Journal of Misan Researches

تتمثل مشكلة البحث الحالي بتقويم منهج العلوم للمرحلة الابتدائية واعتماد على نماذج المنهج المدرسي (تايلر , ويلر , زايس) باعتبارها محكات يمكن من خلالها المقارنة والتقويم واعتمد الباحث في دراسته على تحليل عناصر منهج العلوم للمرحلة الابتدائية كما تم اعداد استبانة تتضمن فقرات لتقويم عناصر المنهج تم ارسالها الكترونيا لمجموعة من المختصين بمجال المناهج المدرسية في الجامعات العراقية ومن ثم ارجاعها للباحث وتوصل الباحث الى وجود عدة نواحي تعاني من ضعف وخلل واضح ولعناصر كافة مقارنة منهج العلوم بنماذج المنهج المحددة للمقارنة ويعزو الباحث تلك النتائج الى عدة اسباب اهما سوء عملية تصميم واعداد المناهج في مادة العلوم للمرحلة الابتدائية وخرج الباحث بمقترحات عدة لإعادة بناء وتطوير المنهج لمواكبة تطور نماذج المنهج المدرسي عربيا وعالميا واوصى بإجراء دراسات تكميلية لتقويم المناهج العلمية في المرحلة المتوسطة والاعدادية لوزارة التربية العراقية

)There is no difference or statistical significance at the level of significance (0.05) between the hypothetical mean of the test and the arithmetic mean of the scores of sixth grade male and female students in the basic thinking skills test(
Welcome to the transition in the document , The researcher followed the descriptive approach in this research, and the research sample consisted of (380) male and female students, with (200) male and (180) female students from the sixth grade of primary school in the center of Maysan Governorate for the academic year (2023-2022). They are (remembering - observing - comparing - classifying - arranging - organizing information. Application). The necessary psychometric characteristics of the numbers of the research tool were verified. And after applying the tool to the basic family of sixth grade male and female students and using statistical methods (the second test T for one sample and the second test T for two independent samples, the Vakronbach test and equation, the simple Pearson correlation coefficient and the square of Chi, as well as the frequency distribution of the sample scores as well as the use of the Spss statistical package, and it was reached To the following result, there is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (5) between the arithmetic mean and the hypothetical mean scores of male and female students in the basic thinking skills test and in favor of the arithmetic mean. A study similar to the current study on elementary and middle school students

The aim of the current research is to identify (training courses and their role in developing the teaching skills of primary school teachers). Dhi Qar, for the academic year (2022/2023). The research sample amounted to (150) male and female teachers from the original community, and they were chosen randomly, where the researcher adopted the current research tool, which is the questionnaire to know the training courses and their role in developing teaching skills. Four main areas, namely (the skill of fluency, the skill of originality, the skill of flexibility, and the skill of sensitivity to problems). Reliability using the Alpha Cro-Nabach method, and the value of the stability coefficient was (0.89). To extract the results of the current research, the researcher used statistical methods, including (Kai square, Alpha Cro-Nabach equation, Pearson correlation coefficient, weighted mean, analysis of variance, unilateralism, Scheffe test, standard deviation, weight percentage) and the research came out with a set of results, including:
- The role of training courses for primary school teachers in developing teaching skills was significant, as the weighted mean was (3.78) and the weight percentile was (0.76). All the weighted circles indicated to a large degree the role of training courses for primary school teachers in developing teaching skills from their point of view.
- There are no statistically significant differences in the role of training courses for primary school teachers in developing creative teaching skills, according to (years of teaching experience(.
In the light of the research results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals, the most important of which are
1. Providing training courses for primary school teachers, according to specific programs that help them raise their levels and professional competencies, and encourage them to attend the courses.
I have suggested:
Conducting a similar study in the future dealing with the role of training courses in developing basic educational skills for teachers and their reflection on primary school students

The current research aims to identify the impact of the active hand strategy on the achievement of the fourth primary students in the subject of geography from the social book, and to investigate this. Then, she chose two divisions from the fourth grade of primary school randomly, so that Division (A) represents the experimental group of (25) that will be studied according to the active hand strategy, and the other is the control group of (25) students that will be studied according to the usual method. The variables are age (calculated in months, the educational attainment of parents, and the educational attainment of mothers). A post-test was prepared, which consisted of (10) items of multiple choice type. The following statistical methods were adopted: Chi-square of the second test, difficulty coefficient, discrimination coefficient, effectiveness of wrong alternatives coefficient
Pearson and Sierman) and the researcher reached the following results: There were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in favor of the experimental group who studied according to the active hand strategy and the mean scores of the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the collection of geography from social studies books and in the light of the results that The researcher came up with the following recommendations. The need to use the active hand strategy in teaching social studies as a result of the impact this strategy has achieved in raising the level of academic achievement. Organizing a workshop to train male and female social studies teachers on the steps of the active hand strategy

The current research aims to know:
1. The level of self-efficacy for first-grade teachers.
2. The level of cognitive economy competencies for first-grade teachers
3. knowledge significance of the correlation between self-efficacy and knowledge economy competencies among first-grade teachers.
Researchers used the descriptive approach(relational) to achieve the goal of the research. The research sample consisted of (50) teachers, including (20) male and (30) female of the first-grade teachers in Maysan Governorate in Al-Amara District, for the academic year (2022-2023). The sample was chosen randomly.
Researchers prepared two tools for the current research. The first tool is a measure to find out the level of self-efficacy as it became in its final form consisting of (35) items, with (26) positive items, (4) negative items, and (5) revealing items. As for the second tool, it was represented by a note card to know the level of practice of knowledge economy competencies to the same sample, and it finally consisted of (26) items distributed over five scopes, namely (personal competencies, teaching planning, teaching implementation, using technology in teaching, teaching evaluation).
Researchers presented the two tools to a group of experts and reviewers to review and take their notes and opinions in consideration about the validity of the paragraphs and calculate the apparent truthfulness and logical analysis of the paragraphs of the two tools. Then, they were applied to the survey sample to find stability, and then researchers applied the two tools to the basic research sample and analyzed their results using the statistical package (SPSS) and Excel program, as well as using some statistical equations.
The following results were obtained:
1-The level of self-efficacy of first-grade teachers was high, and there were no statistically significant differences due to the gender variable.
2- The level of first-grade teachers' practice of the knowledge economy competencies was medium (not achieved), and there were statistically significant differences according to the gender variable in favor of the teachers.
3- There is a weak direct correlation between the level of self-efficacy and knowledge economy competencies for first grade teachers.

ينبغي ان نميز بين مجلس الوزراء والمجلس الوزاري حيث يؤكد الوضع الدستوري في بعض الدول على انه يسمى المجلس بمجلس الوزراء اذا كان رئيس الدولة يترأسه بينما يطلق عليه المجلس الوزاري اذا كان ينعقد برئاسة رئيس الوزراء وهنالك خصائص للوزارة في النظام البرلماني اهمها
1. ترتكز الوزارة على الثقة البرلمانية: بما ان الوزارة في الانظمة البرلمانية لا بقاء لها في الحكم الا بعد حصولها على ثقة البرلمان فأن رئيس الدولة يصبح ملزماً في تسمية رئيس الحكومة – رئيس الوزراء- من الكتلة الاكبر. واذا كان رئيس الدولة له حق تعيين رئيس الوزراء واقالة الحكومة نظرياً لكنه مقيداً من الناحية العملية بوجود الاغلبية البرلمانية ومقدار الثقة التي تنالها الحكومة من جانب الاغلبية ويطلق على هذه الحكومة (حكومة الاستحقاق الانتخابي) وعند ذاك تشكل الحكومة على ضوء نتائج الانتخابات التي تجري وعلى نتائجها يتم تحديد الكتلة البرلمانية الكبيرة وتقوم بتشكيل الحكومة وتأخذ على عاتقها تسمية مرشحين عن كل الكتل البرلمانية الفائزة ومقياس حجمها في البرلمان وان كان رئيس الدولة في النظام البرلماني، هو من يصدر قرار التعيين الا انه في الواقع رئيس مجلس الوزراء هو الذي يختارهم وفكرت تخويل رئيس مجلس الوزراء على اختيار وزراء نابعة من انه هو من سيتعامل معهم، وبهم يحصل على الثقة البرلمانية، وعلية يكون حر في هذا الاختيار، وعلى هذا الاساس فليس لرئيس الدولة ان يفرض على رئيس الحكومة وزيراً ما او يرفض ادخال وزير اخر
2. تعتبر الوزارة كيان متجانساً متضامناً: تكون الحكومة في النظام البرلماني كلاً متكامل اي كيان جماعي مميز وهذا الكيان يسمى مجلس الوزراء ومن مهام هذا المجلس رسم السياسة العامة للدولة وتعتبر الحكومة في النظام البرلماني وحدة متجانسة ووجود حالة التجانس بين اعضاء الحكومة يعتبر نتيجة طبيعية لفكرة الوحدة والانسجام فأذا كانت الحكومة هي المعنية برسم السياسة العامة وتحرص على مصالح الدولة، فيتطلب ذلك وجود حالة من الانسجام والتضامن بين اعضائها وهذا الانسجام لا يتحقق الا بقيام رئيس الحكومة بأختيار وزراءه من ذوي الميول والافكار السياسية الواحدة

يهدف البحث الحالي للتعرف الى درجة توظيف معلمي الصفوف الاولى لأنموذج التدريب على التساؤل ومقترحات لتطوير ادائهم التعليمي في ضوئه.واتبع الباحثان المنهج الوصفي المسحي اذ تكونت عينة البحث من (60) معلماً و ومعلمة بواقع (30) معلم و(30) معلمة من معلمي الصفوف الاولى في محافظة ذي قار، وتم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية.ولتحقيق هدف البحث أعد الباحثان بطاقة ملاحظة تضمنت (۳)محاور رئيسة و(8) محاور فرعية وشملت (٥٤) فقرة وبمقياس خماسي(كبيرة جداً ، كبيرة ،متوسطة، مقبولة ، ضعيفة) ، وتم التأكد من صدقه وثباتها ( الصدق الظاهري) بعرضها على الخبراء والمحكمين في العلوم التربوية وطرائق تدريس العامة .وللتأكد من ثبات بطاقة الملاحظة استعان الباحثان بملاحظين خارجيين وباستعمال معادلة بيرسون فبلغ معامل الثبات بين الملاحظين (0,820) ، أما بين الباحثة والملاحظ الأول (0,885) والباحثة والملاحظ الثاني (0,860) ومعامل الثبات بين الباحثة ونفسها (0,918) ولغرض استخراج النتائج استعملت الباحثة الحقيبة الاحصائية (spss ) الوسائل الإحصائية الآتية :-(معامل ارتباط بيرسون ، الاختبار الثاني لعينتين مستقلتين ، الاختبار الثاني لعينة واحدة ، تحليل التباين الأحادي ، الوسط المرجح ، الوزن المئوي

The study aimed at identifying (Difficulties faced by teachers of English in schools with international accreditation from their point of view), In order to achieve the objectives of current research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the basic study sample consisted of (149) male and female teachers of the English teachers in international schools in Basra governorate for the academic year (2022-2023). The research tool was represented by the questionnaire and its purpose was to identify difficulties faced by teachers. It consisted of (63) clauses distributed on (9) hubs. The tool presented to a group of experts and arbitrators to take their opinions and observations and to find validity, stability and logical analysis of the clauses. After that the tool applied to the research sample, the data processed by using statistical techniques including (Frequencies, Percentage, chi- Square equation, Alpha- Cronbach equation, Person correlation coefficient, Weighted average, Standard deviation).
and the study reached the following results, the most important of which are: There are many difficulties that face the teacher of English in schools with international accreditation, focus of which is teaching methods and administration and supervision and then classroom management and then learner and then

The researcher followed the descriptive correlation approach, where the research sample consisted of (144) male and female students, with (98) male and (29) female students in the first grade teacher department - College of Basic Education - University of Maysan for the academic year (2022-2023), and the sample was chosen by the intentional method. The researcher prepared the research tool (science operations test) consisting of (30) distributed over (8) skills (observation, characterization, prophecy, communication, measurement, use of numbers, use of spatial and temporal relationships, conclusion) and the test items were presented to a group of experts and arbitrators specialized in science education, curricula and teaching methods, in order to take their opinions and observations and find the truth and consistency. After that, the researcher applied the research tool in the final form and analyzed their results using the statistical bag (spss). The results were shown. There is a statistically significant relationship in the skills of science operations as a whole among the students of the teacher's department of the first grades, and the members of the research sample have a higher level than the hypothetical mean in the skills of science operations as a whole . In light of this, the researcher developed a number of recommendations and proposals

The current research aims to identify the degree of first-grade teachers' commitment to professional ethics from the point of view of principals. Teacher ethics with his students, teacher ethics in (profession, lesson), teacher ethics with colleagues, teacher ethics with (administration, supervision), teacher ethics with society. In order to treat the data statistically, the researcher used the percentage, standard deviations, and weighted circles. After analyzing the data, the researcher concluded that the level of professional ethics among the teachers of the first grades was high

The research aims to identify :
-The effectiveness of the (REAP) strategy in critical thinking among students of the Faculty of basic education in the subject of artistic taste.
To verify the two objectives of the research, the researcher formulated the following two null hypotheses :
-there is no significant difference at the level of significance (0,05) between the average scores of students of the experimental group ,who study the art tasting subject according to the REAP strategy ,and the scores of the control group who study the same subject according to the usual method (lecture) in the critical thinking test .
The research sample consisted of (60) male and female students in the reality of (30) for the experimental group and (30) for the control group , and the researcher rewarded between the two research groups in the variables indicated by previous studies and specialized literature to the likelihood of their impact on the results of the experiment , namely ( chronological age calculated in months_ IQ level _ previous information ) the experiment began on Sunday , 11/12/2022, the two research groups studied the vocabulary of the the number of behavioral goals (160) and the appropriate teaching plans have been prepared for this purpose , , and the researcher made sure of its truthfulness and consistency , extracted the coefficient of difficulty and discriminatory power and the effectiveness of alternatives to its paragraphs, the researcher also prepared a critical thinking test consisting of (25) paragraphs evenly distributed on critical thinking skills ( knowledge of assumptions, interpretation, evaluation of arguments, deduction, conclusion)

The researcher applied the critical thinking test on (Monday) 13/2/2023 after completing the experiment, which lasted 12 weeks.

The results revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the critical thinking test, and in light of the research results, the researcher recommended the following :
1-the need to adopt modern teaching strategies (metacognitive strategies) as a REAP strategy in teaching artistic taste and other subjects, because the research results have a positive impact on critical thinking .
2-the need for specialists in the field of teaching methods in the Ministry of higher education to prepare a guide that includes modern teaching strategies, including the REAP strategy, which has proven its effectiveness .
3-training students to practice mental processes of analysis, interpretation, evaluation and perception to develop their skills and abilities in using correct thinking to face their problems in daily life.
In addition to this research, the researcher proposes to conduct the following studies :
1 - the impact of the REAP strategy on achievement and critical thinking in anatomy or design fundamentals.
2-conducting another study to find out the effectiveness of the REAP strategy and other types of thinking, including creative thinking, logical thinking, reflective thinking and deductive thinking .

The current research aims to identify the level of graduate students specializing in general curricula and teaching methods with the skills of writing scientific research.
The researcher followed the descriptive approach, where the research sample consisted of (31) male and female students, (13) male and (18) female students from postgraduate students (masters) specializing in general curricula and teaching methods in (research stage) in the faculties of basic education and humanities of the universities of (Maysan - Basra) for the academic year (2022 _ 2023) and the sample was selected by stratified random method.
The researcher prepared the research tool (test of scientific research writing skills) consisting of (30) items distributed over (19) skills (drafting the research title, introducing the research, identifying the problem, determining the importance, determining the objectives of the research, formulating research questions and hypotheses, determining the research findings, determining the research terms, theoretical aspects, identifying previous studies, research methodology and procedures, presenting the results, discussing the results, developing conclusions, making recommendations, developing proposals, documenting and arranging sources and references, arranging appendices, setting tables, drawings, figures and pictures), and presented the test A group of experts and arbitrators specialized in science Educational and psychological, general teaching methods, teaching methods Arabic language, measurement and evaluation, Appendix No. (1), to take their opinions and observations and find honesty and stability, after that the researcher applied the research tool in the final form and analyzed its results using the statistical bag (spss).
The results showed: the weakness of some researchers in the formulation of the title, identifying the problem, determining the importance of the research, the theoretical aspect, the objectives of the research, the development of results, the order of appendices, in the skills of writing scientific research, and the availability of most of the areas of the list of Maha Rat writing scientific research at a high level, although some skills in these areas did not reach this level, as they were available at an unacceptable level, and the gender variable does not affect the skills of writing scientific research.
In light of the results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including:
1. Training graduate students on the skills of writing scientific research practically.
2. Holding training courses to develop students' skills in writing scientific research .
Based on the researcher's interface of difficulties during her research career, and monitored a set of proposals, including:
1. Building a training program to develop the skills of writing scientific research among graduate students specializing in curricula and teaching methods.
2. Conducting a study that achieves the detection of the problems of graduate students specializing in curricula and teaching methods in the skills of writing scientific research and proposals for treatment.

The research aims to know the training needs of first-grade teachers according to the concept of the knowledge society from the point of view of educational supervisors, and to achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive approach, which depends on collecting data on the phenomenon and interpreting it. The current research community consisted of (118) supervisors from the total supervisors of primary schools, and the researcher chose a random sample of (80) supervisors and supervisors of primary schools. The researcher also used the questionnaire as a tool to collect information that included the following areas of the knowledge society (knowledge generation, knowledge dissemination, knowledge employment), which consisted in its final form of (38) items, and the researcher presented the tool to a group of specialists in the field of teaching methods to ensure its truthfulness, and then applied it exploratory to (30) supervisors and supervisors, and the tool was applied in its final form and analyzed its results using statistical means (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, test (t.test) for non-correlated samples (independent), correlation coefficient Simple (Pearson), Sibermann-Brown equation, Alpha-Crow-Nabach coefficient, square law of chi, hypothetic mean, relative weight, range

هدَفتْ هذه الدراسة الى تشخيص التحديات التي تواجه تدريس مادة الرياضيات في المرحلة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر معلميها وتقديم المقترحات لمعالجة تلك التحديات من خلال الاجابة عن السؤالين الآتيين : ما تحديات تدريس مادة الرياضيات للمرحلة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات؟ ما المقترحات التي من شأنها علاج تلك التحديات ؟
ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي واختيرت عينة الدراسة عشوائيا من معلمين ومعلمات مادة الرياضيات وقد بلغت(642) وهي ممثلة للمجتمع الاصلي الذي بلغ (3214)من المدارس التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية ذي قار قسم تربية الناصرية وهو مركز المحافظة للعام الدراسي (2021- 2022) واعد الباحث اداة الاستبانة وعرضها على الخبراء والمحكمين وبعد ذلك قام بتوزيعها على عينة الدراسة وقد تكونت الاستبانة من (69) فقرة موزعة على خمسة محاور وهي كما يأتي:
محور المعلم السياسات التربوية , محور التدريس (التخطيط , طرائق التدريس , ادارة الصف) , تقويم التعلم في الرياضيات , المتعلم و الاسرة , الكتاب المدرسي وتم اخضاعها للصدق والثبات لتكتسب الخصائص السايكومترية وبعضها تمَ تطبيقها على العينة الاساسية وتَمتْ معالجة البيانات احصائياً باستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية spss وتوصلتْ الدراسة الى النتائج الاتية أهمَها هناك العديد من التحديات التي تواجه تدريس مادة الرياضيات محور المعلم والسياسات التربوية ويليها محور التدريس ومِن ثٌمَ محو المتعلم والاسرة ومحور الكتاب المدرسي ومحور التقويم وقد وضع الباحث مقترحات لعلاج كل محور وفي ضوء النتائج التي توصلت لها الدراسة

The present research aims to identify (the effect of4 Ex2) in the reflective thinking of second grade intermediate students in the subject of mathematics), in order to achieve the research goal, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis:-
There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group that will study according to the model (4EX2), and the average scores of the students of the control group that will study in the usual (traditional) way in the reflective thinking test in mathematics.
The research sample was (66) students from the middle second grade, in the Karar middle school for boys for the academic year (2022-2023), where the experimental group numbered (32) students and the control group numbered (34) students, and the two groups were equivalent in each variable ( the previous information and chronological age in months and previous achievement), the researcher prepared a teaching plan for each of the two groups, and then the researcher prepared the research instrument (reflective thinking test) The reflective thinking test consisted of (25) thematic paragraphs, the validity and reliability of the test were verified, and the coefficients of difficulty and discrimination and the effectiveness of the alternatives were good for the test paragraphs, and after the experiment was completed, the researcher applied the reflective thinking test to the two groups (experimental and control), and the results showed that there was a difference Statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group that will study according to the model (4EX2), and the average grades of the students of the control group that will study in the usual way in the reflective thinking test in mathematics, and in favor of the experimental group

The current study aimed to identify the emotional contents in the literary texts in the Arabic language book for the third intermediate grade in Iraq. The researcher used the descriptive approach - the method of content analysis because it is the appropriate approach for this study. The research consisted of the Arabic language book for the third intermediate grade in the Republic of Iraq, including literary texts containing (26) literary texts, and the researcher adopted the idea (them) as a unit for analysis, and frequency (frequency) as a unit for enumeration. The first, as the number of iterations reached (77) repetitions, and its percentage was (33.77%), while the fields of scientific and cognitive values, and the field of health values ranked seventh, with (6) repetitions, and a percentage of (63.12%) in the light of the results. As a result of the study, the researcher recommended the following:
Relying on a matrix of values when writing textbooks. -1
2- Adopting the opinions of teachers and instructors regarding the values that are included in the curricula, as they are in direct contact with the students and are most knowledgeable about what suits them of these values.
3-The need to choose literary texts that include values that are compatible with the needs of students at each stage of study.
4- Focusing on the national side in the literary texts in the Arabic language book in Iraq without being politicized for a specific party.

The semantic change has an important impact on the understanding of the qur'anic text, so the readers reading of the letter in several aspects led to change in the semantics and syntax. Which occurs due to the different readers and the cities they read on, and the statement of the most correct grammatical aspect

The Sciences of Invalidation and Rectification is one of the most important topics in the science of Narrators of the Tradition, whose mission is limited to purifying the men of narrators from the low and weak.
This topic clarifies the narrator's conditions in terms of acceptance and rejection of what they transmit from the news that has a basic introduction to religious issues and legal rulings.
It has a fundamental input in deriving jurisprudential rulings that have a direct relationship in the life of a Muslim person or doctrinal matters related to the foundations of beliefs, and as it is known that the evidence of the sacred law is the Holy Qur’an, the purified Sunnah, consensus, Sanity,
Accordingly, the Holy Qur’an is not subject to discussion in its sacred texts. As for Sanity, it is a universal rule that produces judgments and practical functions for us, which have nothing to do with our topic in terms of specialization. And the Sunnah and consensus remained, as they depend on the narrations, which are narrations from the Messenger and his Pure Family, may God’s prayers be upon them all. They are the subject of our research, which is responsible for clarifying the situation of those who transmit these reports about rulings and legal facts and report them in a documented manner that the jurist relies on upon the processes of deduction of legal rulings.
Based on that, we simplified the research into an introduction, three sections, results, and a conclusion. The first chapter included several sections, talking about the definition of some concepts related to the subject, its importance, and the history of this science. In the second section, we covered the characteristics of this science and its path, including justice, reliability, and testimony in the right of the narrator. In the third section, we explained the most important rules of Invalidation and Rectification and the words used in praising the narrator and disparaging him, and with these words, either the narrator enters the ranks of the trustworthy and accepts his narratives or he comes out of the ranks of the trustworthy narrators and is among the liars or the slanderers and the distorted facts or the unknown whose transmission is not reliable, then we concluded some results.
Then we concluded some of the results reached by the two researchers through research and investigation of the sources adopted in writing, and one of the most important results was that this science has a historical extension that reaches the era of the Messenger ( God’s blessings be upon Mohammed and his immediate family) and then the Islamic nation inherited it, generation after generation in order to control their narratives and preserving their great religious and moral heritage, from confusion and loss, and resisting deviant and destructive ideas and that the scholars of this science made tremendous efforts in investigating and scrutinizing the biographies of the narrators until they revealed to us their condition in terms of acceptance or response

The current research aims to analyze the content of the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade according to multiple intelligences in Iraq for the academic year (2022-2023) To achieve this goal, the researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach (content analysis), where the researcher presented an initial questionnaire that included (10) types of multiple intelligences to experts and arbitrators specialized in mathematics teaching methods and general teaching curricula and methods, to determine the types of intelligences that suit mathematics, and only (5) intelligences were selected, namely logical mathematical intelligence, verbal linguistic intelligence, and intelligence. Visual-spatial, spatial intelligence, and imaginary intelligence, and then the researcher prepared a tool of (20) standards and (24) indicators and was presented to a group of experts and specialists in the methods of teaching mathematics and general teaching methods and for the purpose of verifying the validity of the tool the researchers used two methods, the first through time and the other through another analyst, where the percentage of stability over time (96%) The percentage of stability through another analyst amounted to (92%) The statistical means used by the researcher are the percentage equation and frequencies, and the equation (Holsti) and after the completion of Analysis of the content of the mathematics book indicated

The research works on travel literature, which is a type of prose literary genre through which a writer reviews; A trip, or trips he made to specific places and at specific times, in which he conveys the situations that accompanied that trip, the events he witnessed, and the news he heard, and includes historical, geographical, social, and political information about the country or city he travels to, which is one of the spatial etiquette. And my research specifically about places and their aesthetics In contemporary literary trips undertaken by the Iraqi traveler Hamdi Al-Attar, I divided the research into three sections that bore the titles: the sacred historical place, the natural place, and the place as a representation of the other

The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the research community was represented by educational research published in local journals and specialized in teaching methods of the Arabic language, which amounted to (266), and the research sample was represented by the research published in the specialization of methods of teaching Arabic during the period between ((2019-2021)) and amounted to (30). A research that was selected randomly and with a percentage of 10% of the original population. The researcher prepared the first two tools represented by a list of proposed criteria, which included (100) criteria distributed over eighteen fields, namely: title, summary, problem, objectives, importance, research limits, research questions and their hypotheses