Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection

This study was carried out to study four types of herbs and spices: cumin fruits (cuminum cyminum), Black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum), Sage leaves (Salvia officinalis) and Pinus needles (Pinus halipensis), which they belong to these family: Umbellifrae, Piperaceae, Labiatae and Pinaceae respectively. The result of primary chemical characterization showed that all test plants Contain some active ingredients that included: Glycosides, Flavonoides, Risens and Alkaloids.
Ethanol extracts For each plant were tested or examined for Antimicrobial activity toward the bacteria: gram positive bacteria like Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sterothermophilis and gram negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. Disk diffusion method was used to test antibacterial activity. The results showed that antimicrobial activity depend on kind of extract and tested microorganism. The Inhibition zone of ethanolic extracts against bacteria ranged between (0-0.9) cm for cumin, (0.1-1.8) cm for black pepper, (0-0.7) cm for sage and (0-1.4) cm for pinus needles. From this result the black pepper ethanolic extract was the best as antibacterial agent compared with other plant extracts, and because it recorded a highest rate of inhibition zone toward study bacteria. As there is no inhibition activity from the other plant extracts toward Klebsiella pneumoniae. The sage ethanolic extract was not active at Bacillus sterothermophilis and Proteus mirabilus, pinus ethanolic extract was not active at Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the thyroxin and the aqueous extract of Borage (Borage officinalis) a lone or when they are given together on the activity of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in neutrophils.
A total of 35 mature male Swiss albino mice was used in this study. Animals were divided them into two main groups as follows:
* The First Group: this group contains four sub groups which were treated for 11 day.
Animals weights were measured before the start of the experiments, and these sub groups were:
1. A group treated via thyroxin (subcutaneous) (G1) with concentration 0.2 mg/kg.
2. A group treated with administration with 0.5 ml of the aqueous extract of Borage (G2) with concentration 6 gm/100 ml.
3. A group treated with thyroxin and Borage together (G3).
4. The control group (G4) which was injected with distilled water (subcutaneous) of dose 0.9 ml.
* The Second Group: this group contains three sub groups treated for 22 day.
All the animals were weighted before experiments, and these sub groups were:
1. A group treated with thyroxin for 11 day then treated with Borage for 11 day too (G5).
2. A group treated with thyroxin for 11 day then the animals were left for 11 day too without any treatment (G6).
3. The control group (G7) which was injected with distilled water (subcutaneous) of dose 0.9 ml.
At the end of the treatment period the results showed Intensive enzymatic activity of (ALP) in the neutrophils of the (G1), and the (G6). While a moderate activity was found in the (G3). On other hand a normal activity of the enzyme was observed in the (G2, G4, G5, and G7).
We concluded from this study that the treatment with thyroxin induced hyperthyroidism of thyroid gland such the treatment lead to the appearance of an intensive enzymatic activity of (ALP) on the neutrophils, in the other hand the equeous extract of Borage could inhibit such effects of thyroxin on the (ALP) in the neutrophils.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of aqueous extract administration of the aqueous extract of Borage (Borage officinalis) in the function, histopathology, and ultra structure of the thyroid gland, as well as the levels of (T3, T4, TSH) hormones.
A total of 20 mature male Swiss albino mice were used and weighted before the experiment started. Animals were divided into two groups as following:
* Group One (G1): (Control group) contain 10 Animals were administration daily with 0.5 ml of distilled water for 11 day.
* Group Two (G2): Contain 10 Animals administration daily with 0.5 ml of the aqueous extract of Borage with concentration of 6 gm/100 ml for 11 day.
At the end of the experiment all animals were weighted and the following results were observed:
1. No significant changes were found in the mean weights of (G2) in comparison with the (G1).
2. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in T4 hormone level was found in (G2) in comparison with the (G1).
3. No significant changes were found in TSH hormone level in (G2) in comparison with the (G1).
4. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in T3 hormone level was found in the (G2) in comparison with the (G1).
5. Histological examination showed in the (G2) a normal histology appearance of the thyroid in comparison with the (G1) and the colloid reflects a scallope appearance.
So we concluded from this study that aqueous extract of Borage had no negative effects in the structure and function of the thyroid gland.

This study was conducted to determine the effect market type in Baghdad on chemical composition and average number of total aerobic and anaerobic, coliform, Salmonella and staphylococcus Bacteria of frozen fish. The data obtained revealed that average of moisture was increased, in sample of Al-fatheleia city more than in sample from AL-sader city and new Baghdad 84.37, 81.83 and 78.83% respectively. The study also that showed protein percentage increased in the sample of new Baghdad more than in AL-fathele and AL- sader city 9.46, 8.14 and 7.35% respectively. But the results showed increase in percentage of fat in sample of New Baghdad and Al-sader sample but at fathyleia it showed lower percentage 4.05, 2.82 and 1.87% respectively, the ash showed in Al-sader city 8% and new Baghdad city 7.66% and at Al-fatheleia it was lower 5.62%.
The total anaerobic and aerobic count, staphylococcus, coliform bacteria were highly in frozen fish marketed in Al-sadire and Al- fatheleia- city.
The average count of total aerobic, anerobic, coliform bacteria and staplylococcus of fish at retail stores in new-baghdad was less in comparism with Al-sadire and AL- fatheleia city.

Physical tests (cooking loss, thawing loss, water holding capacity and determination of myoglobin), an inspection of residual antibiotics and radiation analysis were carried out on imported frozen chicken thighs that were available at the whole sale and retailed markets in Baghdad, with the aim to evaluate their fitness to quality standards and their human consumption. The study reached the following results: There were significant differences (P<0.05) between samples of whole sale or retailed market. There were significant differences (P<0.01) between samples of whole sale and retailed market in the cooking loss test for Country Corner trademark; in the cooking loss and thawing loss tests (P<0.05) for Koch trademark. There were also significant differences (P<0.05) between three trademarks (Country Corner, Koch and Wafeer). There antibiotics were not detected in the tested samples of chicken thighs. The chicken thigh samples were radiation free, however, a radiation activity of K+ 40 was detected but it was within the accepted range.

Iraqi economy suffers since a long time from the continuous increasing in the public price level. This increasing covers most types of goods and services and leave its negative impacts on the total economic activity.
The research depended on the standard number for consumer prices for the year 2000 as the most important static's tools used in inflation measurement.
Research period 2000–2008 was characterized by big increasing in prices of some main goods groups that enter in index numbers a counting for the year 2008, and the most important one is fuel which reached 2509,9% and the rent 1665,3%, transportation 554,2% to form a contribution in inflation rate 12,7, 46,2 and, 6,6% respectively the study showed the social cones quinces of pnice increase or people of low or fixed in come from the continuous price increasing especially on the people whom have limited or steady income.

Tourism and enviroment consider one of the topics that were still controversial in their multi secretion, and give the administration new dimentions and composed acomplex roles, which promoting administration to turn in their concerns about sustainability, as the tourism industry has become sustainable, effective and produce significant and positive impact on all aspects of environmental economics and the importance of the special relationship between the tourism industry and the environment within the department of enviromental policy. Where the tourism industry itself relies heavily on the quality and the enviroment that can be made through a product for which tourism could make tourists who are looking for attractive, unpoluted places to visit and help the community to be more aware to participate in the preservation of the enviroment by tourism activities and an ally of the environmental conservation .
Researchers deal with the principles of the research and put atheortical framework consist of many variables that deal with tourism and enviroment and explain mutual relationship between them positvily and negativly which contribute in frame the realistic picture of tourism and enviroment which exposed challenges and changes effectivly prevent it from sustainability researchers conclude list of conclusion and recommendation focus on enviroment preservation and relationship between tourism and enviroment and its common horizons.

The research Review the reality of the social protection network and the mechanisms of its work by identifying the historical stages of social activity in Iraq and the categories covered by the program as well as obstacles of work according to the standard by which the breadwinner gets on social assistance, and includes a proposed research program with some recommendations for activating the work of the social protection network.

The existence of chronic diseases result of many social and economic effects , the economic effects are represnting in many figures like the disability of patients in many cases in sustenance himself and disability of taking care of his family and bearing social burden.also the economic effects are to oblige the government to specification enormous rate from spending balance to support those patients which is called social protection system , economic effects also contain the weakness of patients participation to achieve the national income and that means in the end increasing in the rate of those whow depend in their live on deducte a part of national income and leads to deprive economy from sources that could be employ in productive fields.
The social effects for the chronic diseases persons also arise after the increasing in treatment costs and disability of many families to bear these costs and that force some of families to leave their patient without treatment and bear problems of some patients or leave the patients make streets home for them.

The subject of consumer behavior toward drugs and analyzing it and trying know its reasons is considered to be one of the important subject for firm involved in drug industry physicians pharmacists, and the consumer himself since it directly related to the life of citizen therefore, the researchers have tried to handle this subject and analytical exploiters study for the opinions of sample of 315 consumers, and the research tried to get into five pivots talked about the purchasing power of the consumer, the consuming and dedicative providing drugs, the control of drugs, and the governmental legislations and finally diverse questions and suggestions, and the theoretical part consider the concept of consumer and his purchasing behavior and the factors affecting the consumer behavior, the theories of consumer behavior the phases of purchasing process for consumer and his purchasing drives.
The practical part analyzed the questionnaire mentioned through wing the frequencies techniques, percentages and the upper accumulated frequencies.
The researches reached several findings and conclusions which were the most important of them is the un appropriate ness of the price with the purchasing power of the consumers and the lack of the meditative and health consciousness of consumers and the workers of the governmental health supervise on drugs.
The research presented several recommendations which were the most important of them is the government support for the prices of the drugs sold in the market to enable all the citizens, and the necessity for reconsidering the legislations that regulate the tasks of pharmacies and the ways of buying drugs, and the necessity for establishing a health satellite channel managed by the Ministry of Health to spread the health and meditative consciousness of the consumers in addition to the necessity of activating the governmental supervision of drugs in the Iraqi market.

Azetidines were prepared by microwave-assisted reaction between curcumin and primary amines or their acetates in the presence of Montmorilonite (K 10) as catalyst, the reaction was complete within few minutes and the yield depends on the amine used.

The study aimed to evaluate different factors on urogenital infections whether was fungal or bacterial and the association between urinary tract infection and vaginitis. The result showed that the incidence of urogenital infections revealed detectable increase among women using contraceptive pills or intrauterine contraceptive device, diabetic and pregnant women as well as women using douching to prevent pregnancy and among women using spermicide as a mean of contraception. The results of the associations between urinary tract infection and vaginitis revealed that women with vaginitis had an increased risk of urinary tract infections.

Antimicrobial properties of Lemon grass were investigated against both clinical and laboratory isolates of both bacteria and fungi using the disc diffusion method. Acetone extracts (15 mm zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 250 µg/mL and MBC 300 µg /mL) demonstrated the highest activity, followed by dichloromethane (7 mm zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 300 µg /mL and MBC 400 µg/mL), methane (7.5 mm diameter of inhibition, MIC 400 µg /mL and MBC 400 µg /mL) and hexane (5.8 mm zone zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 800 µg/mL and MBC 1000 µg/mL). Water extracts demonstrated the least activity against the test bacteria and fungi (4 mm zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 900 µg/mL and MBC 900 µg/mL). Phyto constituents present included Saponins, Tannins, Alkaloids and Flavonoids. Lemon grass can be used to source antibiotic substances for possible treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.