Journal of Education for Humanities

The study aims to explain the lineage of Al-Muttalib bin Abd Manaf and his family. They were from the ranks of the Quraysh, which had a major role in Islamic history. They were the supporters of the Islamic call at its beginning. They entered and were besieged with the Messenger (peace be upon him) and his people from Bani Hashim in the people of Abu Talib, and they left together, and that cooperation was reflected. Among themselves through intermarriage and taking from each other, in addition to their closeness to the Messenger (peace be upon him).

As for what follows:Undoubtedl Islamic law includes and includes everything that achieves happiness for man in all its forms. Because it is the conclusion of the laws that God Almighty has approved for us, and unanimously, Islamic law came to achieve the interests of the servants iny, In both worlds, and in recent times, many terms have appeared that should have been studied and adapted legally, and among these terms is the term (sustainable development); That is why this study was titled: ((Sustainable development is a vision A fundamentalist vision in light of the purposes of Sharia)) which is taking a purposeful look at the term sustainable development and its components, linking them, identifying its most important components, and looking at it from the purposeful side. This research will be organized in an introduction There are two sections and a conclusion: the first section: introducing the vocabulary of the title, and the second section: components of sustainable development from a fundamental view in light of the objectives of Sharia, and a conclusion that included the most important results, and a list of sources and references.

Plato was the first to address the issue of population. He believed that the size of the population should be proportional to the geographical area and the community's defense needs. According to his perspective. the ideal city size should be small. and its population size should remain constant. On the other hand. Aristotle emphasized the need to limit population growth. He argued that an increase in population size relative to the area would lead to the spread of poverty due to the expansion of land use. Population studies are crucial in today's world. especially in the fields of social and natural sciences. To achieve the study's goals in this area. researchers must rely on population statistical data. which serves as the primary material for scientific methodology. Understanding the current population reality and predicting future trends are priorities for economic. social. and educational planning. including workforce planning.

This research deals with the subject of the partial objectives of stipulating the dowry in the marriage contract in the book Fath al-Qadeer, where the focus is on the partial objective on which Imam Ibn al-Hammam built the jurisprudential branches in his book Fath al-Qadeer, and then mentioned the sayings of scholars that support what Ibn al-Hammam argued Then, the partial purpose of the dowry in the marriage contract is to demonstrate the honor of the contract and demonstrate its danger. This is because of the effects, rights and duties it entails, and the dowry is one of the wife’s rights, and the purpose of offering the dowry to her is; Out of pride, honor and appreciation for her, and a declaration of his desire to seek marriage with her, and to bring pleasure to her, and by it the law guarantees that the contract will not be negligent and respected. In addition to that, it is desirable to make the dowries easy and to make its expenses easy, and not to go to extremes in it, because by it marriage is achieved, and by it the immunity of young men and women prevails, and by it Weaken evil and corrupt impulses, thus ensuring the individual’s well-being and society.
 

The urban aspects are among the most important aspects that witnessed rapid development in the areas adjacent to the city of Ramadi, resulting from the nature of the transformations that took place in the lifestyle, especially after 2003 and the events that the country witnessed. The main goal of the study is to identify the nature of the urban structure and economic activities, including Change in the residential area of the Al-Sajaria area according to the study sample. The 250 m2 category occupied the highest area percentage, amounting to 57.5%. The occupancy rate for families in the first category was 68%. Single-storey Sunni units topped the list with 62.6% of the total , Educational use occupies an important aspect in the region, as the number of schools reached eight schools distributed among all educational levels, distributed among (6) buildings, with a total number of students amounting to 1,639 students. Among the most important services is water, with four stations, each with an area of 600 m2, and agricultural use is considered one of the most important. The area covers an area of 520 dunams, and the Sijaria area suffers from neglect in service aspects in general, compared to the population of 11,790 people.

The research aims to identify (the effect of the Red Sub model on the achievement of fifth-grade middle school female students in the Arabic language subject). The researchers adopted an experimental design, where the current research population consists of fifth-grade literary students in girls’ secondary and preparatory morning schools in the center of Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024) (The first semester), where the research sample was (43) students, Al-Ma’rifa Preparatory School for Girls, with (22) students, represented the experimental group, which studied using the (Red Sub) model, and Al-Tala’i Preparatory Girls, with (21) students, represented the control group, which It was taught in the usual way. The researchers rewarded the two research groups on a number of related variables. Behavioral objectives were formulated for the topics of literature and texts. They were (60) behavioral objectives distributed on Bloom’s levels (remembering, understanding, application, analysis), and (16) teaching plans were prepared to teach My research group.
The researchers prepared an achievement test (post-test) on the topics of literature and texts, where the researcher specified (32) test items and the test was characterized by honesty and consistency. The experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2023-2024) and after collecting data and analyzing it statistically using the necessary statistical methods on the statistical program Spss, I reached The study yields the following results: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the female students of the experimental group who study according to the Red Sub model and the average scores of the female students of the control group who study according to the regular method in the post-achievement test.
In light of the research results, a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals were reached
 

The research aims to use the dynamic platform (Resource Watch), which is a free and open-source platform (resourcewatch.org). To prepare maps and analyze data, the researchers decided to choose a number of climate indicators of geographical importance due to their relationship to human activities such as indicators (drought, rain, carbon footprint, air quality) directly and for different periods. The research reviews the definition of the dynamic platform, the content of the database, the most important geographical topics and their indicators, which depend on reliable global data sources (WRI). Maps were produced according to each indicator and their data and sources were displayed. The research concluded that this platform and its various applications can be invested with the global database of geographical phenomena, including climate, resource monitoring, land cover, oceans, forests, and regulatory indicators for sustainable energy...etc. at the state level, including Iraq. Therefore, geographical maps can be prepared based on open data, and their indicators can be analyzed, according to the case study, to be a field for researchers in other studies.

Feminist movements are one of the most prominent topics that have emerged in recent times. Women have suffered for centuries from exclusion and deliberate marginalization in all aspects of social life. Some women began to appear who refused to live in such a reality imposed on them and began to move by organizing movements and organizations. It calls for women's rights and equality with men. The years after the World War were not what women expected after the sacrifices they made and the situations in which they proved themselves that they could work like men. Women were forced to leave their jobs at the end of the war and the practiced policy of marginalization was reinstated. With women before the war, women suffered during the fifth decade from marginalization and exclusion, as newspapers and magazines began writing articles explaining to women their role as wives and mothers. Educational opportunities also decreased, and women began to leave university to get married after they had been struggling to obtain an opportunity in higher education. The fifties were extremely frustrating for women, especially with government and societal pressure to end their role in work and education.

This research, titled “The Siege of Constantinople and its Impact on the Conduct of Islamic Military Campaigns with the Byzantine Empire, aims to be a historical study through my book (The History of Zouknini and the History of Ilya Barshenaya) to demonstrate the impact of the failure of the Siege of Constantinople on the conduct of military operations and its impact on the conditions of the two warring states and the extent of the influence of the Arab state. The Islamic Empire continues to send campaigns to the Romans, as well as clarifying the position of the Byzantine Empire on this failure, which brought it a moral gain and a great incentive to think again about standing again against the attacks of the Muslim Arabs and transferring the conflict with them to the borders after it had been breathing its last breaths in defending the capital, and that Presenting this study in this field seems to be a must, especially if the researcher relied in his information to record its details on sources recorded by historians of non-Islamic religions who wrote their works in the Syriac language.

The novel is an expansive textual space and an extended imaginative world. It is the literary genre most capable of representing and embodying ideology, and because it is so, it has participated in an act in shaping awareness and molding the ideas. Therefore, because of the Art tools and seductiveness that are available to it, it lures the reader and forces him to accept the ideas that it presents. In other words: There are novels that exercise authority (linguistic and visual) over their readers to mislead their thoughts, with narratives that are carefully composed of fiction and reality.
The importance of this study comes from the fact that it reveals to those interested in correcting ideas and enlightening minds, the tricks of others in creating false awareness, and this is only possible by achieving cognitive criticism, which ensures that those interested are informed of the process of language adaptation by novel writers, leading to power and hegemony. The study takes the novel (Al-Mulhid) by (Abdul Baqi Youssef) as a way to reveal what is hidden and expose the implied meaning, by demonstrating the artistic and linguistic mechanisms of seduction and persuasion that the novel intended to win over the reader and mislead his awareness, whether regarding issues of atheism or other intellectual issues, as well as revealing the ideologies that stand Behind the speech, there is a hidden authority behind any narrative achievement, including this novel.

This research, entitled “The Book of Al-Ahd and Al-Mathani by Ibn Abi Asim (287 AH), a historical source,” aims to present the book, analyze its content, and explain its importance as a source for the study of Islamic history in the era of early Islam. There is no doubt that historical writing has preserved for us the events of history in general, due to the interest of scholars in writing throughout the ages. They left us a large legacy of works that differ in terms of breadth of information, validity, and accuracy. There is no doubt that such studies are among the matters worthy of attention because they provide a service to the Prophet’s biography and facilitate those who work with it. This research is only an attempt to participate in these studies, as the study deals with the definition of the Book of Ones. And the second in terms of naming and proving the book’s attribution to its work, the importance of the book historically, its general plan, its content, the motives for writing it, and the editions of the book.

This research deals with the partial purpose of the legislation of fasting according to Imam Al-Kamal Ibn Al-Hammam, and I followed the inductive and analytical approach, and it was divided into an introduction and two sections. The first section: - Defining the vocabulary of the title, and it includes four demands,As for the second section: the partial objectives of legislating fasting, it included two demands. These issues were studied and arranged in four stages, documenting Ibn al-Hammam’s words, then studying the issue, and finally concluding with a brief summary of the issue. Then I ended the research with a conclusion, which included the most important results that I reached, and then I mentioned The most important sources and references that I relied on in this research.

The Iraqi poet Yassin Taha Hafez offers a particular poetic preoccupation in his poem “Hidden Chapters from the Life of Amri al-Qais” , which is one of the poems of his collection What the Last Preachers Say, published in 2009. Characterized by length, the poem reached twenty five pages of the aforementioned collection. This poem manipulates the mask technique in its poetic structure in relation to vision and objectivity. It mingles the present the past to represent a kind of a temporal and spatial movement, the aim of which is to elucidate the situations that leave their impact on the human being as an individual and the loss of renewed versions of life, so that things turn into permanent sadness and inevitable loss, or salvation, the situation changes into a new hope the poet does not lose it. The poetic discourse of this poem brings the storytelling to the stage. It is sometimes subjective. In other times, it expresses public views or delivers a direct speech when the poetic position requires that. It may rely on Intertextuality as a method of construction. The ultimate goal in this poem is to criticize reality through a number of poetic images of that demonstrate the human crisis and the factors of failure and ruin that surround it, especially in his vision of political and social life. This may explain the reason behind the poet’s reliance on historical incidents and its characters and to be hidden behind them to declare a poetic vision that mimics reality and its authority.

This research included the partial purpose of retaliation according to Imam Ibn Al-Humam, and followed the inductive and analytical approach. It was divided into an introduction and two sections. The first section: defining the terms of the title, while the second section: the partial purpose of retaliation in an independent section. As for studying these issues and arranging them in three stages, documenting Ibn Al-Humam’s words and then studying the issue, and finally concluding with a brief summary of the issue, then concluding the research with a conclusion, including the most important results that were reached, then mentioning the most important sources and references that were relied upon in this research.

The research addresses the definition of the shops on the eastern side of the city of Baghdad ,especially since Baghdad was famous for its large shops in the early days of its establishment and development ,and what is related to the naming of these shops ,their geographical location, the political ,religious, social and cultural activity of these shops, and a statement of the distinguished scholars who belong to them who had a prominent role in life .Scientific, religious and political in Baghdad. These areas also witnessed the emergence of important social formations in first Abbasid era that played a prominent role in the public life of the city of Baghdad in particular . The research included an introduction and a number of points that it included talking about the shops of the eastern side the city of Baghdad in detail, as well as Appendices contain all the information related to the scholars of the eastern side of the city of Baghdad which included the names of the scholars, the places to which they belong ,their jobs , their sects, the year of their birth and death, the position they held, their works, and a conclusion in which we talked about the most important conclusions reached by the researcher .
 

This study was connected to identify the effect of using a measured strategy on the achievement of fifth-grade students in Islamic education ,and the research sample was limited to fifth-grade students from ALkhleeg ALarabi school as an experimental group and Zarara School as a control group ,for the academic Year 2023-2024.(76)students with (38) students in the experimental group and (38) students in the control group the researcher used the experimental desing with the two equivalent groups the researcher prepared an achievement test that was compatible with the vocabulary of the studay material for that stage the validity and reliability of the test were extracted by appropriate methods.the test was applied at the end of the experiment to measure achievement.the results showed the presence of significant differences. Statistics between the members of the two groups and for the benefit of the experimental group ,and in light of the results of thestudy,the researcher recommended the use of a strategy measured in teaching isiamic education for all stages of primary school.

The dealt with the concept of modernity in contemporary Arabic poetry, and identifying its roots in the West, then among the Arabs, whether the first path of renewal, which was in the Abbasid era, or the Arab modernity that appeared among both Arab poets and theorists, who were influenced by Western poetry and environment, so they transferred Western modernity in all its forms, without taking into consideration the difference between the Western environment and the Arab environment, only capable reference in perceiving the outside world, and moving in thought to the era of man as the center, and getting rid of commitment and heritage and everything that is. Arab modernity was based on an imitation of Western modernity as it is, without the slightest change in theory and application. Therefore, its effects could be observed on various aspects of life, especially on literature. Besides absence of objective dimensions of modernity and enlightenment among Westerners themselves generated chaos among the Arab modernists, too, as well as the inability of an Arab to define his identity and perspective of modernity, which created a crisis in the concept of modernity in Arabic contemporary poetry, and its effects also extended to the Arab public.

The Arab Islamic forces faced great difficulties until they were able to conquer the countries of the Islamic Maghreb. The conquest process took nearly seventy years. A number of famous leaders and governors played a major role in completing the liberation of the country, which was initiated by the governor. Egypt: Amr bin Al-Aas in the year 21 AH / 642 AD. In addition to the military conquests, there was a higher goal, which was to spread Islam and Arab culture. This was represented by the role of the followers and jurists who accompanied the military campaigns, and this was clear and evident in the caliphate of Omar bin Abdul Aziz (99-101 AH / 717 AD). -720 AD) When Ismail bin Abi Al-Muhajir took over the governorship of the Maghreb (100-102 AH / 718-720 AD), who was described as the best governor and the best prince. The interest of the Caliphate in the Levant was in appointing someone suitable for the governorship of the Maghreb, so the governor Ismail bin Abi Al-Muhajir was chosen as governor. Morocco was imposed on Morocco by Caliph Omar bin Abdul Aziz, out of his keenness to appoint someone who would treat the people of the liberated country well. The military campaigns were accompanied by quite a few followers and jurists who had a role in spreading Islam, and the mission of the Muslim conqueror was not limited to fighting and jihad for the sake of God. Not only that, but every Muslim fighter carries a message that is translated through the ethics of dealing with others.

تعد منظومة الضغط المرتفع السيبيري اقوى منظومة ضغطية مسيطرة فوق أجواء العراق خلال اشهر الشتاء ومعظم أيام اشهر فصل الربيع ، يظهر تأثيرها جليا على الانخفاض(التطرف) الحراري اليومي لكل شهر من اشهر الموسم المناخي الشتوي (2022- 2023 ) لا سيما درجات الحرارة الصغرى في محطة الموصل المناخية المختارة في البحث والدراسة ، فالتطرف هو عبارة عن حالة جوية متغيرة تكون على غير عادتها ، يتفاوت فيها معدل العنصر المناخي ارتفاعا وانخفاضا عن معدله الطبيعي ، اذ تم الاعتماد على المعدلات اليومية في محطة الموصل خلال موسم الدراسة و الصادرة عن قسم المناخ التابع الى الهيئة العامة للأنواء الجوية والرصد الزلزالي ، فضلا عن الاستعانة بتفسير الخريطة الطقسية اليومية الواردة من الإدارة الوطنية للمحيطات والغلاف الجوي لكل يوم من أيام التطرف لتتبع السبب المناخي وراء حدوث التطرف الحراري (الأيام المتطرفة الباردة) في محطة الموصل المناخية كما تباينت قوة المنظومة الضغطية السيبيرية السائدة في المستوى السطحي 1000مليبار ومعرفة مدى تعمقها او ضحالتها وفق كل حالة من أيام كل شهر، توصلت الباحثة إلى تباين عدد أيام (حالات) التطرف الحراري خلال الشهر الواحد لينفرد احد الأيام بتسجيل اعلى أو ادنى قيم التطرف ، اذ سجلت ادنى قيم التطرف في الأيام الباردة خلال شهر شباط في اليوم السابع عشر منه بمعدل (-3.8)ْم نتيجة تمركز المرتفع الجوي في المستوى السطحي 1000مليبار فوق مدينة بالموصل وتعمقه في المستوى الضغطي 850 مليبار يرافقه تقدم اخدود قطبي في مستوى 500 مليبار باتجاه العراق ومنطقة الدراسة مما سبب انخفاضا (تطرفا) واضحا في معدلات الحرارة الصغرى لذلك اليوم ، يليه التطرف الحراري البارد في اليوم الحادي عشر من شهر كانون الثاني بمقدار(-1.06)ْم ويعزى سبب ذلك إلى سيادة المرتفع السيبيري الاوراسي فوق السطح وتعمق تأثيره في المستوى العلوي 850 مليبار وتواجد النمط الضغطي المنبعج في مستوى منتصف التربوسفير ، اذ اسهمت الخصائص القطبية التي يحملها إسهاما فاعلا في خفض وتطرف معدل الحرارة الصغرى لذلك اليوم في محطة الموصل ، في حين سجل اعلى معدل للتطرف الحراري خلال الموسم في اليوم الخامس والعشرون من شهر تشرين الأول 2022 الذي يعد من الأشهر التي تمثل البدايات الأولى لدخول المرتفع الى أراضي العراق وبالتالي يكون تأثيره اقل شدة في حدوث التطرف في معدلات الحرارة الصغرى.

The intensity of gully erosion varies in the study area located in Akre district, depending on several factors, the most important of which are rock formations, as the resistance of rocks to erosion varies, which affects the intensity of gully erosion. The difference in slope directions also affects the speed of water flow, which affects the quality of the drainage network and its branches, not to mention The amount of rain affects the intensity of gully erosion. The density of vegetation cover protects the soil from erosion. All of these factors help to increase or decrease the degrees of gully erosion. The intensity of erosion was calculated using the Bergsma equation based on the Landsat satellite data taken on 7/8/ 2023 using the GIS 10.8 ARC program. They were classified according to their degrees of intensity, lengths, and percentages, which showed that the erosion system is considered one of the high erosion systems and is prevalent in the study area, as it constitutes (45.90%) of the total area of the region.

This research aims to identify the dry and wet seasons north of latitude (34) degrees in Iraq using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on climatic readings from ten climatic stations, as well as supplemental stations for spatial completion, for the period (1991-2022). Rainfall data was downloaded from the website:https://power.larc.nasa.gov/data
The research found that the Duhok station retained the highest rate for wet seasons, while the Haditha station retained the highest rate for dry seasons. The study period was divided into two climatic periods for comparison, and the results of the first climatic period (1991-2008) showed that dry seasons were the most frequent in most stations in the study area. As for the second climatic period (2009-2022), wet seasons tended to increase in most stations in the study area, with the moderate drought and moderate moisture categories being the most frequent during the study period.

The study defines - at the beginning - educational communication and shows its forms and manifestations, then reviews its constituent elements, and the study concludes its axes by clarifying the obstacles to educational communication.

The impact of climate change has a close relationship with the lack of rainfall in the study area. It has been observed in recent years that there has been a decrease in rainfall. which negatively affects the amounts of running water. natural vegetation. and an increase in barren areas and decertified areas. as climate data was collected for a period of time between (1980-2022). The climate stations available in Salah al-Din Governorate are (Baiji. Tikrit. Samarra. and Touz). and statistical equations were applied to find (the rate of change). The study found that there was a change in the amount of temperature and precipitation for each station. as it reached (1.21) degrees at Baiji station. The amount of rain decreased by (-20.66) mm. As for Tikrit station. the temperature change was (0.97) degrees and the amount of rain decrease was (-84.39) mm. As for Samarra station. the temperature change was (1.75) degrees and the amount of rain decrease was (-6.95) mm. station. In Touz. the temperature change was (0.90) degrees and the amount of decrease in the amount of rain was (-86.93). If it was the highest amount of decrease among the stations studied. it is noted that there is a discrepancy between the change in temperature and the amount of decrease in rain. and this is due to natural factors such as the location Station. rise and fall from sea level.

The study aims to reveal an important practical and realistic jurisprudential topic, because it is related to mentioning several aspects of the Shafi'i school of thought in ruling on a specific issue. In this research, I have dealt with the jurisprudential issues with seven aspects of the Shafi'i school of thought that Imam al-Nawawi mentioned in his book, Al-Majmu' min Dirasat Fiqhiyya on the Four Schools of Thought, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali, respectively. I have divided this research into an introduction and two sections. The first section includes the definition of the aspects, the author, and the author. The second section studies the jurisprudential issues in which seven aspects were mentioned, which are three issues, according to a logical arrangement as follows: a title for each issue, then its image, clarifying the place of disagreement, stating the reason for the disagreement, the statements of the jurists, the evidence and its discussion, and the preference, with a statement of its reason. Then I ended the message with a conclusion that includes the results, the most prominent of which is that the great Imam was named al-Nawawi in reference to Nawa in the works of Damascus, and if the issue is one of the different jurisprudential issues, then the Imam Al-Nawawi mentions the opinions of the Shafi’i imams and the opinions of the remaining four schools of thought, and he addresses these issues in a deductive manner. His deductions include: the Holy Qur’an, the Prophetic Sunnah, and reason. May God’s prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon all of his family and companions.The study aims to reveal an important practical and realistic jurisprudential topic, because it is related to mentioning several aspects of the Shafi'i school of thought in ruling on a specific issue. In this research, I have dealt with the jurisprudential issues with seven aspects of the Shafi'i school of thought that Imam al-Nawawi mentioned in his book, Al-Majmu' min Dirasat Fiqhiyya on the Four Schools of Thought, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali, respectively. I have divided this research into an introduction and two sections. The first section includes the definition of the aspects, the author, and the author. The second section studies the jurisprudential issues in which seven aspects were mentioned, which are three issues, according to a logical arrangement as follows: a title for each issue, then its image, clarifying the place of disagreement, stating the reason for the disagreement, the statements of the jurists, the evidence and its discussion, and the preference, with a statement of its reason. Then I ended the message with a conclusion that includes the results, the most prominent of which is that the great Imam was named al-Nawawi in reference to Nawa in the works of Damascus, and if the issue is one of the different jurisprudential issues, then the Imam Al-Nawawi mentions the opinions of the Shafi’i imams and the opinions of the remaining four schools of thought, and he addresses these issues in a deductive manner. His deductions include: the Holy Qur’an, the Prophetic Sunnah, and reason. May God’s prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon all of his family and companions.

The manuscript (Selected for the Reward of Actions) is considered one of the ancient manuscripts according to its author. It consists of twenty-two hundred pages (122), and each sheet contains two tablets, and the number of lines in each tablet is approximately twenty-five (25) lines, and in each line there are fifteen (15) A word, so I limited my research to paper (32), so I investigated it to show the importance of what was mentioned in it from the Prophet’s hadith, as well as for the sake of training in criticism and hadith extraction, to judge the hadith as authentic or weak, so it contained thirteen hadiths (13), including three hadiths. True, three good, and seven weak.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our noble Messenger Muhammad, and thereafter: Arabic language scholars, both ancient and modern, have devoted efforts to explain Ibn Malik’s Alfiya due to its significant impact on the hearts of teachers and learners. They approached it with explanations suitable for their era and time, following various educational methodologies in their presentation and explanation. From this, we took a beacon for studying two explanations from the modern commentators and comparing them, through which we recognize the methodological features followed in them to convey the scientific material. After that, the choice fell on two groups of prevalent explanations among modern commentators. The first: explanations extracted from audio tapes, represented by the explanation of Sheikh Ali bin Muhammad Al-Zamil (died: 1418 AH), and the second: printed explanations represented by the explanation of Professor Dr. Subaih bin Hamoud Al-Tamimi on Ibn Malik’s Alfiya; and because of the methodological characteristics that distinguish the explanations of Al-Zamil and Al-Tamimi, which we did not find combined in others, thus knowing the general methodological features in the explanations of modern commentators made them the focus of our research titled “General Methodological Features in the Explanations of Al-Zamil and Al-Tamimi - A Comparative Study-”. The study concluded that there is a systematic discrepancy between commentators that is consistent with presenting the millennium in our current era through two prevailing models in explaining the millennium.

Sheikh of Islam Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn al-Tahir ibn Muhammad al-Shazli ibn Ashour al-Sharif al-Tunisi (D.1393A.H.), who is ninety-seven years old. His interpretation of liberation and enlightenment is one of the best rhetorical interpretations in the modern era. Our master Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was mentioned in Surat al-Anbiya four times. Examples of resistance were mentioned. Polytheism and idolatry with evidence and explanation, and the Arabs claimed to be of his religion, may God bless him and grant him peace, so he set an example for them in his war on idols. God Almighty described him with multiple descriptions, including: righteousness, and honesty. Ibn Ashour believes that those who attended the dialogue with him wanted to degrade him, so they asked him to speak. So they turned the blame to themselves, and there was nothing left to fear for him except hostility, so they chose to burn him, and the People of the Book disagreed about him, so they attributed him to themselves, so God Almighty denied them, and saved him from his people when they threw him into the fire, and gave him his senses, so he became a set of examples among the nations, and took him as a friend and friend, and he only lied. Three lies, including his consent to slaughter his son, and his initiation of his action in obedience to his Lord, and in the Surah, a miracle for him, peace be upon him, which is his exit from the fire unharmed, so the fire was robbed of its burning power, and it was coolness and peace upon him, and his scriptures were not abrogated in any of the laws of the first and the afterlife.

Reform of the higher education system is one of the most important issues that have been of great attention by the world of the world, including Algeria, Because the reform of the Higher Educational system is working to improve the educational and educational process, in the process of relegation in the importance of the university system ranges rather, by engaging in the development and development of the country. That is why Algeria began to reform the higher education sector,to meet the requirements of the economic and social sector, which aspires to progress and prosperity, which is likely to be able to integrate to labor force in the labor force in the labor market and has the ability to renew and fare.

- The senses emerged greatly, and very greatly, in drawing the poetic image and shaping its aesthetics for the Sicilian poet. Especially in interrogating the visual and audio images and exploring their implications in drawing, expression, and shaping aesthetics. Especially since this image of the senses and the interplay of the senses in it becomes clearer and more numerous if we know that the Sicilian poet is a brilliant poet-illustrator who lived in a place rich in this image and influences from every side. It is not surprising that such images appear prominently and influential in his plastic means, and that he expresses them with this beauty of the whole scene, and the benevolence in beauty and its images, and conveys it to the reader through the influence of these senses in living, drawing, and evidence.

The BRICS bloc represents a forum for emerging powers that are not linked by a geographical, cultural, or regional scope. However, they use the economy and as a major player in interaction and cooperation between their five main countries to confront the dominance of the unipolarity, its management of global economic institutions, and its interference in the affairs of states. They cooperate to exercise global geostrategic influence to formulate a system A new international in light of the changes taking place in the global system, The main problem of the research was that (the BRICS bloc, with its geographical and economic components, is trying to create a multipolar global balance to break the dominance of the unipolar one and its political interference), while the conclusions of the research were that the BRICS countries are giant powers geographically and economically and have implemented multiple development projects between their countries and represent China as a giant country, as it leads The bloc is thanks to its huge economic capabilities, while most of the BRICS countries are economically linked to the United States and the West in general. The BRICS certainly faces challenges that make it difficult for it to achieve the goals that were set for the bloc to reach its members to pluralism and the Security Council.

Imam Abu Jaafar Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Salama al-Tahawi (d. 321 AH), is the scholar and scholar of Hanafi jurisprudence. He is a great hadith scholar and the author of the famous books, Explanation of the Meanings of Athars, and Explanation of the Problem of Athars. In this research, I have shed light on the dispute over his name and birth. And his death, and a statement of the most correct of them, in addition to inductive statistics of his sheikhs from whom he narrated in his book Explanation of the Meanings of Athar, and the biographies of his students for whom I found a mention in the books of biographies, and the sayings of scholars in it, an explanation of his printed, manuscript, and lost scientific works, and I dealt with the efforts of this imam and his critical sayings in the analysis and modification. In his book Explanation of the Meanings of Athar, I have discussed in previous research the efforts of this imam to prove companionship, and his efforts in wounding, and in this research I shed light on his efforts in (amending narrators), according to this statistic:
First: The word “Imam” was applied to twenty narrators.
Secondly: He used the repeated word authentication, such as trustworthy, proof, proof, hafiz, prove, and preserve, to eighteen narrations.
Third: The word “unique documentation” was used, such as trustworthy, proof, proven, and preserved, to twenty narrators.
Fourth: The word “Saduq” was applied to two narrators.
Our last supplication is: Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may God’s blessings and peace be upon our Master Muhammad and his family.

It is clear that the research problem faces educational systems, including schools, Private secondary schools and other educational institutions, and these are the major challenges in…
In light of the information revolution and the renaissance in administration, which must have efficiency, professional performance, and effectiveness, this stage requires a new mentality that can deal with these challenges. Therefore, the work of school institutions cannot be a burden on society, because the success of any project lies in the way it is managed. And its administrative performance with the professional school principal. The importance of the topic of administrative modernization and professional performance in research comes because it is considered one of the topics that calls for a trend towards searching for modern and scientific methods in management that are characterized by effectiveness, far from stagnation and stagnation, keeping pace with current developments, and whose leaders enjoy high professional and intellectual skills capable of achieving progress and prosperity for both the institution and individuals. and the groups in which they work. The research aimed to identify the level of administrative modernization and professional performance among private secondary school principals from the point of view of male and female teachers, and to identify the relationship and professional performance among Private secondary school principals from the point of view of male and female teachers.
The research was limited to the principals of private secondary schools who work in the third Rusafa District (Baghdad Governorate) for the academic year (2023 - 2024), who number () individuals. The researchers defined a set of terms for the research, in the theoretical aspect that is related to the subject and addressed a group Among the studies related to the research topic, a set of procedures were followed in terms of describing the research community and its sample, as a sample consisting of (50) individuals was obtained, which is a percentage (%) of the research community, and the researchers built a special tool for the research by reviewing the literature and previous studies, as well as Regarding the open question, the validity and reliability of the tool were conducted, then the research produced a number of results, which were then presented and interpreted. Then he developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals for the research .

Sultan Saladin's rule of Egypt was based on a group of senior princes, including Prince Diya al-Din Issa bin Muhammad al-Hakari, a member of the Hakkari tribe, one of the famous Kurdish tribes in Islamic history, whose sons assumed various political, military, and cultural roles. From this standpoint, we decided to devote our research to investigating the political and cultural role of one of the members of this tribe in Egypt in the sixth century AH. Dia al-Din Issa bin Muhammad al-Hakari assumed many administrative and military tasks and positions. These efforts had a distinguished role in installing Sultan Saladin as vizier of Egypt, succeeding his uncle. Asad al-Din Shirkuh, even though the Sultan was only thirty-two years old, and also in the establishment and emergence of the righteous state in Egypt and the Levant, and the Sultan preserved the beauty of Prince Isa bin Muhammad, and glorified his affairs, so he knew Dia al-Din’s precedence, and relied on him for opinions and advice. He did not deviate from his opinion, as at the beginning of his rule of Egypt, he was assigned the task of the ministry, as well as the title of prince, and the judiciary was assigned to him. What indicates his loyalty to the Ayyubid state was his participation in the conquests and resistance to the Crusader invaders. He was close to the soldiers and wore their uniforms, and one of the battles in which he was captured was a battle. Nuba Ramla, in addition to his scientific and cultural contribution and his reverence for the jurists, whose turban he used to wear.

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, this research studies, analyzes and criticizes the image of the child in the very short stories of the creative Iraqi storyteller Hamdi Mukhlif al-Hadithi. An image of the social and psychological other, in addition to its literary importance, especially in the narrative prose genre, the very short story.
The research methodology that covered the work consisted of an introduction in which the researcher explained the reasons for the research and its methodology. It is a theoretical introduction to the image of the other in literature, philosophy, and sociology, an aesthetic critical study, and then to the applied aesthetic critical study of Hamdi Mikhlif Al-Hadithi’s very short stories in the short stories he published.
Introductory words: Mahad Nazari, the image of the other... the child, the image of the other... the child in the stories of Hamdi Mikhlif Al-Hadithi.

This study investigates the two directive speech acts of advice and warning in some Kurdish proverbs. Its main aim is to find out whether or not these two types of speech acts share some semantic, pragmatic and structural features. To achieve the aims of the study, the following hypotheses are investigated:
1. Indirect speech acts are more likely to occur in proverbs expressing advice and warning than direct ones.
2. Declarative sentences are expected to be more recurrent in the realization of the speech acts of advice and warning.
3.No passive constructions are expected in the data.
The data chosen for analysis consist of 14 proverbs. The analysis of the data is based on an eclectic model integrating Wiersbeca’s(1987) semantic model of speech act verbs and Searle’s(1969,1979) model of speech acts in addition to Lyon’s(1977) concept of Kernel sentence.
The application of the model to the selected data has verified the validity of the three hypotheses above. It has also revealed that semantically, the meanings of proverbs are always metaphorical rather than literal and that the speech act theory can be applied to proverbs since they are used in everyday conversation to give advice, warn people, etc.

In this study spatial analysis tool in ARC GIS was used for the purpose of analyzing data for water foot print in Iraq, the data of agricultural crops for the period between (1995-2005) obtained from the water footprint network for all food and non-food crops of Iraqi governorates. The results showed that the blue water footprint for the period (1995-2005) was distributed in the central and southern governorates, while the green water footprint was in the northern governorates which is depend on the rain for agriculture process, while the gray footprint was distributed throughout Iraq unevenly. A comparison was made between the water footprint of wheat and barley crops, the blue water footprint of wheat was high and distributed throughout Iraq, Basra recorded the highest blue water footprint and the lowest in Nineveh Governorate for the period (2019-2020). The water footprint of barley increased for the period (1995-2005) in all governorates of Iraq, and it was the highest in Muthanna and the lowest in the province of Nineveh as a result of the dependence of green water preservation in the production of wheat and barley. The use of green water foot print refers to the efficiency of water use in a sustainable manner and the preservation of blue water, especially in the central and northern regions, it is necessary to adopt green water and harvest it and increase the cultivated area that depends on rainwater, which makes the use of sustainable in order to preserve existing water resources in Iraq.

The current study investigates undergraduate Iraqi EFL learners’ intercultural communicative competence at university level, using both self- and external- assessment instruments. To this end, a sample of fifty fourth-year students has been selected randomly from the Department of English/ College of Education for Humanities/ University of Mosul, for the academic year 2020-2021. The utilized model is a modified one that has emerged from adapting both Byram’s (1997) and Fantini’s (2001) Intercultural Communicative Competence models. Based on this model, the following three instruments were designed to collect data. Results revealed that student tend to perceive their intercultural competency as being good and sufficient. Nevertheless, when tested, their levels were found to be poor. Building on these results, more light needs to be thrown onto the importance of cultural dimension in teaching English in Iraq, and more work is needed to enhance Iraqi EFL learners’ intercultural communicative competence.