Kerbala International Journal of Management and Economics

Abstract
This research aims to demonstrate the effect of strategic improvisation on contextual Ambidexterity at the level of the Kafeel Specialist Hospital. In order to achieve this, the strategic improvisation variable was measured in three sub dimensions (Creativity , spontaneity, and intuition), while contextual Ambidexterity variable was measured in two dimensions (Exploration activities, And Exploitation activities). The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting study data and information as well as some personal interviews with the sample members who were represented by a group of medical and health cadres in the researched organization, as the sample reached (172) individuals. For the purpose of analyzing data and statistically processing it, the study relied on a set of appropriate statistical methods like Statistical Program (AMOS, V.21) and Statistical Program (SPSS, V.20) , and a set of conclusions has been reached, the most important of which is that the concept of strategic improvisation is seen as a new model for rapid learning, adaptation and strategic innovation, and that the building of contextual Ambidexterity is done by developing behaviors that are able to explore and Exploite in At one time, add to that a significant effect of strategic improvisation on contextual Ambidexterity . A set of recommendations was reached, the most prominent of which is that the Kafeel Specialist Hospital must employ improvisation dimensions (Creativity, spontaneity, intuition) in all its activities and decisions in order to realize more opportunities and enhance the dimensions of contextual Ambidexterity and the need to apply them in hospitals in a manner consistent with their nature and cultures.

The research aimed to investigate the Impact organizational memory in organizational improvisation. The Police Directorate was chosen as a field for testing the research problem, which includes questions about the level of organizational memory and organizational improvisation in this directorate, the nature of the relationship between them and the effect of organizational memory on organizational improvisation. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in the collection of information. To achieve this research was conducted on a random sample of (30)item. The statistical package for social sciences(SPSS)was used to analyze and examine the hypotheses. The researcher used many statistical methods to achieve the research objectives, such as simple, multi regression and the results showed the presence of a statistically significant effect between the dimensions of organizational memory (organizational structure, rules and procedures) and the dimensions of organizational improvisation (creativity, action orientation).

Abstract.
Two dimensions wear interacted to form the theoretical and field framework for current study, which are: (E- marketing employing , social services), the current study indicated to employing E- marketing is the means that enhance the spread of social service to achieve the beneficiaries in a wider, faster, less cost and effort it's also, and strengthensAbstract.
Two dimensions wear interacted to form the theoretical and field framework for current study, which are: (E- marketing employing , social services), the current study indicated to employing E- marketing is the means that enhance the spread of social service to achieve the beneficiaries in a wider, faster, less cost and effort it's also, and strengthens the nature of communication and interaction with them. And hear their complaints in a way that enhances quality in everything, especially in social service which presented in different roles and social missions as: educational, medical, care form the handicapped, child and maternal care, orphan care, war victims, the field of martyrs, juvenile care, the field of caring for adult prisoners The industrial or labor field, the field of crime victims, and other other fields.
The study sample was represented of group of social care beneficiaries in order to conduct the field side of the study, since they are in direct contact with organizations and associations that provide social services. The researcher sought to include a number of questions which expressing of study problem, which are becoming abase of study field side, the most important are:
1.Is the beneficiaries realize that most important aspect of employing e-marketing during social services Submit?
2.Is E- marketing contribute in supporting the delivery and Submit of social services?
In order To answer precious questions, a researcher formulated study hypothetical scheme which reflects the relation and effects between the two dimensions of the study were formulated, which resulted in a set of main and sub-hypotheses which tested by using a number of statistical tools for the data collected through a questionnaire that was distributed to (180) beneficiaries and (171) of them were recoerced . The study achieved a group of conclusions that were specialized in the field side, the most important of which are:
1.Through the results of the description of the dimensions and variables of the search and from the viewpoint of the respondents, we note that the social services offered through electronic marketing are not obtained with the utmost accuracy through the internet, This may be the result of non- disclosure all information or detailed information about the nature of social services that take into account the degree of the respondents ’understanding of them.
2., the researched organizations From the beneficiaries' point of view strengthen their social services based on their marketing of services by employing e-marketing, confirming that the importance of taking advantage of the distinctive features of e-marketing in the field of social services marketing and considering it an important basis for achieving the beneficiaries ’satisfaction.
Depending on conclusions reached by the study, both theoretical and field, proposals consistent with these conclusions were presented, as well as proposals for future studies related to the dimensions of the current study..
Keywords: e-marketing, social services.
the nature of communication and interaction with them. And hear their complaints in a way that enhances quality in everything, especially in social service which presented in different roles and social missions as: educational, medical, care form the handicapped, child and maternal care, orphan care, war victims, the field of martyrs, juvenile care, the field of caring for adult prisoners The industrial or labor field, the field of crime victims, and other other fields.
The study sample was represented of group of social care beneficiaries in order to conduct the field side of the study, since they are in direct contact with organizations and associations that provide social services. The researcher sought to include a number of questions which expressing of study problem, which are becoming abase of study field side, the most important are:
1.Is the beneficiaries realize that most important aspect of employing e-marketing during social services Submit?
2.Is E- marketing contribute in supporting the delivery and Submit of social services?
In order To answer precious questions, a researcher formulated study hypothetical scheme which reflects the relation and effects between the two dimensions of the study were formulated, which resulted in a set of main and sub-hypotheses which tested by using a number of statistical tools for the data collected through a questionnaire that was distributed to (180) beneficiaries and (171) of them were recoerced . The study achieved a group of conclusions that were specialized in the field side, the most important of which are:
1.Through the results of the description of the dimensions and variables of the search and from the viewpoint of the respondents, we note that the social services offered through electronic marketing are not obtained with the utmost accuracy through the internet, This may be the result of non- disclosure all information or detailed information about the nature of social services that take into account the degree of the respondents ’understanding of them.
2., the researched organizations From the beneficiaries' point of view strengthen their social services based on their marketing of services by employing e-marketing, confirming that the importance of taking advantage of the distinctive features of e-marketing in the field of social services marketing and considering it an important basis for achieving the beneficiaries ’satisfaction.
Depending on conclusions reached by the study, both theoretical and field, proposals consistent with these conclusions were presented, as well as proposals for future studies related to the dimensions of the current study..
Keywords: e-marketing, social services.

Abstract
Many researchers and administrative literature theorists have focused on the productivity of organizations and more focused on organizational efficiency. The literature included a wide stream of research that contributed to the research of testing the individual (characteristics) and organizational variables that affect organizational efficiency, Therefore, the current research aims to test the effect of Social Loafing and deviant work behavior on organizational efficiency, by applying it to a sample of nurses in (Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children) using the questionnaire as a tool to collect data that included (156) respondents in different department of the hospital, and using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, V.25) in testing the research hypotheses and the statistical description of the research sample, Among the most important conclusions reached by the research is that social loitering behaviors are common among nurses, albeit not very high, and also shows a quasi-neutrality among nurses on the extent of deviant work behaviors in the hospital. The research was concluded with several recommendations, the most prominent of which is that great importance is given to this type of behavior when It has a clear negative impact on the hospital’s efficiency.

Abstract

Psychological ownership can be considered as one of the methods of stimulation and creation of motivation for individuals in the organization. Individuals' ownership will be reflected in their performance; and thus affects the quality of the output results of the organization as a whole. Our aim during this study is to identify the theoretical frameworks of psychological ownership, in addition to the job performance and its quality. Then we proceeded to determine the implications of psychological ownership in the quality of job performance. The present study was performed in Mosul University, by measuring psychological ownership "toward the organization" and it’s seven dimensions(self identity , self efficacy , belongingness , accountability , autonomy , responsibility , territorial) ; in addition to measuring the quality of performance through it’s four dimensions (quality of work; quantity of work performed; knowledge and commitment in job requirements ; perseverance and confidence) to define it’s quality. That was done through a questionnaire which was distributed to a sample of administrative leaders (Dean, Assistant Dean, Head of Department)in Mosul University. Data analysis utilising (percentages , frequencies, RII, correlation, regression, variance) calculated by (SPSS V.25) , we managed to determine percentages of frequencies and relative importance index. we monitored the correlations, influence and variance, and concluded that the correlation was positive. Regression analysis indicated a significant effect; in addition to variance. In consequence of the present data, a set of conclusions and recommendations were defined; Most notably, investing in psychological ownership property and being well-directed lead to a better performance quality. And one degree increment psychological ownership led to increment (0.496) in job performance quality.

Abstract
Unemployment is one of the major problems that most countries suffer from, whether developed or developing, including Iraq, and it is imperative to find ways to eliminate or reduce the negative effects of unemployment and one of the most important of these methods is the spending policy, as the research aims to clarify the relationship between public spending and unemployment rates In Iraq for the period 2003-2017, the research included three topics, the first of which was concerned with the theoretical aspect of public spending, while the second topic dealt with the problem of unemployment in terms of its definition, concept, causes, and proposals for solving this problem. Linear regression model to demonstrate this, and the results showed a significant relationship between public spending and unemployment rates in Iraq, but in spite of that, it was not able to reduce unemployment rates, as well as the high importance of consumer spending in relation to investment spending significantly, as it turned out that the Iraqi economy is suffering From disguised unemployment, as the estimates of the International Labor Organization indicate the unemployment rate in Iraq between a quarter and a third of the population, and other estimates indicate a It is more than half, and among the important recommendations that resulted from this research is to work actively to diversify sources of revenue and not be limited to the oil sector, as well as to encourage domestic and foreign investments to contribute to attracting employment, as well as the need to rationalize public spending and balance between the consumption and investment sides.

Abstract
The Aim Of The Research Is To Find Out The Extent To Which The Researched Banks Adopt The Competitive Intelligence Variable In Its Dimensions (Marketing Intelligence, Strategic Intelligence, Technological Intelligence) And Then Measure The Level Of Application Of The Service Quality Dimensions Of The SERVQUAL Model, Represented By (Material Aspects, Credibility, Response Speed, Safety, And Customer Understanding). A Questionnaire Form Was Used To Collect The Opinions Of A Sample Of Iraqi Banks Operating In Karbala, Distributed Among 6 Banks, To Verify The Research Hypotheses And Reach Its Objectives. The (Smart.Pls) Program Was Used In Building And Testing Measurement Models To Verify The Validity And Reliability Of The Scale, And The Second Building And Testing The Structural Model, As Well As The (Spssv.25) Program For Hypothesis Testing. The Research Reached A Set Of Conclusions, The Most Important Of Which Is The Existence Of A Good Employment Of Competitive Intelligence Possessed By The Bank In Bringing About A Positive Change In The Quality Of Banking Service, While The Results On The Level Of Different Dimensions In Terms Of Competitive Intelligence Indicated To The Researcher That The Bank Did Not Employ Its Advantage In The Positive Impact On The Quality Of Service That It Is Presented While Strategic Intelligence And Technological Intelligence Achieved A Positive Impact Relationship With Enhancing Service Quality, Which Reflects Good Employment Of These Two Dimensions By The Bank.

Abstract:
The internal environmental analysis is considered one of the most important strategic planning steps, which enables bank administrations to form a clear and comprehensive idea of the amount of change in the factors of their internal environment, by discovering their strengths to work on strengthening them and weaknesses to work to address them or reduce their effects based on The results of that analysis, and in a way that enables them to compete and remain in the labor market, so this research came to highlight the importance of internal environmental analysis and its implications for the quality of banking service by applying to a group of commercial banks operating in the city of Nasiriyah, and according to a questionnaire designed for this purpose. Reaching a set of conclusions was the most important: is that the internal environmental analysis plays a major role in assessing the quality of banking services provided by the researched banks through its great role in diagnosing the strengths and weaknesses in their internal environment, which is thus reflected in the quality of their services provided to the customer, and in light of Those conclusions came as recommendations, the most important of which were: It is necessary to create a department or unit within the organizational structure of the bank whose mission is to strategically plan the work of the bank and Including environmental analysis, both internal and external, and in a way that enables it to keep pace with developments in the two environments.

Abstract
Given what foreign direct investment (FDI) enjoys worldwide through the employment of foreign capital to serve the economic development process with increasing influence of this type of investment in the economies of developing and emerging countries, the research worked on subjecting financial markets to a detailed analysis of the extent of the impact of foreign investment in them and the type of relationship Which is linked to it through each of (trading volume, trading value, and volume of transactions) after considering financial investment in shares at a rate of 10% as a type of direct investment, which allows the independent variable of its spread to deal in the relevant market.
he most important conclusions reached by the researcher were represented by the prominent impact achieved by (FDI) on the Iraqi financial market on the value of circulation in particular, although Iraq does not have an effective financial market at the level of the national economy, and this matter is an indicator that must be taken into account about the movement of foreign capital on The economic level as an important recommendation must be given due importance.

Abstract
This research aims mainly to display the role and importance of one of the basic issues in the banking sector, which is integration as one of the most important solutions that small and faltering financial institutions resort to face a set of challenges and financial crises that cast an over the work of these banks, which makes many financial institutions think seriously in The merger process and the formation of financial entities with great potentials capable of overcoming crises in a manner that is reflected in achieving the best financial returns and enhancing competitive position to achieve banking efficiency. As two AL-khalijia banks were selected and the indicators of the (CAMELS) model were analyzed and used before and after the merger, as the research problem lies in explaining the role of the banking merger process in enhancing and raising banking efficiency, and these indicators of the efficiency index were analyzed, and the research concluded that mergers The research sample that took place among banks did not contribute to enhancing banking efficiency, on the basis of which the research hypothesis was rejected, and the paper also reached recommendations, the most important of which is that banks seek the research sample to maximize and diversify their financial investments in a way that contributes to maximizing their financial revenues

Abstract
The aim of the research is to demonstrate the impact of human capital dimensions on the performance of internal auditing at the University of Mosul, The sample of the study was represented by internal auditors working in the departments and divisions of control and internal auditing at the University of Mosul, The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach by relying on the questionnaire form and analyzing it using the statistical analysis program (spss), The results of the research revealed that the correlation was positive between the dimensions of human capital on the performance of internal auditing, The research was concluded with recommendations, the most important of which is working on developing audit cadres in using electronic technical means in their field of work and moving away as much as possible from traditional means to reach accurate results.

Abstract:
In this paper, the effect of salts and Karrikin hormone in the length of the root of the radish plant was studied, using a factorial experiment according to the completely randomize block design (4 × 4 × 4). The experiment depends on local radish seeds available in the market. Radish seeds marinate for different periods of time in concentrations Different from the hormone Karrikin in the presence of different salt concentrations.
The results showed significant differences in the response of the root length of the radish plant to the treatments that were used in the experiment.
Salt had a negative effect on the root length of the radish plant, while the Karrikinhad a positive effect on the root length of the radish plant.