College Of Basic Education Researches Journal

This research aims to reveal the dark cultural dimensions in the novel "A Crazy Night" by Mohamed Hamdan Ben Jarsh, utilizing the radiations of the text that the writer artfully conveys within a framework of semantic data that implies cultural systems. The creative text carries multiple dimensions that do not directly surface and cannot be identified through a first reading; these dimensions require diving deep to search for signals that illuminate its obscurity. The study is based on both analysis and interpretation, being mindful of its intellectual perspective by following the course of events, recognizing the characters, and subsequently elucidating the ideas they carry, the principles they believe in, and the beliefs they yield to, while linking all of it with the external environment. The paper characters do not represent an individual case in a transient text; they consciously indicate—by the author's awareness—models in social reality. Consequently, a character may symbolize a thought of a particular group that believes in what this character believes. Thus, we focused on the most important elements and characters that open a window to the intellectual vision embedded in the novel text, aiming to engage with it to produce it anew within the critical space. The research axes are as follows: (The Obscurity of the Main Title, The Dark Cultural Dimensions in the Novel, Entry into Life, A Window of Hope, First Character: Salem/The Flute, Second Character: Hisham, Third Character: Noor Said Al-Sari)

This research addresses the conjunctions in the poetry of Jassim Muhammad Jassim Al-Ajja in light of transformational-generative grammar theory. The study includes several poetic examples from the poet's two collections, "A Sky That Does Not Title Its Clouds" and "Impositions for the Fingers of Grass." Jassim Muhammad Jassim Al-Ajja's poetry was chosen for this study because, to my knowledge, it has not been the subject of recent linguistic analysis. Furthermore, the poet is considered one of the most prominent contemporary poets in the Mosul poetry scene, blending creative poetic work with academic critical work, which has resulted in a rich linguistic expression. His poetry is abundant with many elements of conjunctions, the focus of this research and study. This study aims to unveil the essence of this poet's work and to analyze his poetry according to modern linguistic methodologies, particularly the transformational-generative approach. The research examines conjunctions in the poet's work in light of the key hypotheses of transformational-generative grammar, specifically the deep structure and surface structure hypotheses, which posit that every surface structure has an underlying mental deep structure.
The research is divided into an introduction and two sections. The introduction discusses the poet's life, his poetry collections, his critical writings, and the academic studies written about him. The first section addresses transformational-generative theory in terms of its philosophical roots and stages, while the second section explores conjunctions in light of our theory under investigation. The research concludes with a summary of the most significant findings derived from the study.

Several parallels emerge from Al-Mutanabbi’s poetry and vocabulary branches out that include rhetorical elements that resemble and equalize in the construction of the parallel text that includes more than one word that is balanced in meaning and structure. The research monitors the dualities of parallelism in Al-Mutanabbi’s poetry through the parallel color duality and is marked by artistic paintings that the poet draws with words that weave parallel poems in whose beauty we sail and dive, as color, in its direct and implicit types, gathered important symbols in parallelism as in the two colors, black and white, explicit and implicit, light and darkness.

This research addresses the connotative significance of the words of the Holy Quran and the role of this significance in clarifying the intended meaning of the Quranic verses in which these words appear. This is achieved by examining the lexical meaning of each term and its usages in the Arabic language, and then exploring what these words imply according to their contextual and situational settings. This approach aims to provide a clear vision and explicit connotation, ultimately revealing the general meaning intended in the wise text. The research includes, after the introduction, a prelude that discusses the concept of connotative significance in light of modern linguistic studies. The main focus of the research then centers on the primary axis of this study, relying on the selection of a group of words from the Holy Quran to serve as a model for study and analysis. The research concludes with a summary of the key findings reached by this study, accompanied by a number of recommendations that warrant mention

The poetry of complaint expanded in the seventh century of the Hijra due to the deteriorating social, economic, and political conditions that people experienced during the late Abbasid rule and the onset of Mongol and Crusader invasions of large parts of the Islamic state. It was natural for all these events to reflect on the psyches of poets and subsequently on their poetry, as they serve as the voice of their community, depicting its suffering from these events. Complaint is a means that helps individuals express the hidden sorrows of their hearts and the pains they endure, in a sincere manner, stemming from a genuine experience where there is no room for flattery or time to choose words. It is an immediate reaction to the personal concerns that the poet suffers from, which they alleviate by sharing with others, achieving a sense of catharsis that brings them psychological comfort.
The research is structured into an introduction and four sections. The introduction defines the concept of "self-complaint poetry." The first section is dedicated to complaints about illness, the second to complaints about aging and gray hair, the third to complaints about time, and the fourth to complaints about the loss of loved ones.

The research revealed the significance of the words of general calamities and hardships in the Holy Qur’an through the induction of words and structures in the Holy Qur’anic verses. The research showed the subtle differences and semantic shades between words and structures, and it is impossible for two words to differ while the meaning is the same in the Holy Qur’an; because the language of the Qur’an has gathered the sources of eloquence with great wisdom and that it was chosen by the Almighty, the Wise. The research was divided into two parts, the first of which dealt with the significance of calamity in the Holy Qur’an, and the second revealed the significance of the words of general calamities and hardships.

The character is a complex combination of elements that represent the focal point around which the narrative discourse revolves. It is the backbone upon which the narrative relies. The concept of literary work is subject to the concept of action and event, and the character is a new construction undertaken more by the reader than by the text itself. The character in the novel is an important element around which events and narration revolve. It is the idea around which events are woven, serving as the mask that the novelist wears to perform roles in his work. It constitutes an effective element in driving the narrative event, and it is a paper person produced by the novelist to achieve some aesthetic goal. This novel utilizes a system that defines the concepts of character at its multiple levels. The diversity in the character of Azam Al-Abdullah within the narrative structure presents us with several levels to highlight this character from all aspects of life and to move the scene effectively, attracting the recipient through this diversity occurring among the levels of the novel, as the character is a new construction undertaken more by the reader than by the text.

In this research, I dealt with the Al- Fangalat in Al-Khazin's interpretation in the second half of the eleventh section, and their number reached five transfers, and their topics varied between interpretive and linguistic, and the study was limited to the statements of the interpreters who preceded Al-Khazin in classifying in this blessed science; to show his agreement with them, what he transmitted from them, and his additions that he made uniquely, and it was not an analytical study, and we mentioned that the transfers fall under the style of coining, so it is an old term in its use, new in its name, and it has purposes in its use, including: excitement, suspense, awakening the mind, contemplation, debating the opponent, and responding to the doubts raised about the Holy Quran and its verses, and Al- Fangalat of Al-Khazin - may God have mercy on him - came in an easy expression, with eloquent brevity, and in the form: (If you say: I said), which is the most famous form in use.

This study attempts to explore the linguistic "pragmatic" awareness in Wittgenstein, particularly since his perspective on language embodies a philosophical, linguistic, and communicative consciousness of great significance. Wittgenstein's thinking about language has taken a long trajectory throughout his life, actively engaging with the nature of form, image, and content as articulated in his early and later theories. His awareness and interests in language have manifested in various ways according to specific usage contexts. Based on this central observation, this study aims to define the framework of the approach we wish to develop between linguistics and philosophy, taking into account the effects of influence and functional interaction within the conceptual and productive apparatus of each. Contemporary analytical philosophy, by assigning language an active role as a method for analyzing various philosophical, linguistic, and intellectual texts and issues, and linguistics, as a critical turning point in contemporary studies, crystallizes communication and interaction through its foundational structure based on various fields of knowledge, particularly philosophy, as a conceptual key for any possible linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge. Wittgenstein's analytical philosophy of "ordinary language" serves as an excellent title for this philosophical-linguistic overlap, emphasizing the spoken linguistic expression as the sole or prominent evidence that reveals meaning solely through it, due to the mediation of the triadic relationship between (text - usage - understanding).

This study was conducted to identify the effect of using the concept mapping strategy on the achievement of sixth-grade elementary school students in the subjects of the Holy Quran and Islamic Education. The research sample consisted of sixth-grade students from Al-Majd School for Boys for the academic year 2022-2023, where the research groups were composed of 66 students, consisting of 34 students in Section A (the experimental group) and 32 students in Section B (the control group). The researcher employed a quasi-experimental design with two equivalent groups. A suitable achievement test corresponding to the curriculum content for that educational stage was prepared by the researcher, and the validity and reliability of the test were established using appropriate methods. The test was administered at the end of the experiment to measure achievement. Using the t-test, the results showed statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group. Based on the research findings, the researcher recommended adopting the concept mapping strategy in teaching the Holy Quran and Islamic Education in all educational stages and suggested conducting a study aimed at investigating the effect of the concept mapping strategy on developing deductive thinking among fifth-grade elementary school students in the subject of Islamic Education

The current research aims to investigate the effect of the word meaning strategy on English vocabulary acquisition among fifth-grade students. To achieve this objective, the researcher formulated a null hypothesis. The study was limited to fifth-grade students in the city of Mosul for the academic year (2023/2024). The researcher employed a quasi-experimental design with two equivalent groups. The experimental group consisted of (30) students who were taught using the keyword strategy, while the control group also included (30) students who studied through conventional methods. The researcher ensured equivalence between the two groups based on the following variables: chronological age in months, English language scores from the fourth grade, overall grade average in the fourth grade, and the educational levels of the parents. To meet the study's objectives, a tool was required to test the acquisition of English vocabulary among fifth-grade students. To verify the validity of the test, it was presented to a group of specialists in teaching methods. The reliability of the test was checked using the Kuder-Richardson equation, resulting in a reliability coefficient of (0.83), which indicates high reliability. The results showed a statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the average scores of the students in the experimental group who were taught using the keyword strategy and those in the control group who studied using conventional methods, in favor of the experimental group. In light of these results, the researcher provided several recommendations, including the necessity of guiding English language teachers to use the keyword strategy in teaching vocabulary and concepts for effective acquisition, as demonstrated through this study. The researcher also suggested conducting further studies to explore the impact of the word meaning strategy on vocabulary acquisition in other educational stages, such as middle and secondary school, and in other languages, such as Arabic and French.

The current research aims to discover the positive thinking level of preparatory school students in Mosul City, to discover if there is a significant difference sign in positive thinking level according to gender variable (males-females) and to discover if there is a significant difference sign in positive thinking level according to class variable (fourth- sixth). The researcher has adopted the descriptive procedure. The sample of the consists of (100) students which were selected randomly. The research tool includes (Husam Mohammed Munshid's scale, 2013). The data were treated statistically using split-half test, T-test for two independent samples, T-test for one sample, Pearson's correlation coefficient, (SPSS) was used by the researcher, the following results were made:
1- The sample members are characterized by a high level of positive thinking.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in the level of positive thinking according to the gender variable (males-females).
3- There are statistically significant differences in the level of positive thinking according to the grade variable (Fourth - Sixth) and for the benefit of the sixth grade.
In light of the results, a set of recommendations has been developed to establish offices or centers for educational and psychological supervision in educational institutions, which help to develop positive thinking and provide courses that develop human capabilities, in addition to holding meetings, seminars and conferences to encourage the community to take an interest in developing positive aspects, and that the curricula include skills that develop the thinking of its various types.

The study aimed to reveal the nature of the relationship between suicidal tendencies and psychological frustration among a sample of (200) young men and women. To achieve the study's objectives, the researcher used a suicidal tendencies questionnaire and a psychological frustration scale, after verifying their validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed a statistically significant relationship between suicidal tendencies and psychological frustration. Additionally, the results indicated significant differences on the suicidal tendencies scale based on gender, favoring males, and no statistically significant differences based on social status in the level of suicidal tendencies. However, significant differences were found based on economic status, favoring those with low economic levels. The results also showed no statistically significant differences on the psychological frustration scale related to gender and social status, while significant differences were found based on economic status, favoring those with a weak economic situation.

The study aimed to find the degree to which digital leadership contributed to attaining competitive advantage in private Omani universities from the perspective of academics in view to achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive research method was used, and a questionnaire consisting of 35 items was constructed. The questionnaire was comprised of two dimensions: digital leadership and competitive advantage. After verifying the validity and reliability of the instrument, it was applied of 234 faculty members.
The study has shown that, from the perspective of academics, the level of digital leadership in private Omani universities was high. Furthermore, the study showed that the level of competitive advantage in private Omani universities, was high. The study concluded that there was a positive, strong and statistically significant correlation between all the dimensions of digital leadership and the dimensions of competitive advantage. The results of the linear regression analysis also demonstrated that the degree of digital leadership’s contribution could predict 79.5% of the level of competitive advantage in private Omani universities.

The current research aims to identify (the effect of the idea nomination strategy on the achievement of fifth-grade primary school students in mathematics). The researchers adopted a partial controlled experimental design with two equal experimental and control groups, to suit the circumstances of the current research. The researchers intentionally selected fifth-grade primary school students from a school Al-Horeya in the Sharqat Education Department, and in a random manner, group (B) was chosen to be an experimental group whose students were taught using the strategy of filtering ideas, while group (A) became a control group whose students were taught in the usual manner. The research sample reached (62) students.
Before starting the experiment, the researchers were keen to make the students of the two research groups statistically equal in a number of variables that are believed to affect the safety of the experiment. These variables are: (chronological age calculated in months, last year’s average for the fourth grade of primary school, the “Raven” intelligence test, and the educational level of the parents. Mothers’ educational level.
The researchers determined the educational material to be taught, which included the first three chapters of the mathematics book for the fifth grade of primary school. In light of the content, the researchers prepared behavioral objectives within three levels. The researchers also prepared (20) model teaching plans for both groups.
The researchers adopted a tool to measure the variables of their research, which was an achievement test consisting of (30) multiple-choice items. They verified its validity, reliability, and discrimination.
The researchers taught both groups themselves, with two lessons per week for each group. After completing the experiment, the research tool (achievement test) was applied to the two research groups. After collecting the results, the data was processed using appropriate statistical methods and the following results appeared:
There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group and the average scores of the control group in the achievement test, in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results, the researchers developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The interest of the Circassian Mamluk state required it to impose its hegemony over the Hijaz in general and Mecca in particular for two reasons: the first was religious for the leadership of the Islamic world at that time, and the second was economic, to control the economic capabilities of the Hijaz after the emergence of the port of Jeddah in the year (827 AH/1424 AD) and the balance of power in the Islamic world shifted after it lost The port of Aden, its economic status, and the shift of international trade in that year to the port of Jeddah, which served as the economic interface of Hejaz due to the arbitrary policy pursued by the Rasulid sultans In Yemen, against commercial boats coming from India and other countries. Therefore, we notice the interest of the Circassian Mamluks in Mecca and the attempt to stir up strife among its princes in order to weaken them and control the reins of government there by appointing whomever they see as more loyal to them. The study attempted to reveal the reasons that led to that policy. Which was adopted by the Circassian Mamluks in the Hijaz in general and Mecca in particular, and to give a clear picture of the conditions of Mecca internally and externally in that period The study showed the relationship between the nobles of Mecca and its princes and the conflicts that were taking place between them, as well as the rebellions that took place in that period by some military leaders and relationship The tribes surrounding Mecca and the rebellion those tribes, as well as the relationship between them and the Circassian Mamluk sultans before the fall of their state.

The study highlighted the attempts of the Muslim brotherhood movement in Iraq to renew its quranic platforms, through the building a balanced personality possesses a faith- based cognitive vision based on a culture of positive change, understanding societal reality and changing negative behaviors into positive behaviors in different fields so that society can be promoted and happy, this requires the movement to promote planned and organized Islamic awareness, reform its methods of thought and teaching and organizational methods enhance knowledge and provide information the living Islamic model.

The water crisis can be solved, as is clear, through joint international and regional efforts that include good intentions and belief in shared interests. This will only come about by concluding legal agreements of an international nature that are respected by the signatory parties. Therefore, the water issue is one of the most complex issues and problems that have faced Turkish-Arab relations, and specifically the relationship with Iraq and Syria, which is also one of the common issues between these countries. Now, the cooperative aspect in this issue was weak, and the weak position comes from the failure of any party to recognize the rights of the other. It believed from the beginning that the water flowing in the Euphrates and Tigris basins is Turkish water because it originates from Turkish land, and therefore it is not legally obligated to give a fixed share to the riparian countries. Despite this, Turkey showed its readiness to cooperate with Iraq and Syria to reach an agreement to supply them with water, provided that this does not conflict with the country’s interest in establishing development and economic projects. Therefore, we find that it dealt with this issue in a devious manner. In contrast, others tried to stand in the way of Turkish policy and demanded its legal rights to the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris, but they did not reach a common solution that they agreed upon to confront Turkey’s water policy. Rather, there was a disagreement between them that was the most prominent in this issue, which made Turkey exploit this disagreement to its advantage.

The study of entertainment and amusement in the Zengid era (521-581 AH / 1127-1185 AD) in the Levant has become an important study, as it is a link between other studies that preceded it and then followed the Zengid era in the Levant. In fact, the events of the history of the Zengid state are very important, because it formed an Islamic state in one of the most critical stages of Islamic history, as the Islamic world was exposed to a Western European attack known as the (Crusades), and these wars were a dangerous attack full of incidents and tribulations; It seems that the study of entertainment and recreation in the Levant during the Zengid era did not receive much attention from historians and researchers, and that state did not receive its share of specialized research in that field. Then, most modern studies were limited to the political aspect, and neglected its other aspect of entertainment and amusement, which played a major role in the daily and social life of the population. Previous studies focused on the personality of Imad al-Din Zengi and Nur al-Din Mahmud, and addressed the study of the era of the Crusades and others. We decided to study the other aspect of the Zengid state, which is the means of entertainment and recreation, in order to know how that state was formed and how and what are the means practiced by the population in the Zengid era to entertain themselves.

The aim of the current research is to identify:
- The level of administrative and financial stability of the clubs in the Iraqi Premier Basketball League from the perspective of the members of the administrative bodies.
- The level of organizational prosperity and its dimensions of the clubs in the Iraqi Premier Basketball League from the perspective of the members of the administrative bodies.
- The relationship between administrative and financial stability and organizational prosperity of the clubs in the Iraqi Premier Basketball League.
The research population consisted of members of the administrative bodies of the sports clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier Basketball League for the sports season 2023-2024, totaling 110 administrative body members. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers adapted the administrative and financial stability scale developed by (Al-Sufi, 2022) and constructed a scale for organizational prosperity. Statistical methods used for reaching the results included (mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, t-test).
The researchers concluded a number of findings, the most important of which is that administrative and financial stability positively reflects on the reality of administrative development and organizational prosperity in the clubs of the Iraqi Premier Basketball League.
The researchers recommend that the management of the clubs in the Iraqi Premier Basketball League should increase their focus on administrative and financial stability to enhance the level of organizational prosperity, which would reflect in achieving outstanding results.

The importance of the current research is highlighted in studying the statistical discrepancy between the results of the spoken assessment and the standard assessment of the approved physical tests in accepting students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Basic College.
The research problem can be summarized in answering the following questions:
- What are the students’ levels in physical tests based on spoken assessment (previously approved standard scores)?
- What are the students’ levels in physical tests based on the standard assessment (the standard scores extracted from their results)?
- What are the differences between the standardized assessment scores and the spoken assessment scores for students in physical tests?
The current research aims to:
- Identifying the statistical differences between the spoken assessment and the standard assessment of physical tests used in accepting students into the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
The researcher used the descriptive and comparative method for its suitability and the nature of the current research
As for the research sample, it was represented by male students only in order to serve the idea of the research. They numbered (150) students by taking their results in the physical tests considered for admission. Thus, the research sample represented (66.66%) of the entire research population.
The researcher used the results of the physical tests used in admission as a means of collecting data for his research. The tests are:
- 60 m running test, 540 m running test, pull-up test, belly button test, and wide jump test.
The researcher concluded the following:
- Using standard assessment in accepting students is better than adopting spoken assessment in the physical tests approved for admission.
The researcher recommends:
- Adopting the standard assessment annually to evaluate students applying for admission based on their results in physical tests instead of the spoken assessment.

The world today is witnessing continuous development that cannot be comprehended by learning programs and their methods, which necessitates the existence of programs that enable learners to develop motor skills aimed at enhancing their potentials and capabilities in response to their inclinations and desires. In light of the developments occurring in the educational process in general, and the subsequent advancements in teaching sciences and the progress of educational and psychological studies, the learner has become the focal point of the educational process. This has led to the emergence of new educational and methodological organizations that align with this trend, including the activity-based curriculum, which emphasizes that everything happening in the school should serve this purpose.
The importance of the research lies in understanding the impact of specific exercises related to symmetrical and brain-directed exercises in developing the accuracy of certain offensive skills among youth football players. An experimental method with a design of two equivalent groups, experimental and control, was used on a sample of (20) youths randomly selected from among the players of the football school aged (15) years for the sports season 2021/2022. Through statistical treatments, it was concluded that symmetrical and brain-directed exercises have significant importance in developing the accuracy of certain offensive skills among youth football players. The researcher recommended the use of symmetrical and brain-directed exercises to enhance the accuracy of certain offensive skills among youth football players.

The study investigates the impact of specific exercises using rubber cords on special endurance and performance in the 100-meter breaststroke for youth. It aims to identify the differences between the experimental and control groups in post-test measurements of special endurance and performance in the 100-meter breaststroke for young swimmers.
The research experiment was conducted on a sample of 12 swimmers from the Duhok Governorate team specializing in the 100-meter breaststroke. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 6 swimmers, determined by random selection. The researchers ensured equivalence between the two groups in the study variables. An experimental design known as the equivalent groups design with pre-test and post-test was employed. Data collection methods included content analysis, physical measurements, and tests. The data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
The researchers concluded that training swimmers with specific exercises using rubber cords can enhance special endurance and performance for speed swimmers in their training programs

The research problem was identified by comparing several for knee joint injuries between players' outdoor playgrounds and futsal players. Research to: identify knee joint injuries suffered by players football outdoor playgrounds, And identify knee joint injuries that futsal players are exposed to, and a comparison several form of knee joint injuries between outdoor playgrounds and futsal players.
The researchers assumed no that there was a significant difference in the percentage of knee joint injuries between outdoor playgrounds and futsal players. researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of (121) outdoor playgrounds players (27.3%) and (60) Indoor football (23.44%) from the research community. They were chosen intentionally from those with injuries for the knee joint, researchers used Arab and foreign sources and references and an open questionnaire as methods and tools for research. And data was processed statistically using percentages, and the following conclusions were reached: I futsal players are more susceptible to or suffer from cruciate ligament tear, joint cartilage tear, and medial ligament tear of the knee joint compared to outdoor playgrounds soccer players. and outdoor playgrounds players are also more susceptible to or suffering from a lateral ligament tear and a fracture of the patella of The knee joint compared to futsal players several recommendations that serve The purpose of conducting the research.

Psychology is one of the important sciences that requires extensive study and deep understanding due to its significant impact on individuals. It is a field that has seen increased demand in recent years, especially in the educational sector, because of its effective influence on the educational process. It is one of the crucial sciences with a direct impact on enhancing and improving the performance levels of learners, making it a vital focus in scientific studies within the field of education.
The research aimed to identify:
* The level of communication skills among students from certain departments of the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul.
* The differences in the level of communication skills between students from certain departments of the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul.
To verify this, the researchers hypothesized the existence of:
* Varying levels of communication skills among students from certain departments of the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul.
* Differences in the level of communication skills between students from certain departments of the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul.
The research sample consisted of 121 students from some departments of the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul. To collect data, the researchers employed the "Communication Skills" scale developed by Ali Hussein Najm Al-Omrani, which included 38 items. The scale was subjected to scientific statistics before the final application on the research sample. The researchers utilized the following: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, percentage, theoretical mean analysis of variance for unequal samples, and the least significant difference value.

The high jump event consists of a series of stages that are interconnected and mutually influential. A rapid approach prepares horizontal speed that facilitates the athlete's ability to rise quickly, minimizing the loss of kinetic energy as much as possible. Biomechanics is one of the sciences that contributes to providing the most suitable movement solutions through kinematic analysis. The research aims to identify the values of some biomechanical variables in the high jump event for the holder of the Iraqi record, as well as to recognize the performance achievements of this athlete. Additionally, it seeks to understand the relationship between some biomechanical variables and the performance level in the high jump of the record holder. The researchers employed a descriptive approach that aligns with the nature of the study. The sample was intentionally selected and consisted of the Iraqi record holder in the high jump, Mariam Abdul Hamid, who has achieved a height of 1.81 meters. Measurements were taken to determine height and weight. Scientific technical observation was conducted using digital photography with a CASIO Exilim HS EX-ZR400 camera at a speed of 240 frames per second. Specialized software was utilized to analyze the motion in order to obtain the kinematic variables relevant to the research using a computer. The final trial was filmed on June 1, 2023, Thursday, at Erbil Sports Club. The researchers used statistical treatments (mean, standard deviation, percentage, and Pearson correlation coefficient) and concluded that the length and speed of the step before the final take-off were longer than the last step and took less time, which positively impacted performance. Moreover, the angle of the knee during flexion for take-off was not significant, but its effect was suitable for achievement since increased flexion tends to reduce speed. Additionally, the angular velocity during take-off had a positive effect to ensure the athlete does not lose speed

This study aimed to identify values of a number of physical tests for the experimental and control groups of young football players, and to reveal effect of a proposed training program for some aspects of muscle strength using body weight as resistance in developing a number of physical qualities for young football players, and to reveal differences between the experimental and control groups in a number of physical qualities for young football players.
To achieve this research, the researcher set the following hypotheses: There are statistically significant differences in values of a number of physical tests for the experimental and control groups of young football players. There are statistically significant differences between pre- and post-measurements in the effect of proposed training program for some aspects of muscle strength using body weight as resistance in developing a number of physical qualities for young football players (experimental group). There are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in a number of physical qualities for young football players.
The researcher used the experimental method on a sample of Nineveh Club football players in youth category, aged (16-19), for the sports season (2023-2024), numbering (34) players. As for the research sample, it was selected intentionally and divided into two groups (experimental and control) in a random manner, and homogeneity and equivalence were achieved among the members of research group.
The conclusions: The proposed training program has a clear positive effect in developing a number of physical qualities (transitional speed, explosive power of legs, speed-specific power of legs, speed endurance, agility), proposed training program clearly outperforms traditional program in physical qualities (transitional speed, speed-specific power of the legs, speed endurance).

This study included the improvement of the properties of asphalt using sulfurous waste (blowdown) resulting from the purification of sulfur at the Mishraq sulfur mine through thermal treatment, in addition to using a mixture of sulfurous waste and polyethylene glycol to modify the asphalt. The study began with the analysis of the chemical composition of the waste using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), followed by the treatment of asphalt with different proportions of sulfurous waste (blowdown). Subsequently, the optimal ratio of polyethylene glycol treated with asphalt was determined, and then 1% of polyethylene glycol was used with varying proportions of blowdown to modify the asphalt at a temperature of 170-180°C for one hour. The rheological properties of both the original and modified asphalt were then assessed by measuring properties such as permeability, elongation, softening point, penetration index, Marshall stability test, and aging. The modified asphalt exhibited better rheological properties than the original asphalt, particularly in terms of stability and resistance to acid rain.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared with aloe vera leaf extract and several antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant Shigella and Salmonella bacteria. These bacteria were obtained from Kirkuk General Hospital and re-diagnosed based on reliable diagnostic sources. According to the study, aloe vera leaf extract reduces silver ions while changing the color of the solution to reddish brown. The silver nanoparticles produced by the aloe vera plant were detected using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and found to fall at wavelengths (430( nm The results of (111), (200), and (220) indicate that silver particles and antibiotic tablets extracted from aloe vera leaves (amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin) have synergistic effects against drug-resistant bacteria such as shigella and salmonella. As a result, their antimicrobial efficacy was enhanced.

Background: Blood viscosity reflects blood viscosity. It is a measure of the blood's ability to flow through blood vessels. Excessive viscosity is a strong indicator of cardiovascular diseases as it can impede blood flow and/or oxygen supply to body tissues.
Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of viscosity on blood sugar levels.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-two random blood samples were collected from healthy individuals without diabetes from qualified medical laboratories in the city of Mosul. The blood samples were divided into three groups based on packed cell volume (PCV) results. The first group had a PCV reading below the normal range. The second group had a PCV reading within the normal range. The third group had a PCV reading above the normal range and included both male and female participants aged between 22 and 60 years.
Results: The study results showed that an elevated PCV level in the third group led to a decrease in glucose levels compared to the first and second groups. In males, blood sugar levels in the second group were significantly lower than those in the first group. In females, the second group also showed a significant decrease in glucose levels compared to the first group.
Conclusion: Increased viscosity due to proteins affects the function of glucose-carrying proteins and results in lower blood glucose levels.

The research involves the preparation of a new bidentate Schiff base, 3-(4-benzoyl phenyl imino) indolin-2-one, through the condensation reaction of isatin with 4-amino benzophenone in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a co-agent. The donor atoms (O, N) in the ligand impart a bidentate property, and the complexes were prepared by reacting the ligand (BI=C21H14N2O2) with various chlorides of transition metals, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺, in molar ratios of (1:1) and (2:1) metal:ligand to form complexes with general formulas [M(BI)₂Cl₂] and [M(BI)Cl₂]. The ligand and the prepared complexes were characterized by several methods, including physical (melting point and electrical conductivity) and spectral measurements, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectra, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra. Magnetic moment measurements and detailed elemental analysis (C, H, N) were performed, along with determining the metal content through atomic absorption technique. All these measurements indicated that the formula [M(BI)₂Cl₂] produced octahedral complexes, while the complexes with the formula [M(BI)Cl₂] exhibited tetrahedral shapes. The biological activity of the ligand and all prepared complexes was evaluated by studying the inhibitory effect on the growth of two different types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the disc diffusion method.

This study aims to compare the concentration of the hormone PNX-14 in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with that in women without PCOS, and to investigate its relationship with certain sexual hormones. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Al-Salam Teaching Hospital in Mosul from July 1, 2022, to the end of September 2022. The study included 100 samples from women aged between 16 and 47 years, of whom 50 were obese and thin women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, and 50 were healthy women. Samples were collected from women during the early follicular phase (the second or fifth day of the menstrual cycle). The group of obese women was divided into three categories based on the degree of obesity (morbid obesity, class I obesity, class II obesity). Both the patient group and the control group were divided into four age categories: (>40), (31-40), (21-30), and (<20) years. Serum samples were separated and stored in sealed tubes, and we then measured the hormone concentrations (PNX-14, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone). An increase was observed in the concentrations of both luteinizing hormone, estrogen, prolactin, and testosterone in the serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to the healthy women. Meanwhile, the hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone and progesterone) showed a significant decrease in their concentrations in women with PCOS compared to the healthy women.

This research included the preparation of a new type of activated carbon using eucalyptus leaves obtained from the forests of Mosul city. It was found that this type of prepared carbon is of the nano type, whose particle size is less than (100nm), as its particle sizes ranged (43.69, 61.88, 63.9 7nm). This type of carbon was used to remove the drug ((Theophyline) from its aqueous solutions. This research included the application of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, and the Langmuir model was more applicable to the practical data of the studied system. This is indicated by the results of high (R²) values, as Freundlich's R² value was (0.9488), while Langmuir's R² value was (0.9955). The thermodynamic study of adsorption in the system under study showed that it is an automatic process through negative (Go∆) values and leads to greater regularity after the adsorption process. (ΔSo values are negative) In addition, the force that controls the bond between the drug and the carbon surface is a physical force (∆H= -16.899 kJ/mole) and that the adsorption here is an exothermic process. The research also included the application of three kinetic models, which are the false first order, the false second order, and the implicit molecular diffusion. The results showed that the adsorption system used in this research follows the false second order reaction equation and that the implicit molecular diffusion process is not the only mechanism that dominates the adsorption process.

The research included the kinetic study of the formation reactions for four Azo–chalcone dyes from the coupling reaction of four electron-donating chalcone with the diazotized para-aminobenzophenone reagent accepting these electrons at a temperature of (293K) and a neutral acidic function (pH7).
The optimal conditions for each formed Azo–chalcone dye as well as the optimal ratios (Stoichiometric ratios) of its components were determined, which were (1:10) for (chalcone : diazotized reagent) respectively. Finally, the kinetics of the formation for the above dyes were followed spectrophotometrically, and it was found that these reactions are of the pseudo first order relative to chalcones, so we were able to calculate the rate constant (k1) and the half-life time (t1/2) for each reaction. And the highest value of the dye (3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one with diazotized 4-aminobenzophenone reagent) was equal to (0.0601min.-1), that is, it is the fastest reaction. The lowest value of the dye (3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one with diazotized 4-aminobenzophenone reagent) was equal to (0.0472min.-1), while the values of the half-life time (t1/2) were completely opposite: (11.53) and (14.68). Minutes of the two produced dyes, respectively

In general, the relationship between the subject and the verb is extremely subtle, and the prominence of one over the other is still debatable. Some scholars, the majority to be precise, contend that the verb, not the noun, is the dominant and controlling constituent in a sentence. Others, however, maintain otherwise. Having taken that into account, and due to the profound divergencies between the structures of English and Arabic, realizing an appropriate translation is profoundly hard to attain.
The prime goal of the paper is to dig deeply into the topic by pinpointing the characteristics of this subject-verb dichotomy. Additionally, it aims to fill this translation gap by furnishing some hints and guidelines that are meant to be very helpful for translators before commencing this laborious translational enterprise in such a difficult grammatical area. It is hypothesized that translating the entire stretch of the dichotomy poses significant challenges for translators in their attempt to achieve the objectives and that, despite divergencies between Arabic and English, a sound translation can be provided. Along with an explanation of the main types, functions, and characteristics of the relation, a thorough and in-depth account of the dichotomy is given. To validate the hypotheses and achieve the objectives, a body of Arabic-English translation examples is chosen, a translation model is adopted, a delicate data analysis is carried out, and some renderings are proposed. The paper concludes with a few recommendations and suggestions that are meant to be of great benefit.

The current paper highlights the need for a unified approach that considers both micro - and macro-cognition in cognitive research. It suggests that integrating these perspectives can lead to a more complete interpretation of theatrical texts. The current work hypothesizes that the model of the translation process folds into two constructs of cognitive Efficacy (CE); the first is the macrocognitive interface, and the second is the microcognitive interface to pull away conceptual and operational analysis of the translator's performance of transfer ST and ground the mind into TT. The methodological consequences and practical part are applied to the theatrical texts to follow this model of the translation process and how it affects the scope of cognitive translation studies (CTS) by (Martín and de León, 2021). The study concluded that macro-cognitive research deals with the overall performance and ecology of task execution within the cognitive system of the translator. While it focuses on invariant processes, the use of binary linguistic levels is often employed in micro - cognitive research. The emphasis on internal validity and the ability to draw causal inferences is mentioned, as well as the convenience and utility of using large samples in analyzing complex relationships between variables of cognitive modeling, mental architecture, and knowledge sharing.

This study seeks to ascertain the pronunciation inaccuracies of Kurdish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at the university level when articulating English diphthong phonemes. These students grapple with challenges related to the articulation of diphthong sounds in English due to their limited exposure and practice. The primary objective of this research is to identify, categorize, and quantify the total number of pronunciation errors made by Kurdish EFL students in the context of English diphthongs.
A sample of thirty undergraduate Kurdish EFL students, who are native speakers of Northern Kirmanci, participated in this descriptive qualitative study. The students were requested to pronounce 40 English words, encompassing the eight diphthong sounds prescribed by Southern Standard British English Received Pronunciation (RP). Their pronunciations were recorded using smartphones. These students, who were in their senior year of undergraduate studies, were selected for the study. The recordings of the students' pronunciations were meticulously examined to discern common mispronunciations of English diphthong sounds. Subsequently, the data were collected, organized, and ranked in order of prevalence, ultimately revealing a total of 405 errors. The prevalence of diphthong errors is presented as follows: (ʊə) at a rate of 93.3%, (ɪə) 58.8%, (əʊ) 42.2%, (eə) 37.3%, (aʊ) 28.6%, (eɪ) 14.7%, (aɪ) 8%, and (ɔɪ) 5.8%.
Kurdish native speakers frequently encounter difficulties in articulating English diphthongs, primarily due to the absence of these sounds in their native language and a dearth of English pronunciation study and practice throughout their academic journey. These diphthong pronunciation errors manifest in eight distinct patterns, contributing to a spectrum of student proficiency levels. Consequently, to enhance their linguistic competence and accurately pronounce English words containing diphthongs, students should engage in sustained diphthong practice during their academic tenure at the university.

The current study tackles the way whereby the rhetorical interrogative questions in the Prophetic Hadiths have been translated. The kind of interrogation under study is the one that usually does not require a response, but rather it may affiliate into additional sub-meanings that are not apparently expressed with their formal structure. These affiliated additional meanings include exclamatives interrogative, suspense, forbidding, indicative, denial as a rebuke, etc. One of the stylistic features utilized in prophetic Hadiths as an effective convincing style in communication, discussion, and persuasion is rhetorical interrogation. It is worth mentioning that while explaining numerous Islamic rulings conveying wisdom and orating in a way that makes others enthusiastic to comprehend the answer, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to devote rhetorical interrogation (henceforth RI) to steer the awareness of his companions. This study aims to explore RI and its English translation of the Prophetic Hadith. Besides, to examine the extent to which the translators are successful in rendering the rhetorical interrogation in an equivalent way into English that preserves the Illocutionary Force of the sentence intact. Moreover, the hypothesis made in the study is to retain the expressive force of the rhetorical interrogatives, some of which are better to be translated into exclamatives or statements. One of the most important conclusions is that RIs, as a precondition of the context of the situation, branch out into several implicit indirect meanings in English and Arabic. Finally, the translator is required to utilize the context of the situation to fully comprehend the intended Ifs of the RI under translation.