Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities

Objectives: Pointing out the importance of scientific cities, including the historic ‎city of Erbil, and its role in creating opportunities for seekers of knowledge to ‎benefit from and meet with scholars and sheikhs to learn from them, benefiting ‎from the ruler’s patronage and encouragement of science and scholars, and his ‎provision of the requirements for that through scientific institutions and service ‎institutions, and most importantly, providing a state of safety to become a travel ‎destination for scholars and students of knowledge. They touched him with ‎attention, welcome and prosperity.‎
Methodology: The nature of the narrative study of the biographies of figures from ‎Erbil and the review of the city’s components and history necessitated the adoption ‎of a narrative analytical approach in presenting the study material in a historical ‎manner, relying on relevant historical sources and references, and classifying it in a ‎numerical hierarchical manner for the study material with one section, two sections, ‎an introduction, a conclusion, and a newspaper with sources.‎
Results: The historical city of Erbil has an ancient cultural and cognitive depth over ‎time that was reflected in its role in the Islamic era, and Ibn al-Mustafi, its minister ‎and historian, succeeded in clarifying and presenting it, pointing out its ruler, ‎Muzaffar al-Din Kukpuri, and his role in the prosperity of the city through his ‎mention of its institutions and facilities and the group of scholars and students who ‎visited or resided there and their knowledge or service achievements .‎
Recommendations : Emphasizing the role of Islamic cities in the scientific ‎renaissance and enhancing studies to highlight this role by studying the media and ‎ personalities who contributed to this and studying their achievements and ‎productions of various types and branches.‎‏.‏

Objectives: The research aims to study documentary archives from important ‎departments, given that they contain important data, information and documents ‎about events and general conditions. One of the countries that has been interested ‎in archival work is Iraq because of the desire of many Iraqi historians to keep pace ‎with those countries, as Iraq is the main homeland. For documentary archives, due ‎to the ancient civilization and its cultural heritage since ancient times and in its ‎contemporary history‏.‏
Methodology: The research includes a brief historical study that gives a clear ‎picture of the historical roots of archival work in Iraq by relying on Iraqi ‎documents, sources, and newspapers that were considered the scientific sources of ‎the research, then focusing on the role of Iraqi historians in collecting, classifying, ‎and archiving documents and making them scientific material to draw from. ‎Researchers and graduate students such as Abdul Razzaq Al-Hassani, Salem Al-‎Alusi, Saleh Ahmed Al-Ali, Yassin Abdul Karim, and others who later became ‎founders and workers at the Iraqi Center for Document Preservation‏.‏
Result: The archive constituted a source of various information related to the ‎development of the features of political, social, intellectual, economic and cultural ‎life, from the formation of the Iraqi state, and for this reason the state faced the ‎problem of how to deal with the huge amount of these papers, records and files that ‎are issued daily, but it did not receive any attention from anyone. In order to ‎preserve documents and the necessity of securing them, or to establish an ‎independent department to take care of their preservation and facilitate access to ‎them by historians and researchers, until the destruction law was issued in 1942 ‎AD, to which several amendments were made‏.‏
Conclusion: A country that does not have an archive is like a patient who has lost ‎his memory. Preserving documents goes back to the University of Baghdad and the ‎urgent need for sources and references that they rely on in historical studies and ‎research and their sense of the importance of documents in historical writings. They ‎also drew attention to the necessity of making use of old papers. preserved in the ‎state ministries and departments, and thus the responsible authorities at the ‎University of Baghdad made unremitting efforts to contact government ‎departments and institutions, urging them to pay attention to old records and files ‎that contain various important information.‎‏.‏

Objectives:- The research aims to shed light on the administrative aspects in ‎Andalusia through Islamic rule, the Washington State Department system through ‎the book Al-Muqtabas by Ibn Hayyan Al-Qurtubi (d. 469 AH / 1076 AD)‎
Methodology:- A study on the comparative historical method in presenting the ‎historical material, arranging it and dividing it according to the nature of the ‎research into an introduction, six chapters and a conclusion, with direct reliance on ‎primary sources, and citing some references for the task that are related to the topic‏.‏
Results: - Among the results reached by her study is the statement of the ‎importance of administrative aspects in Andalusia through what Ibn Hayyan ‎discussed in his book, which was taken from several administrative systems, the ‎most prominent of which is the ministry system. The minister is considered the right ‎hand of the prince or caliph and the second man in the state, who bears great ‎responsibility in managing the affairs of government. This study highlighted many ‎ministers who held the position of minister under the rule of the Umayyad state in ‎Andalusia from the era of Prince Al-Hakam bin Hisham until the end of the rule of ‎the Caliph Al-Hakam bin Abdul Rahman (Al-Mustansir), whose number reached ‎‎(42) ministers. They were among the most important men of the state, known for ‎their loyalty and administrative and military capabilities. Some of them took over ‎the leadership of military campaigns and Islamic conquests, and in Andalusia there ‎became a specific family that held this position, such as Banu Shahid, Banu Abda, ‎and Al-As. ‎
Recommendations: - Providing preliminary studies to conduct similar studies to ‎identify mosques and administrative systems in other Islamic countries, through ‎research and investigation into sources and understanding, and linking past historical events to the present to learn lessons and take lessons for the future‏.‏

Objectives: The aim of the research was to study the impact of the Deir Ezzor ‎revolution and its introductions in Iraq on the twentieth revolution in Iraq, which ‎was the idea of a long time ago, especially for British mismanagement and the ‎severity of taxes and poor economic and social conditions as well as the promises ‎made by Britain to the independence of Iraq, all factors encouraged Iraqis to carry ‎out the revolution, as the Iraqi leaders in Syria had a major role in the trend towards ‎the revolution, the Iraqis noted that the occupation was serious in looting the ‎country's bounties and that Freedom and independence were just slogans launched ‎by Britain to calm the already volatile situation, and therefore the Iraqis embarked ‎on a comprehensive revolution to change the turbulent situation and the policy of ‎occupation.‎
Methodology: The study relied on the historical research method to analyze the ‎events and factors they derived from the Deir Ezzor revolution to work on ‎mobilizing Iraqis to carry out the revolution, which was the nucleus of the city of ‎Tal Afar and the western regions of Iraq, as well as the use of the historical ‎descriptive approach to describe the battles that took place between the Iraqis and ‎the British occupation forces.‎
Results: The study concluded that the launch of the spark of the revolution from ‎Deir Ezzor towards all Iraqi territory had a major role in the multiple uprisings, ‎whether in Tal Afar or in the western regions of Iraq, which received wide support ‎from all leaders and clans to resist the British occupation, which reneged on all the ‎covenants and promises he made during his occupation of Iraq, and thus led to the ‎twentieth revolution, which gave lessons to generations represented by sacrifice and ‎redemption for the sake of love of the homeland and not to succumb to the ‎ whims of colonialism in all The Tal Afar uprising achieved successive successes ‎within days and worried the British side despite its failure, and the western regions ‎of Iraq achieved clear progress against the British occupation, which was ‎represented by the killing of Colonel Lajman, one of the most prominent British ‎leaders, which greatly affected Britain's military reputation, as well as the ‎continuous withdrawals of the British military sectors from western Iraq to the ‎fierce resistance shown by the Iraqis against the British occupation.‎
Recommendations: The study recommends the need to intensify research and ‎studies that shed light on the uprisings that took place before the twentieth ‎revolution in Iraq, as well as studying the external factors that had a direct impact ‎on the launch of the twentieth revolution in Iraq, especially the impact of the Deir ‎Ezzor revolution in Syria.‎

Objective: There is no doubt that a person needs many means of living in his life ‎that are not limited to the material aspects only, and he cannot get everything he ‎wants, because every person is a facilitator of what he was created for, in addition ‎to the difference in mental abilities. For every individual, perhaps the most ‎prominent of which is learning, as it is one of the purposes of Sharia law and the ‎goal of life, so Islam gave special attention to it and increased it, in addition to ‎organizing life in a wonderful and advanced way that resulted in a free and ‎dignified life, and achieves a better life for the human being through preparing him ‎with preparations that guarantee him a good individual. And productive in society
Methodology: The study relied on the historical research approach to analyze the ‎events and factors that derived from the study of the learning ability of Muslims, as ‎well as the use of the historical descriptive approach to describe it‏..‏
Results: Islam urges spending in good ways to obtain reward. This has been stated ‎in the Qur’anic texts and the noble Prophetic hadiths, and has emphasized the ‎legitimacy of endowments and taxes on poor Muslims, especially with regard to the ‎pursuit of knowledge, which embodies the greatness of the civilizational dimension ‎of Islam. The response to these texts was A large number of wealthy people, ‎leaders, sultans, princes, ministers, and Muslim writers competed to endow real ‎estate and collect money and other things in pursuit of reward, so a bright picture ‎was formed and an important aspect of Islamic civilization. The Muslims were the ‎first in this field as it is a responsibility that reflects high civilizational values that ‎have not appeared in other areas. Nations only after a period of time has passed, as ‎they differ in terms of funding for health and educational institutions, which are ‎recommended by the rich and well-off among them after their death, and they have ‎reached old age or illness to the point that they despair of life and the lack of ‎enjoyment of that money‏. ‏
Conclusion: The issue of financial spending on educational institutions throughout ‎the Islamic era falls within the scope of cultural creativity in its material aspect of ‎Islamic civilization. The donations provided by people of righteousness and ‎benevolence, including statesmen and others, voluntarily, are considered ongoing ‎charity that benefits the servant in this world and the hereafter. This initiative ‎embodied the individual sense of collective responsibility, as well as the importance ‎of the nation’s cultural and human progress and development, and its illuminating ‎and positive impact on the Islamic and global community alike

Objectives: The approaches to recording history varied according to the diversity ‎of the orientations of the historians who wrote history. Some of them took the ‎annual approach as a basis in writing their books, such as Al-Tabari and Ibn Al-‎Jawzi, and some of them took the approach of combining annuals and topics, such ‎as Al-Yaqoubi and Ibn Kathir, and some of them took local history as an approach. ‎To write down the history of Islamic cities, such as Ibn Tayfur, and there are those ‎who made the history of geography and travel a method for their writing, such as ‎Al-Masoudi and Ibn Hawqal. Miskawayh was one of the historians who ‎distinguished himself by writing down political history with a philosophical ‎outlook, and this is what distinguished him from others‏. ‏
Methodology: The study relied on the historical research approach to analyze the ‎topic of our research (the experiences of nations and the succession of aspirations), ‎in which it was distinguished by mentioning beneficial experiences that can be ‎benefited from in the coming of days due to the admonition and wisdom they ‎contain. He also did not neglect to refer to events that he mentioned briefly so that ‎it is known. The reader is aware of it so that he is not accused of negligence
Results: A study of the characteristics of recording history according to ‎Miskawayh, from his book (Experiments of Nations), presenting some matters of ‎his personal and practical life, and a simple review of his writings. I divided the ‎research into two sections: the first includes the life of the historian (his biography, ‎his upbringing, starting with his name and surname, then His birth, his behavior in ‎life, his family, his death, his friends, his contemporaries, and finally his resources ‎ in writing history in general and the experiences of nations in particular‏.‏
Conclusion: Despite the diversity of writings on Islamic history in the fourth ‎century AH and the diversity of other sciences, as a result of the cultural and ‎intellectual prosperity in this era in the history of the Abbasid state, the emergence ‎of the historian Miskawayh as one of the pioneers in historical criticism had an ‎effective impact on Through his review of history and his criticism through the ‎books he wrote in various scientific fields.‎‏ ‏

Objectives: The research aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the issue ‎of the Iranian nuclear program and its repercussions on the security of the Arab ‎Gulf states. The study took the year 2015 as its starting point because this year ‎witnessed an important development, which is the decision of the American ‎withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear file, which created tension in the nature of ‎relations. The American-Iranian alliance, which had a negative impact on the ‎security of the Arab Gulf states, as it became an arena for settling accounts between ‎America and Iran‏.‏
methodology: The analytical approach was used to analyze information and work ‎to identify regional variables in the Arabian Gulf region and the extent of their ‎impact on the security of the countries of the Arabian Gulf region. The historical ‎approach was also used to review the historical development of relations between ‎the countries of the Arabian Gulf region and Iran‏.‏
Results: The results of the study showed that the security situation in the countries ‎of the Arabian Gulf region requires the creation of a strategy that is compatible ‎with the existing security situation in the countries of the region, as well as ‎compatible with the regional and international conditions and circumstances ‎prevailing in the region. In addition to the presence of a real desire on the part of all ‎concerned to establish and build a strategy, which has become an urgent necessity ‎in the region‏.‏
Recommendations: Reconsidering the nature of existing Arab-Iranian relations in ‎the areas of security and cooperation, and identifying weaknesses and deficiencies ‎in understanding each other’s policies, in an effort to come up with alternatives that ‎ could be more capable of understanding the state of security and stability, and ‎contributing to overcoming its problems and improving its conditions, which will It ‎can also contribute to working to clarify the vision of the nature of security to be ‎achieved in their region. Without working to achieve this, the Arab Gulf countries ‎will not be able to deal or interact positively with the challenges and risks ‎surrounding them, whether from the Iranian nuclear program or others, which may ‎lead to exacerbation of the manifestations of violence, chaos, and instability in the ‎Arab Gulf region‏ .‏

Objectives: Knowing the marketing trends for cement and phosphate factories, as ‎Ramadi, Fallujah, and Hit districts accounted for (81%) the highest percentage of ‎consumption of cement factory products, given the large population size and ‎concentration of construction industries, along with the urban aspect in terms of ‎population‏.‏
Method: Analytical, descriptive, and deductive approaches. The research relied on ‎collecting information, data, and field study‏.‏
Results: The compound fertilizer product (N.p.) had the highest marketing rate in ‎the governorates of Nineveh, Salah al-Din, and Wasit (11%), while Basra and ‎Karbala governorates had the lowest percentage (1%). As for the marketing of the ‎single superphosphate product, the highest percentage In the governorates of ‎Baghdad and Wasit, at a rate of (14%), while the lowest rates were in the ‎governorates of Karbala, Najaf, and Babil, at rates reaching (4%, 5%, and 6%) ‎respectively, where the Ministry of Water Resources (30%) was the rate that ‎contributed to preparing the bridges. Water projects, dam building, etc. While the ‎percentage of the Ministry of Municipalities reached (15%), while the Ministry of ‎Electricity reached (9%), while the percentage of all ministries benefited from the ‎factory, while the percentage of the Ministry of Education reached (13%), while ‎the Ministry of Commerce reached (14%), while the percentage benefited from The ‎Ministry of Transport benefited from the factory products (5%) of the total ‎beneficiary ministries, and the Ministry of Agriculture benefited from the factory ‎products at a rate of (2%) of the total beneficiary ministries‏.‏
Conclusion: Rehabilitating and improving the production of Al-Qaim Cement ‎Plant in terms of quantity and quality in order to compete with imported cement. ‎This necessitates the need to improve the quality of production in a way that ‎pleases consumers, as well as new production lines and design capacity ‎characteristics, “in order to prove the worthiness of self-sufficiency, especially since ‎Al-Qaim cement is distinguished by the quality of production.” Reasonable prices, ‎in addition to the abundance of local raw materials in Al-Qaim district‏.‏

Objectives: To demonstrate the accuracy of using remote sensing data in ‎determining risk levels, then identify the natural factors of the region and the ‎extent of their influence in determining risk levels and build a model that shows ‎the levels of geomorphological risks using remote sensing data (RS) and ‎geographic information systems (GIS).‎
Method: The inductive and analytical approach leading to the adoption of ‎quantitative methods and approaches in the use of mathematical standards and ‎spatial information systems software in order to build models that simulate reality ‎to provide an analytical vision of work mechanisms.‎
Results: The possibility of relying on modern technologies to determine levels of ‎risk by building a mathematical model for them. It became clear that there are ‎three levels of risk, as the low-risk lands reached an area of (1038.66 km2) and are ‎spread on both sides of the Euphrates River, while the moderately dangerous areas ‎reached an area of (1058 km2). While the area of the most dangerous areas ‎reached (1117.7 km2).‎
Conclusion: Variation in the weak geological formations in the region, which led ‎to a large number of fracture joints and separation surfaces, different directions ‎and numbers of linear structures and surface characteristics, as well as poor ‎vegetation in the region, which led to varying levels of danger in the region‏.‏

Objectives: Measuring the spatial variation in commercial land values and the ‎reasons for this variation in the city of Hit‏.‏
Identifying the impact of commercial land prices and rents on the distribution of ‎land uses in the city of Hit, then explaining the reality of commercial land prices ‎and rents from the center of the city to its outskirts, and knowing the gradation of ‎the value of commercial land according to the distance from the center‏.‏
Method: The research relied on the functional approach to study the current ‎reality of the city of Hit, as well as the analytical-deductive approach, the spatial ‎variation of commercial land values and the reasons for this variation in the city ‎of Hit‏.‏
Results: The highest value of land was in the central commercial district, as a ‎result of the availability of services there, as it is dominated by commercial use ‎and some light industries, as the average price of one square meter of land there ‎reaches (2,250,000) million Iraqi dinars, and the average shop rent there was ( ‎‎325,000 (one thousand dinars) per door per month‎‏.‏
Conclusion: The city witnessed a functional change in many of its streets, ‎especially in the main and secondary streets near the city center, as it witnessed a ‎change in land uses from residential to commercial, which led to the mixing of ‎residential use with commercial use on the one hand, and an increase in land ‎prices there on the other hand. another side‏ .‏

Objectives: Finding radical solutions to it, considering the workforce as the tool ‎implementing all agricultural operations, as well as keeping pace with the ‎development that is taking place in agricultural production because it is ‎considered one of the important economic activities in Anbar Governorate in ‎general and the countryside of Ramadi District in particular‏.‏
Method: The research relied on the analytical-deductive approach to identify the ‎problems and obstacles that directly affected the agricultural workforce in Ramadi ‎district‏.‏
Results: An increase in the population of rural families in 2021 in the provinces ‎that own large and spacious agricultural lands, where they witnessed stability on ‎both sides of the Euphrates River due to the environmental conditions and fertile ‎soil in the study area, in addition to the available community services. An increase ‎in the agricultural labor force for the youth group in the provinces with large ‎areas. And the large ones for agriculture, as they are the breadwinners for the two ‎groups of less than (15) young people, and those older than (65) of the elderly ‎group‏.‏
Conclusion: The agricultural labor force is of great importance and strong ‎connection in agricultural operations and the production of crops such as ‎vegetables, while the importance of the agricultural labor force in grain crops ‎decreases due to the use of agricultural mechanization in managing its agricultural ‎operations‏ .‏

Objectives: Identifying the future size of the family in Anbar Governorate, by ‎knowing the preferred number of children for the family, regardless of the actual ‎family size. The results of the 1997 population census, the results of the 2021 ‎field study, office sources, and some statistical methods, including the population ‎projection equation, were relied upon. As well as using tables, maps and figures to ‎facilitate comparison and draw conclusions
Method: The research relied on the analytical-deductive approach and the ‎adoption of quantitative methods to identify the existing reality of family size and ‎predict the future of families in Anbar Governorate‏.‏
Results: The trend towards reducing family size in Anbar Governorate appears ‎clear in the future. However, it is not similar to its counterpart in developed ‎countries. Rather, the trend is towards families with a size of (5-6) children, who ‎prefer the countryside, at a rate of (42.9%) of the total families in the countryside, ‎compared to (41.4%) of the total urban families who prefer (3-4). ) children‎‏.‏
Conclusion: The average family size for the year 2031 throughout the governorate ‎will decrease to (7.1) individuals in 2031, after it was (7.6) in 2021, and it will ‎decrease in urban areas to (6.8) individuals in 2031, after it was (7.2) individuals. ‎It is expected It will also decrease in the countryside to (7.3) individuals, after it ‎was (8) individuals for the year 2021‎‏.‏

Objectives: Educating farmers not to exploit salty lands until they are reclaimed, ‎because continuing to cultivate salty lands will lead to the failure of the ‎agricultural process‏.‏
Method: The research relied on the objective approach to study the existing ‎reality of the Amriya countryside, as well as the analytical-deductive approach to ‎know the crop structure of the study area and identify the most prominent factors ‎that led to the emergence and exacerbation of the problem‏.‏
Results: Wheat is considered one of the most important agricultural crops in the ‎study area in terms of its importance and area. It is one of the crops that is grown ‎mainly for the purpose of obtaining grains that are used as an important food for ‎humans and also used as fodder for animals. Salinity affects the size of the plant, ‎as the plants produced in saline conditions are small. Size compared to those ‎produced in non-saline conditions‏.‏
Conclusion: It is preferable to grow wheat in soil with a neutral reaction ranging ‎from (6 - 7.5) (PH), adopting the method of washing the soil in order to get rid of ‎soluble salts, using good quality irrigation water in a way that reduces the ‎percentage of salts on the soil surface, and expanding the cultivation of crops that ‎tolerate salinity‏ .‏

Objectives: Analysis of the morphological characteristics of the Akash Valley ‎basin located in western Iraq within the Anbar desert, most geological formations ‎in the valley are mostly due to the third and fourth time and evaluating the ‎hydrological reality of the valley basin through the morphological analysis of the ‎water drainage network‏.‏
Method: the inductive and analytical approach, the adoption of methods, ‎quantitative methods, mathematical standards, and spatial information systems ‎software‏.‏
Results: The valley basin is characterized by a high -drainage water network, and ‎in all its main and secondary basins, and the estuary area in the valley is ‎characterized by being vulnerable to flood due to the lack of river ranks and their ‎palace and the valley is considered in the youth stage. The results of the ‎Morphometer analysis also showed that the rate of elongation reached (0.4) and ‎the percentage of the consistency of the area reached (0.04), while the ocean ‎cohesion rate (5) and the pelvic form factor reached (0.17‎‏)‏
Conclusion: The stream is characterized by a very large drainage network, and it ‎is in its active and active session, and it is characterized by the terrain and ‎climatic characteristics that produced it and a valley is running in the winter, ‎especially during the peak of rainy days. The study also recommends conducting ‎many studies related to water harvesting in the Wadi Akash basin to benefit from ‎its surface and underground water and not to waste and lose it and benefit from it ‎through the application of water harvesting technology because of the great ‎importance in future investment in various fields, especially since the world is ‎about to a future water crisis, particularly Iraq Because all sources of his waters ‎are external‏.‏

This study aimed to culturally adapt the "Dragons of Inaction Psychological ‎Barriers" scale developed by Lacroix and her colleagues (Lacroix et al., 2019) in ‎the Canadian context, and measure the construct validity good-fit-indexes of the ‎standard model consisting of five psychological barriers and their stability in the ‎Arab environment. The study also sought to identify differences in the validity ‎and stability indicators of the standard model for both male and female samples ‎and differences in psychological barriers to climate change mitigation and ‎adaptation efforts due to education level, age, and social status. The sample ‎consisted of (497) adults in Saudi Arabia, aged between (27– 55) years (37.96 ± ‎‎7.88 years), with (279) males and (218) females. The "Dragons of Inaction ‎Psychological Barriers (DIPB)" scale was applied to the study sample, developed ‎by Lacroix et al. (2019) and adapted by the researcher for the Arab context in this ‎study. The results indicated that the scale has good validity and stability ‎indicators for both dimensions and the overall scale. Confirmatory factor analysis ‎revealed that the standard five-factor model of psychological barriers had good ‎of-fit construct validity indexes, with no differences between male and female ‎standard models in terms of validity and stability indexes, as both showed good ‎validity and stability. Additionally, the Bayesian independent samples t-test ‎showed differences in psychological barriers to climate change mitigation and ‎adaptation efforts due to education level, age group, and social status. Based on ‎these findings, the study recommended the urgent need to measure the ‎psychological barriers to interpret the gap between ‎ individuals' attitudes towards climate change and the actions they take to mitigate ‎it, to develop plans and policies based on scientific evidence. It also recommended ‎the importance of designing programs to reduce these psychological barriers ‎among individuals‏ .‏

This study aimed to identify the degree of implementing ISTE standards among ‎pre-service kindergarten teachers. It also revealed the effect of some independent ‎variables on the degree of implementing the standards. The study relied on the ‎descriptive approach applying a questionnaire to a sample of (81) pre-service ‎kindergarten teachers in Riyadh. The finding of the study showed that the degree ‎of implementing ISTE standards among the sample was "high", in general. The ‎results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the ‎responses of the sample members that can be related to the variable of number of ‎tec training courses, however they were statistically significant in training type ‎for the online learning. The study recommends the importance of updating the ‎national standards for kindergarten teachers in light of international standards; ‎and developing teacher preparation programs to include international standards. ‎

Objectives: Identify the obstacles to children’s creativity in Saudi society - what ‎creativity is - the obstacles that the child acquires from the school and family ‎environment, and from the group of friends, which limit his creative thinking, and ‎come up with a set of suggestions that contribute to enhancing the child’s ‎creativity‏.‏
Methodology: The study is descriptive and analytical. The sample social survey ‎approach was used, and the questionnaire tool was used on a sample of (101) ‎individuals‏.‏
Results: The most important conclusions of the study were based on the presence ‎of many personal obstacles specific to the child, such as: (fear and shyness, ‎limited experience, and getting used to wrong practices), and family obstacles, ‎such as: (lack of encouragement to take advantage of leisure time, practicing ‎criticism, reprimanding, and punishing, neglect). Excess within the family...), and ‎school obstacles, such as: (weak teacher encouragement, weak technological ‎means, weak teacher pedagogical capabilities) that affect the development of ‎creative thinking in the child.‎‏ ‏

Objectives: The current research aims to reveal the correlation between ‎Minmizationand and self-regard among university students.‎
Methods: according to some demographic variables. A tool was adopted to ‎measure self-regard (Betz & et al،‎ 1995) consisting of (20) items with five ‎alternatives ranging from (strongly agree to totally disagree). To ensure the ‎validity of the two tools،‎ the researchers calculated the apparent validity and the ‎content validity according to the method of the two extreme groups،‎ the paragraph ‎correlation coefficient on the total scale،‎ and the stability using the Cronbach ‎method for internal consistency،‎ as the stability of the first tool reached (0.77) and ‎the stability of the second tool (0.81)‎،‎ after which the two tools were applied to A ‎sample of (250) male and female university students (128) of whom were males ‎and (122) females.‎
Results: The results showed that university students practice Minmizationin their ‎daily interactions and that they have a high positive regard. The differences were ‎in a Minmizationin favour of males and in self-regard in favour of females. ‎
Conclusions: The research sample uses Minmizationin as a defensive tendency to ‎maintain psychological structure in the face of conflicting information to which ‎they are exposed during their interaction. It was also concluded that the greater ‎the Minmizationin, the lower self-esteem.The researchers recommended the ‎necessity of directing civil society organizations to provide aid، ‏support، ‏and ‎underestimation to people who suffer from failure and loss، ‏and suggested ‎conducting a study of research variables and different social segments.‎‏ ‏

Objectives: This study examined the developmental changes (Logical Reasoning ‎LOGT, Digital Spatial Search DSS, Selective Attention SA, and Physical Growth ‎PG), the level of emotional sensitivity (ES), and the relationship between ‎developmental changes in various dimensions (physical, psychological, and ‎cognitive) and emotional sensitivity among adolescents. ‎
Methods: Using RihaCom, two hundred and sixty-four males and females ranging ‎in age (14-17) years completed questionnaires measuring the aforementioned ‎psychological and cognitive constructs. ‎
Results: The results showed that the level of developmental changes and ‎emotional sensitivity was significantly high. The results also indicated that there ‎was a significant correlation between emotional sensitivity and psychological ‎changes, while there was a negative correlation between emotional sensitivity and ‎cognitive changes. The results also revealed that there are significant differences ‎in developmental changes and emotional sensitivity between the two age groups ‎‎(14-17) in favor of age (17) for the developmental changes (physical, ‎psychological, and cognitive) and in favor of age (14) for the emotional ‎sensitivity. Based on the research results, a set of recommendations were ‎formulated‏ .‏

The current research aimed to identify design thinking, and the differences at ‎those levels according to demographic variables, gender (males, females), ‎specialization (scientific, humanistic), scientific title (professor, assistant ‎professor, teacher). The research community included faculty members at the ‎University of Anbar For the academic year (2021/2022), which numbered (1701), ‎a sample of (400) teachers and instructors were selected from them. Out of (50) ‎paragraphs distributed on those (5) dimensions: (sympathy, identification, ‎perception, model building, and testing), with (10) paragraphs for each field, and ‎the alternatives were (applicable to a very large degree, and applicable to a large ‎degree, And it applies to a medium degree, and it applies to me to a small degree, ‎and it does not apply to me at all), and checking their psychometric properties, ‎and after using the statistical means of the occasion, the research reached the ‎following results: that the faculty members have high design thinking and ‎statistically significant, and that there are no differences in Design thinking ‎according to gender (male - female), and that there are no differences in In design ‎thinking according to the specialization (scientific - humanistic), there are ‎differences in design thinking according to the scientific title and in favor of the ‎title (Professor). To complement the current research, the researcher presented, in ‎light of the findings, a set of recommendations and suggestions.‎‏.‏

The current research aims to identify achievement motivation, self-control, and ‎academic buoyancy among middle school students and the statistical significance ‎of the correlation between achievement motivation and self-control, as well as ‎achievement motivation and academic buoyancy, as well as self-control and ‎academic buoyancy among middle school students. To achieve the research ‎objectives, the researcher selected a random sample from the community. The ‎research included middle school/fifth grade students for the academic year ‎‎(2023/2024) in the center of Babil Governorate. The Thomson equation was used ‎to extract the sample size. The result of the equation was that the sample size was ‎‎(370) students from the fifth grade of middle school. The sample was distributed ‎in a random manner with a proportional distribution. Applying the research tools ‎and using appropriate statistical tools and extracting the values of validity and ‎reliability of the research tools, it was found that there is a high level of ‎achievement motivation, self-control, and academic buoyancy among middle ‎school students, and the existence of a statistically significant correlation between ‎achievement motivation, self-control, achievement motivation, academic ‎buoyancy, self-control, and academic buoyancy. Among middle school students, ‎in light of these results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, and in ‎light of them, the researcher made several recommendations and proposals.‎‏ ‏