types of it: phrase, sentence, word, or letter deletion. All that return to a reference linked with the text without defect or weakness in the structure. But the deletion should be delayed for the reference in order to confirm and fix it in the factor’s mind. After that, deletion comes for a part of speech to make the receiver do the task of linking the text. He used the deletion of a phrase very frequently. Here appears his high ability in systematizing the speech structure, because deleting a big part of the text requires skill and accuracy in order not to make defect in the structure of the text. By this method, he took his words away from boring, lengthening, and non-justified repetition.

Colorism was a politically-oriented social trend in America. It has received literary and critical reactions since the1960’s of twentieth century. James Baldwin’s writings are among those reactions. This paper studies the issue of colorism in Baldwin's novels. It is prefaced by three pivotal points: the classical roots of colorism, the politicization of color in the American society, and the distinction between skin and race. Then, it delineates the effects of the politicization of color in Baldwin’s novels. Its main conclusion is that Baldwin’s novels foreshadow racial equality America in future

This paper studies the novel Hard Times by Charles Dickens. It investigates how English people and society suffered poverty, persecution, and injustice of the industrial era. It shows also how individualism plays a very crucial role in people' life in gathering its power and dominance by rape and violating rights, independence and freedom. The paper gives us a very clear picture about the difference between fact and fancy.

Ancient Arabic linguists studied the language deep scientific study according to its objectives and functions of influence, the most prominent of these flags Abu al-Fath Osman bin Jaini (d. 392 e) that the world that gave the Arab linguistic thought and theories established the rules of the Arabic language, and will stand in his views in the deliberative Writing characteristics in the field of Conversational implicative, which mentioned the most prominent principles Grays .
Ibn Jaini explained that many of the linguistic uses did not mean the meaning of the meaning of the speaker but the intention of another indication can be known depending on the ability of the speaker to convey his idea and the efficiency of the recipient to understand the meaning of the language intended by the speaker, was the title of the research Characteristics A deliberative approach .
Dr. Haydar Jasim Jaber Abdullah Al.Dinaynawy.
Maysan University / College of Basic Education / Department of Arabic Language .

The talk in this research to clarify the nature of the view the actor in the book Sibawayh and understanding end and terms and provisions with reference to some of the views of scientists who came after him, we find the speech on the actor had started from the front pages in the book, scattering talk about it in the pages of the book in the form of irregular, according to the collapse of the meanings that aroused the attention of the author, Fenrah talking about the conditions of the act with the perpetrator reminder and feminized when talking about the character Almhbhh, but does not complete the talk about the feminization of the act of an actor, but in the second part, as well as bestowed on the actor of the doors do not have him direct relationship; they held not to do for an actor, doors are held under the title of an actor to begin doing door Atadh actor who has not done to effect (intransitive verb), ending a door actor who goes beyond the effects of three to do .... (transitive verb).
Perhaps It makes the actor throughout his speech indicates that the nature of the act is significant on the event can only be Balvaal, and that the actor mayor indispensable to speak governed in all syntactic phenomena and the idea of the worker and the applicable upon which his book.
The approach of this tab to make it have to put grammatical issues in the form of doors leading comprehensive as is evident in most Anwanat his book, including the doors and the various issues associated with the same headline Aftalt Anwanat varied between mystery and clarity, and the fee for the same approach to view terminology grammatical did not break a lot about linguistic meaning, it either goes to the description and acting as he did with the doors transitive verb and necessary under the title of the actor and the expresses the idea more than the term and use, and it appears this method is evident in the door of the actor to talk about the actor without the other, did not come to call what was termed at elders and teachers, especially teacher Hebron.
The unit did not mean much the definition of terms but what he saw as a clear representation and description as noted, did not mention the bug raise actor in his interview with him other than what we found at other grammarians, but the reader can be questioned from his words that contain mostly a hint does not permit.
The same applies with the factor lifting the actor, which is apparently factor phonetic represented in the act, it is the opinion of the public grammarians, but some of the views of individual attributed to Xaúa or Hisham or red, which says the worker moral or meaning of effectiveness, or tried to combine them such as Ibn Falah Yemen .
Speaking about his order in a sentence and its location has pointed to the inadmissibility of progress actor to do, but in need of hair and the bone of contention between the visual and Alkoviin who had authorized provided in non-hair, and on the progress of effect on the actor has praised Sibawayh this method in the language of the Arabs; for the the meaning of the statement is important, they mean his statement he says, and describes him as a good many Arabic.
He talked about the masculine and feminine and subsequent identical or lack thereof between the act and the perpetrator, and explained in more than one section of the book, what was in line with what is yet to come, and the Jazz where the two are based on the reported words of the Arabs and their accents, and stated in the verses of the Holy Quran
And approved the deletion of the actor with the survival and existence in the intention to guide evidenced by the presumption of place and context; does not delete it without the least, not as an act without an actor, and this is what the nut and Alexaii Suhayli and son lit and others.
As for the passport and an actor clause did not declare Sibawayh this, and it seems that he does not prevent its occurrence with interpretation and according to the statement of the conditions mentioned, it is what it is Albesrion It is of vision of Alkoviin likes fur and Hisham and Fox, was not it in the passport never as just Ibn Hisham and al-Suyuti.
Finally, I do not find that detectives collected and separated Grammarians the later in the door and one under the title (the door of the actor) in the book Sibawayh end the division and a description and an analysis and explanation of the provisions, but we find it does not meet the subject in one place, as stated in the search

The research in the threshold of Dedication of the writings of Dr. Rahman Gharkan concluded a number of conclusions that can be summarized as follows:
1 - The threshold of giving gifts in the book or some courtesy of some kind, but were related to the text of the book more than the link even in the family.
2- There were three types of gifts in his books: public gifts, family gifts and brotherhood gifts, which came first in seven books, while the family came in five as well as cultural contributions and public donations. As for the self-revelations and the gifts of the spatial dialect, each type in a book, indicating the presence of the other and the absence of the narcissistic ego, has a positive presence.
3 - The distribution of the functions of the gift on five functions are: semantic, deliberative, emotional, artistic and scientific, while achieving the functions of the semantic and deliberative presence prominent, while the emotional spread in the family.
4 - The reading of the threshold of the gift of a dialectical relationship with the text or the text of the book was divided into four axes: the dialectic of paradox and the dialectic of approval and the dialectic dialectic and dialecticity of the two have been diligent in presenting and reading.

This research triec to dis cuss the folloüing
1- The level of the Sufficiently Communicative among university Students.
2-The significance of differences in the sufficiently communicative among university students , depending on the type variable (male –female),specialty ( scientific- humanist )and grade (second – fourth).
The current research was focus on sample on sample of (400) students from both gender in the university of Qadisiyah from both specialty scientific – humanist )and for (second – fourth) grade of (males and females) of morning study in the academic year(2016-2017) :- build sufficiently communicative measure based on the theory of Bandura (1988) which Consists of three areas are (confidence in being able to communicate . that has been applied on sample search basic and depending on the statistical social science(spas)in data processing:
The research reach the following.
1-The university students enjoy good sufficiently communicative.
2- There are statistically significant differences in sufficiently communicative depending on the type variables(males-females)for the benefit of males,There is no statistically significant differences in sufficiently communicative among university students depending on the variable of classes ( second –fourth).There are statistically significant differences in sufficiently communicative among university students depending on the specialization variable (scientific-humanist)towards humanistic specialization .

Human Development and Values of Citizenship
(A fieldwork study Among the Youth of Iraqi Kurdistan region)
By:
Assist Prof. Dr. Nabeel Jassim Mohammad
Dept. of Sociology, College of Arts, University of Anbar, Iraq
Abstract:
Citizenship in general can be considered as the cornerstone of development. It's obviously one of the most important ways to address the societal changes and transformations of wars and crises ... etc. Therefore, it must be reflected on the capacity building of citizens to be active by increasing opportunities for them and developing and enhance the patriotic affiliation to the national identity.
The research aims to: exploring the theoretical and conceptual Originalisation of the human development and citizenship, the role of human development in strengthening and consolidating the values of citizenship, and then suggesting a reform plan of (social policy) aims to achieve social welfare.
To achieve these goals has, we used the social survey method and chose a sample of (400) respondents among the three provinces of the Kurdistan region, and using the questionnaire as main technique to obtain the fieldwork data and then the analyzing and interpretation.
The most important findings of the research can be summarized as the following:
1. Lack of citizenship in a society that suffering the crisis.
2. The spread of diseases, epidemics, dropping out of education and lack of access are the main reasons of the weakness of citizenship.
3. Discrimination and inequality between women and men in general and especially the political issue.
4. Widespread poverty and unemployment among people.

finally, we conclude her to some suggestions as strategies for the development of the spirit of citizenship and promote an active participation as the following:
1. Transformation strategy towards a society free of illiteracy.
2. An active employment strategy.
3. An empowerment strategy of women and youth and attention to childhood

The current research aims to identify decision-making in the current research sample. And finding the differences of statistical significance in the decision-making in the current research sample according to the variables of sex, specialization and the school stage). The sample was selected from postgraduate students at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2016-2017. The scale of Obiad was adopted in 2015, consisting of (21) paragraphs. The researchers extracted the statistical properties. The following statistical methods were used: Pearson correlation, Alpha-Cronbach correlation coefficient, trigonometry analysis). The results of the research show that the postgraduate students of the current research sample have a high degree of decision-making, there are no statistically significant differences in decision making according to the variables (gender, specialization, and stage). (Gender, specialization, and school stage) and their interactions other than sex were only a function, and the most important conclusions are that decision-making is influenced by social and family upbringing for the sex and is not affected by the school stage in the decision-making process (and the most prominent recommendations) ) And from The most prominent proposals (to conduct other studies dealing with decision-making other variables not addressed in the current research such as critical thinking and cognitive need and cognitive methods and compare the results of the current study results on the current research variables separately.ارجع

The research aims to evaluation of the final exams questions of the Department of Biology according to Core thinking skills, The research identifies the final questions of the For specialty materials for the four stages Department of Biology In the College of Education / University of Qadisiyah for the academic year 2016-2017 These questions represented the research community and his sample at the same time , The evaluation tool was a Core thinking skills list consisting of eight main skills divided into twenty-one sub-skills presented to a group of specialists in the methods of teaching Biology and Biology to show their suitability to the students By adopting an 80% consensus in the experts' opinions, all skills were retained as they were, Questions were evaluated by analyzing their content according of core thinking skills to judge the extent to which they were included, The idea was adopted for analysis, The repetition was also adopted as a census unit, after which the final questions were read carefully, Test paragraphs containing Core thinking skills were identified and categorized within the categories to which they belong , And after verifying the validity of the analysis by presenting a sample of the questions analyzed (second grade questions) to an arbitrator in the specialization of methods of teaching Biology and approved the validity of the analysis, And Stability in two ways: consistency between analysts and consistency over time, Where a sample of the analyzed questions was selected (third grade questions). After applying the Holste equation, the following stability coefficients were obtained: Consistency over time reached (0.91), consistency between analysis of the researcher and the other analyst reached (0.83) , The following results were obtained: (71.698%) of the test items of the first grade and (71.317%) of the test items of the second grade and (56.451%) of the test items of the third grade and (71.311%) of the test items of the fourth grade measured the skill of remembering most of them measured the recall skill (66.114%) of (66.298%) for the main memory skill. It follows from this that the greater proportion of the test items of the final questions of the Biology Department measures the recall skill.

The current research aims to identify:

1. Know the level of psychological flexibility of educational counselors.
2. Know the level of self-confidence of educational counselors.
3 - know the extent of the relationship and contribution of psychological flexibility to the variable self-confidence of educational counselors. The researchers used the descriptive approach to achieve the research objectives. The two researchers adopted the self-confidence measure for Sidney Shraujer (Najd Bilal, 2014). The terms of the measure are divided into six dimensions: speaking with others, social interaction, positive physical appearance and optimism, academic performance (The social dimension, the emotional dimension, the mental dimension). In both measurements, the validity of the content is confirmed by the two types of truthfulness and logical honesty by presenting it in its initial form On a set of The specialized arbitrators numbered (10) arbitrators, as the two scales were approved by all the arbitrators. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers applied the measure to a sample of (61) mentors and guides in Diwaniyah governorate for the academic year (2016-2017). After collecting data and statistical processing using SPSS, the research reached the following results:

1. The sample does not have a high level of psychological flexibility.
2. The sample enjoys a high level of self-confidence.
3. The relationship between psychological flexibility and self-confidence for educational counselors is very strong. In the light of the findings of the current research, the researchers came up with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aimed to identify the effectiveness of teaching according to the environmental Approach in the achievement and development of cognitive curiosity in the biology of fourth grade students. In order to achieve the research objective, the following two hypotheses were tested:
The first hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group, which will study the prescribed material using the environmental Approach and the students of the control group who will study the same subject by adopting the usual method of collecting biology.
The second hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average differences in the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental groups, which will study the material assessed using the environmental Approach and the students of the control group who will study the same subject by adopting the usual method in developing cognitive curiosity Biology.
The sample of the study consisted of two experimental and control groups (32), each of whom were fourth grade students who were selected from the middle school for the academic year 2016-2017. The experimental group studied (32) students using the environmental approach while the control group studied (32) NormaL
It also requires the construction of a cognitive intelligence scale according to the theory of Daniel Berlin D. The final form of the (26) paragraph after the completion of statistical analysis on a sample of (200) student as well as extract the characteristics of the validity of the validity of content and stability using the re-test and equation After the completion of the tools, the results showed an improvement in the performance of the female students of the experimental group who studied using the environmental input on the collection of female students in the control group. Dr N according to the usual way, as it turned out that the teaching-based environmental portal shares in the curiosity of knowledge in the subject of biology students for the fourth preparatory grade development

The aim of the research is to measure guilt and its relation to spontaneous selfregulation among divorced women in Diwaniya. As well as to identify the relationship between guilt and its relationship with automatic judgments, and detect the difference in the variables depending on the housing variable, and included a sample of a sample ( 120) divorced women in the city of Diwaniyah..
The researchers built the research tools, the first to measure the guilt and the second to measure the self-automatic judgments, and after the instruments were subjected to the process of statistical analysis of sincerity, discrimination and stability, and the results indicate that the sample of the search suffer from guilt The results also showed that women suffer from self-mutilating self-mutations caused by failure. The results showed that the variables of the research were positively correlated and statistically significant at 0 , 05). The results also indicated that there was no statistically significant difference Change the search according to the housing variable. In the light of the results, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

Research Summary:
The research aims to measure the level of emotional deprivation of the parents, and to measure the level of school violence among primary school students. As well as to identify the relationship between the degree of emotional deprivation of parents and school violence, and to detect the difference in the variables depending on the gender variable, and included a sample of ( 100) pupils from grades fourth and fifth primary .
The researcher built two tools to measure parental and secondary emotional deprivation to measure school violence. After the instruments were subject to statistical analysis of sincerity, discrimination and persistence, the results indicated that the members of the sample were And the results showed the prevalence of school violence among students. The results showed that the research variables were positively correlated and statistically significant at (0.05) ) the results also indicated the lack of a statistically significant difference in the two variables depending on the search To gender. In the light of the results presented researcher set of recommendations and proposals

The current research aims to:
1- measurement knowledge student repelling behavior criminal .
2- guidance dissimilarity in knowledge student repelling behavior criminal to the variables of gender ( males - females) , and specialization(scientific-inhumane) .
3- to identify the correlation between the two variables of repelling behavior criminal and field measure spring .
To achieve the goals of the study , crave the thing tool measurement knowledge student repelling behavior criminal , burning to adopt scholar preparer he who Abraheem and mdwy year . to be formed measure from (34 item) distributed on four field , and to materialize scholar student characteristic standard measurement form reliable and fixed way reliable logical and outward , swan counting fixed way giving back the test , burning to be formed sample search for current from (260 student ) from student university AL-Qadisiyah to choose pattern haphazard , after the completion of the application scholar used appropriate statistical methods to analyze the data . And showed the following results:
1- If sample search not near knowledge student repelling behavior criminal .
2- Not to find difference having guidance statistics between ( males - females) in knowledge student repelling behavior criminal , and also attribution specialization(scientific-inhumane) .
3- Being relationship relation positivism having guidance statistics between field measure the four wherein to occupy repelling economic space the bigger impact the next repelling psychology , and repelling religious , and sociality the end .
In Regards to that results the researcher presented some recommendations as suggested by a number of future studies .

This study aimed to identify the degree of primary science teachers in practicing the Skills of the questions of class from their point of view. To apply the study, the researcher prepared the study subject representing by questionnaire included (30) Skills divided into three fields (Skills of formulating classroom questions, Skills of asking classroom questions and the Skills of dealing with student's answers). The sample of study Consisted of(150) teachers from the public primary school teachers in the directorate of education in Thi-Qar /Department of qalat Suker education. The results of the study showed that the degree of Primary science teachers in practicing the Skills got an average grade. The Skill of formulating classroom questions got first level at rate (3.28), and the second level the Skill of dealing with student's answers got the rate (2.84),at the third level the, Skills of asking classroom questions got (2.51).
Also, the results of the study showed that there were statically significant differences in the degree of practicing science teachers for the Skills of classroom a questions attributed to the effects of gender and for females, and the level of teaching experience and for more than 10 years , the scientific qualification and for the benefit of the bachelor , and in the light of the result of the study has been made some suggestions and recommendations .
Key words : Classroom Skills - Degree of practice - science teachers

The phenomenon spinster men on the rise in line with the phenomenon spinster women, which threatens Arab societies, it has spread recently delayed age of marriage among young people, in terms of age rose significantly beyond the thirties and is nearing the age of forty, that the phenomenon spinster men were the product of the interaction of social, political, cultural and economic factors and psychological, and economic factors are the main reasons which manifests itself primarily in unemployment, which prevented the young man for economic independence by which its guarantee income can afford the responsibility of marriage and the longer there are also social factors is to ignore families economic conditions as they ask the young man who wants to intermarriage demands unable to be met under the current circumstances, such as over-the Colts, and the spread of obscenity, which is no longer with them to marry the need for some, there are some cases that hinder marriage, such as the commitment of arrangement between children in the hierarchy of the marriage or the requirement Musharraf ratios are well-known family, or the greed and the greed of some of the parents of the girls , which generates rancor within the family, especially if the girl was an employee fear guardian share of their monthly income stops refuses to marry her, claiming that he wants to marry her coveted in income to help him to the requirements of life also prevents the achievement of a marriage problem along the years of education for males and the desire to complete the study even at the expense of aging for females, and with the constant friction between the sexes in most places, it produces a kind of relative saturation explosive instincts in adolescence, especially as religiou.sly forbidden relations have become an affordable reality, and without effort or little awkward

Target search detection
1. The level of awareness of historical events among university students
2. The significance of differences in the level of perception of historical events among university students according to the gender and specialization of university students.
In order to achieve these two goals, a sample of 400 students was selected from the College of Education for the 2017-2018 academic year. They were chosen randomly and in a proportional manner. A questionnaire was constructed to measure the level of historical events consisting of (24) paragraphs. After the validity of the tool on the research sample it became clear that there is a high level of awareness of the historical events, and it became clear that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of perception of historical events according to gender variable , While there were differences in the level of awareness of events according to the variable specialization and in favor of scientific specialization and the search came out with a number of recommendations and proposals.

Info-media is known as a means of using the data of the info-technology (or informational technology) Simultaneously with media and communication modes. The info-media concentrates on producing information, the ways to store the information, how to circulate the information and how to disseminate it. An over view about the history of art give us a proclamation: Art is a field of high effect on its environment, for the perception of its actions, events, discoveries and inventions, and among other is the info-media. However, scientific events. The research hypo the sizes that theatre director is punctual in coinciding the movement of information and its modes, considering it as a modern science that continuously develops itself, specially specifying the function of the info-media to form a picture. The research aims at identifying the function of the info-media in drama. The theoretical background consists of two chapters, the first deals with the aesthetic values of the info-media, the second deals with the properties of the language of direction in the era of the info-media, for the theoretical background reveals some indication here are some of them that have an important position.
1- Employing the info-media leads to the production of new notion and new figures, and it opens new trends for thinking, with more modernity in the style of production and designing the theatrical techniques, which in turn is reflected on the performance of the actor and all of the theatrical consideration.
2- Employ more than one mode of info-media means a firm establishment for the implications of the dramatic presentation in the mind of the audience.
3- Info-media works on promoting the aesthetics of the theatrical presentation, enhancing the positive communication of the receiver with the exhibition.
4- Info-media works on creating a new communicative relation between the receiver (audience) and the exhibition of the drama, interfering with the prior communicative relation that results from perceiving the direct action produced by an active actor.
The following procedures are conducted in describing and analyzing the intended specimen of presentation, where info-media is employed in the play (Interview), authorized by Ala,Husein, and directed by Akram Isam. Among the important conclusion reached by the research are:
1- For the director, scenarist and the actors, the employment of the info-media works on connecting the aesthetic and ideological system of the theatrical exhibition with what is technically and stylistically new (modern) and creative, because comprises other arts and sciences.
2- Employing the info-media composes a main aspect in formulating theatre director’s over view in the present time, so as to coincide the other modern media (e.g.TV and cinema)
3- Info-media and its devices aesthetically promote the theatrical exhibition, for keeps the receiver in contact and authenticate the interactive relation between the receiver and the theatrical exhibition.

The present research deals with the study of the changes of color cadence and drawings of Ismail Shikhly in an attempt to uncover the changes in the color rhythm in his drawings through the artist's foundation in his ideas, methods and creative experiences that are increasing directly with the developments and transformations taking place in contemporary Iraqi art. With a clear horizon for a set of aesthetic values, which is characterized by the self-expression of the artist and in line with his emotional projections and his artistic vision of reality, his social adaptation and his contemporary of all new artistic formulas and visions.
The artist's attempts to change and transform the color rhythm in his drawings, which may return to his own vision derived from them and transferred from structural formulas to new structural relationships and formulas not subject to a fixed standard, but a series of transformational technique and performance and stylistic to produce and create new aesthetic images, In the artistic structures of the artist himself.
The color of the artist Ismael Sheikhly has an active presence within the level of self and objectivity, according to the same patterns and color indications, which led to the artist's dealing with color several rhythmic transformations change according to his artistic vision of the same subject, as a result of the transformations in the creative itself of the artistic achievement in terms of his vision of reality His thoughts and feelings and the surrounding relationships establish a dynamic, interactive circle of patterns and vision to harmonize and adapt at times or differ according to the law of other opposites.
The research included four chapters: the first of which is devoted to the methodological framework of research. Starting with the problem of research and its importance and the need for it and through the research objectives (known as the shifts of color rhythm in the drawings of Ismail Sheikhli) and for the period (1960 - 1990) in oil work. As well as specifying search terms.
While the second section contains the theoretical framework and contains three topics. The first topic focuses on (the elements of artistic composition in the art of drawing), the second section includes (the transformations of color rhythm in the contemporary Iraqi drawing), the third section includes (the artistic vision of the artist Ismail Sheikli color And rhythmic transformations in his artistic drawings).
The third chapter focused on research procedures in terms of the research community and the tool and then selected the sample of the research represented by the research community, which was (6) works of art covered the boundaries of research based on the descriptive approach and the method of content analysis Finally included the fourth chapter on the results and conclusions, recommendations and proposals, The researcher's findings are as follows:
1. The diversity of free rhythms achieved in color contributed to the creation of multiple diversity to establish an extension of the successive optical clouds, which gives inspiration to movement within the artwork.
2. The artist achieved a shift in color rhythm through the factor of repetition in color as well as harmony on the surface of the painting, which establishes a consistent stability of the eye of the recipient.

إن النص التصميمي في الاقمشة والازياء ذو طبيعة دينامية فعالة يؤثر ويتأثر مع الانظمة الاخرى بطابعه الابداعي المتجاوب في الانشاء والابتكار ويكون نتاجا لعمل تحولي يحدث تغييرا ملحوظا في البنية التصميمية ، ويمكن اعتبار الدينامية هي القوة الدافعة للترابط بين الاجزاء المكونة للتصميم لتحقيق نص تصميمي يتمظهر عن التعاطي والتفاعل بين منظومة الافكار الجمالية والاساليب والمفاهيم الداعمة لحركة تطور الشكل الجمالي ، بل ان دينامية النص التصميمي تضعنا امام ظاهرة مهمة هي تصميم الاقمشة والازياء في مرحلة ما بعد الحداثة ، مما أوجب على الباحثة ان تخوض في غمار المتغيرات الجمالية التي طرأت على فنون ما بعد الحداثة وظهور مرحلة فنية جديدة اكتسبت قيمتها وتأثيرها الجمالي على نحو جعلها في مقدمة الفنون الاخرى . وتضمن البحث ثلاثة فصول ، تناول الفصل الاول منها مشكلة البحث وأهميته وأهدافه وحدوده وتحديد مصطلحاته ، وقد تحددت مشكلة البحث في كون تصميم الاقمشة والازياء في مرحلة ما بعد الحداثة له خصائص مميزة جديرة بالاهتمام والتتبع انطلاقا من دينامية النص التصميمي ، من هنا جاءت أهمية البحث لتأكيد الضرورات الفكرية في دينامية النص التصميمي للاقمشة والازياء في مرحلة ما بعد الحداثة وكذلك تعميق مستوى الادراك الثقافي للنظريات والمفاهيم المتعلقة بدينامية النص التصميمي ، وصولا الى هدفي البحث اللذين تمثلا بالتعرف على تصميم الاقمشة والازياء في ما بعد الحداثة والكشف عن تأثيرات دينامية النص التصميمي في تلك التصاميم ، وتحدد البحث موضوعيا بدراسة دينامية النص التصميمي في الاقمشة والازياء النسائية في مرحلة ما بعد الحداثة ومكانيا لدور تصميم الازياء في العالم وزمانيا من عام 1970 الى عام 1990، اما الفصل الثاني فقد تضمن مبحثين: تناول المبحث الاول دينامية النص التصميمي وادواتها، وتناول المبحث الثاني تصميم الاقمشة والازياء في مرحلة ما بعد الحداثة ، اما الفصل الثالث فقد اختارت الباحثة من خلال ذلك عددا من الازياء المصممة في فترة ما بعد الحداثة من قبل مصممين عالميين ثم قامت بتحليلها ، فتوصلت بعد ذلك الى أهم النتائج خلال تحليلها كان منها تمظهر النص التصميمي في أقمشة وازياء ما بعد الحداثة بمنظومة الافكار الجمالية التي تفاعلت بدينامية التكوين وتمثلت بجوهر موحد يتجلى في التعبير عن جميع الافكار التي تدعو الى التغيير

Despite the official recognition by the public and the public of the importance of the media in general and public relations in particular, most of the work of public relations departments and public institutions in Wasit did not reach the level of understanding required for the work of public relations management, Following the means and scientific methods in application, there is little evidence that it employs non-specialized personnel in the field of media and public relations. In many institutions, it is seen as a marginal function and can be performed by any person. B institutions must provide physical and human potential and the required technical even start to exploit the modern means of communication.
The Department of Public Relations and Information in the various administrative levels, whether it is a department, unit, department or division, needs specialists in the field because public relations has become an independent scientific department that is currently studying in most of the Iraqi universities, its methods, functions and special means.
The lack of interest of government institutions in providing the appropriate material and human resources causes the lack of work of the Department of Public Relations and Media and the lack of employment of modern technical means of communication, which negatively affects the performance of the institution in communication and communication

Al-Kut Brigade was one of the brigades of Iraq which earned them feudalism, and large leaving leaving impact on the economic, social and even political situation in the brigade. Therefore, the subject of "the impact of the system feudal on aspects in Brigade Kut 1932-1958" important because of the control of a small number of people who are senior elders clans in major general to land agricultural and became dominate on all the activies of agricultural production that reflected negatively reality of living social issues that still need extensive studies

This paper deals with one of the personalities of the monarchy in lraq (1921/1958 ) , Turn parliamentary work at the end of 1943 as he became a representative of a brigade of Hilla in the Iraqi Council of Representatives for its tenth session ,and a Representatives of the Baghdad Brigade at its eleventh session and had his interventions and his comments and his views a big impact in the topics discussed by the parliament . Was also a member of the constitutional parliamentary opposition front formed by a group of deputies in the Chamber of Deputies after the Second World War , Did not last long in his political and parliamentary , as l,ve realized away on the nineteenth of January 1952 , had not exceeded sixty years of age .

The animal has shared its human existence and existence on the face of the earth. The animal has shared its spatial space with it since its existence on this earth. The animals have returned from the most living organisms to the human, and human contact with the animal has been harmful in the foot since it was eaten in its food. The relationship between man and animal is as old as history itself, and the choice of man to the animal closest to him and its domestication is based on the benefit that can be obtained from this animal or that, because man often seeks to employ his connections and links with other living things to serve and pour in his favor.
The ancient Iraqis noted the characteristics that distinguish animals from others, and showed them in their effects and exploits. Some of them symbolized deceit and deceit, such as foxes, and each other symbolized the fulfillment, like a dog, and others of oppression and strength, like lion.
The knowledge of the ancient Iraqis about the animal, and its psychology, made them resemble the actions of some people, and their disregard for animal qualities, warning them or criticizing them or praising them, which we find in many literature and proverbs.

the time of Muwattalli’s death, perhaps shortly after these events, Hattusili’s status and influence, and the powers accorded him, must have set him far above all others amongst the king’s subjects. Not without good reason. He had played an important role in Syria, he had confounded the attempts of his personal enemies to discredit him, and most importantly he had brought some measure of peace and stability to the northern regions of the kingdom. Thus when the king died without leaving a male heir of the first rank, he might have been sorely tempted to claim the throne for himself.
a reasonably harmonious relationship between Urhi-Teshub and his uncle eventually turned sour. Unfortunately, we have only Hattusili’s version of the reasons for this, a version which predictably assigns all blame to Urhi-Teshub.According to Hattusili, his nephew’s jealousy was the chief cause of the increasing hostility between them:
‘When Urhi-Teshub saw the goddess’s goodwill towards me, he envied me and sought to do me harm. He took away from me all my subjects. Further, he took away from me all the depopulated lands which I had resettled and made me weak’
In actual fact, Urhi-Teshub probably had good reason for distrusting his uncle, to the point where he was forced to strip him of much of his power. There was no denying the substantial contributions Hattusili The Ill-Fated Reign of the Second-Rank Son had made to the kingdom, particularly in strengthening the northern regions against enemy attack, and recapturing and resettling areas which had long been under enemy control and occupation. Further, in the early days of Urhi-Teshub’s reign one of Hattusili’s crowning achievements had been the reoccupation and rebuilding of the holy city of Nerik, which had been captured and sacked by the Kaskans during the reign of Hantili II some 200 years earlier, and left in ruins since that time.
ended in a decisive defeat for Urhi-Teshub. He had managed to reach Samuha, where he established his base. But Hattusili placed the city under siege, and eventually forcing his surrender. Urhi-Teshub had left Hattusa
as the king of the Hittite realm. He now suVered the ignominy of returning to the city as his uncle’s prisoner, probably only a few years after he had assumed the royal power.He was formally deposed, and his uncle seized the throne.

When Reza Khan ruled, he ruled the country with a harsh rule in which he tried to
impose his control and tried to modernize the Iranian society. He issued several resolutions to alienate Iran, the most important of which was the law of revealing the headscarf and banning women from wearing headscarves. In particular, the scholars of Najaf issued decisions and fatwas to force the shah to retreat, but the shah did not retreat but worked to fight clerics and denied some and imprisoned others. Both al-Isfahani and the nai'i urged the Iranian people to stand up E against Reza Khan and actually sit-ins and demonstrations have spread everywhere and the incident was the essence of shad accidents that have raised Najaf scientists strongly, and they keep on rallying people against the government and had Kashani and Haeri positions led approaching for the government of satisfaction that was resigned after about the inability of the country's administration

The International development which the Iranian boredom in the early twentieth century had come up with, anew situation was reflected clearly by it's foreign policy which comes with the German desire to find a footprint in the middle east in general and in Iran in particular and this had brings them close together especially during the years of the constitutional revolution between the years (1906-1911) so and because of all the above our research is writhen to be am attempt to follow the German attitude from the constitutionalists during their revolution and to know the impact of this on the Iranian ground and also on the revolution path.

ment, because most of communications sector run from outside the country. Also, without information; The journalist couldn't enjoy his right of free expression. in other words, he will not be able to take decisions or manage journalism unless he have access of information outside what he can obtain from official sources(Government and her institutions). So ( The right of access to information) is a new human right codified by most states in their constitutions in the first chapter which dedicate to (basics rights and freedoms).

The role of civil society organizations in establishing
Principles of Democracy and Human Rights in Iraq
Conclusion
There is no doubt that the recent changes in the Iraqi society have left their effects on the image of the Iraqi scene in general and created new situations that covered all aspects of public life. The share of these variables was clear and clear to civil institutions (parties, federations, radio and television, newspapers, magazines, And sports clubs, etc.). This has been demonstrated at various levels and although many of them are new, still in embryonic development, it is in one way or another a natural nucleus for the next civil society in Iraq. In democratic and political life in the country
Since the fall of the former regime and the entry of the occupation forces, Iraq has witnessed the birth of a large number of non-governmental organizations working in various fields from the defense of human rights to the protection of the environment to the defense of women, children and displaced persons. The majority of these organizations live in a similar situation And the numbers in the Iraqi Ministry of Planning about the hundreds of these organizations registered with them and a large part of them under the banner of the Federation of Iraqi humanitarian organizations and associations and others are included under the banner of the Iraqi Commission for Community Institutions Tide In addition to the associations and organizations emanating from within the political parties operating in the Iraqi arena or one of its propaganda fronts or emanating from the religious organizations.
Iraq has passed through, as we said before, since the establishment of the Iraqi Central State since the last century until its collapse in 2003 by the occupation forces at various stages. The Iraqi state and the republic were not in all stages and directions of state for real civil society. And the subsequent events that have made Iraq live for 45 years without a permanent constitution and at the mercy of military coups and the imposition of the forces that imposed themselves on the Iraqi people Which ended all aspiration for pluralistic civil society and abolished the role of the individual and society in making decisions that serve and benefit them. In some of these stages, civil society institutions such as unions, associations or political gatherings have been established. They follow the holistic perspective, all of which belong to the state, as if they are governmental institutions. They are actually governmental institutions, because they operate in the same manner as government departments. Freedom of choice or freedom of decision. The Iraqi citizen is not accustomed to exercising his role as a free citizen in an open civil society, whether individually or within political organizations. Any social or political initiative, individual or collective awakening all the memories of repression and terrorism and detention centers, we see that the process of birth and activation of civil society institutions will be a bit difficult, the initiative of many of these institutions are missing because some of them used to receive instructions and implementation of Without having the freedom to make decisions because they are characterized by dependency and dependence, so the process of developing their situation needs some time and after the stabilization of political, economic, social and security.
The research reached a number of conclusions, including:
1-Under the new Iraqi political system, civil society organizations are newly formed and some have been based on previous professional and social organizations.
In light of the results, the researcher made a number of recommendations, including:
1- Develop programs to develop and strengthen civil society organizations and build their capacities and contribute to the establishment of specialized professional centers to help consolidate the principles of democracy and human rights.