Engineering and Technology Journal

One of the main requirements of the truck tire sidewall are flexing resistance,
tensile strength and tear resistance, as well as resistance to weather conditions
experienced by tires during use, which include exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet
radiation. Therefore, the requirements and changing circumstances led to develop the
design parts of tires, and sidewall is more susceptible to these conditions, where it will
be studying the properties of truck tire sidewall produced by Al- Dewaniya Tires
Factory- Iraq, according to the specifications designed by Italian Perilli Co. since about
20 years ago, which prompted to development the mechanical and physical properties
of those components.
The present work aim to design stocks with high specifications, through the study
of the impact of the substantial material (rubber) in truck tire sidewall recipe. Natural
rubber, Standard Vietnam Rubber (SVR5) and synthetic rubber, Styrene-Butadiene-
Rubber(SBR1502),also the introduction of a new type of synthetic rubber is Poly
Butadiene (BRcis), filled with carbon black (N550) as a reinforcement agent with fixed
loading percentage (51pphr),as well as other components such as accelerators, antioxidants,
anti-ozonants and vulcanizing agent. Through laboratory testing found that
stocks containing (NR/SBR/BRcis) blending with (40/60/-), (40/50/10) and (40/40/20)
as a percentage loading has given good results in many tests including tensile, tear,
compression, hardness and fatigue crack growth resistance

The research aims to prepare composite materials of unsaturated polyester resin
reinforced by palm fiber extracted from different locations (Trunk, Petiole (bases
leaflet date palm tree), Rachis and Panicle) of the palm tree in Iraq. The study included
the effect of fiber length and their location within the plant as well as the percentage of
the volume fraction (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) on the mechanical properties,
thermal and acoustic insulation for all the samples prepared.
The results showed that mechanical as well as the thermal and acoustic insulation
properties increase with increased the volume fraction for all kinds of the date palm
fibers, whereas decrease with increased fiber length also those properties depend on the
natural of the date palm fibers as the following sequence (samples reinforced by petiole
fibers > samples reinforced by trunk fibers > samples reinforced by rachis fibers >
samples reinforced by panicle fibers).

Experimental investigation was carried out in low pressure steam turbine
cascade to determine the effect of exit pressure on two phases of saturated vapor
and fine water droplet. Numerical investigation was also presented by assuming the
flow is two dimensional, compressible, turbulent, viscous, with the aid of the
classical nucleation model applied for the mass transfer in the transonic conditions
to predict the two phases behavior in the cascade. Comparison between
experimental and theoretical results for the cascade flow was found to be fairly
acceptable. Experimentally it was found that the most important influence of rapid
condensation on the pressure distribution is on the suction surface. Also when the
outlet is termed supersonic the heat release causes a pressure rise in the zone of
rapid condensation, therefore the term "condensation shock" for this feature is
misleading. In the numerical approach when the flow is regard subsonic the rapid
condensation zone occurs downstream the throat and not accompanied by a
pressure rise, while in the experimental test for the same case there is no sign of
this condensation.

Erosion–corrosion of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy in NaCl–water solutions were
studied by weight-loss measurements through an impingement jet system. The
effect of sand concentration and fluid impingement angle, were investigated. The
sand used is Iraqi silica sand from Al-ardhimah .
The result showed that, increasing erosion time, will increase the erosion rate of
alloy samples for all sand concentration and impact angels. When the sand
concentration is increased the erosion-corrosion rate of alloy samples will
increase, and the maximum value of erosion –corrosion rates occur when the
impact angle is about( 45◦).The surface morphologies of eroded surface after
abrasive water-jetting, show that erosion rather than corrosion, controls the total
Erosion-Corrosion rate of Al-Mg-Si alloy in sand-containing NaCl–water
solutions.

In this research high strength structural lightweight mortar with compressive
strength in the range of 33.5-52.5 MPa and unit weight in the range of 1625-2105
kg/m3 is produced using perlite as fine aggregate. The current investigation deals
with using perlite fine aggregate as replacement of silica sand with different rates.
These rates are taken as percentage rates from the sand volume with values 15, 30,
45, 60 & 75%. Compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and
unit weight are conducted. The relation between these properties and the
percentage of replacing of silica sand with perlite is obtained. The results show that
using perlite as fine aggregate and as a replacement of silica sand reduces the unit
weight of mortar with linear rate and at the same time producing high strength
mortar, which can be used as structural lightweight mortar compared with normal
weight mortar

This paper presents an application of Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) in the
separately excited Direct Current (DC) motor drive (SEDM) system; the controller
designed according to Fuzzy Logic rules. Such that the system is fundamentally robust.
These rules have capability learning, can learn and tune rapidly, even if the motor
parameters are varied. The most commonly used method for the speed control of dc
motor is Proportional- Integral- Derivative (PID) controller. Simulation results
demonstrate that, the control algorithms Neuro-Fuzzy logic and PID, the dynamic
characteristics of the SEDM (speed, torque, as well as currents) are easily observed
and analyzed by the developed model. In comparison between the Neuro-fuzzy logic
controller and PID controller, the FLC controller obtains better dynamic behavior and
superior performance of the DC motor as well as perfect speed tracking with no
overshoot, and the proposed controller provides high performance dynamic
characteristics and is robust with regard to change of motor speed and external load
disturbance. This paper also discusses and compares the speed control systems of
SEDM using PID- controller conventional and Fuzzy Logic-controller. The entire
system has been modeled using MATLAB 10a/SIMULINK toolbox

Numerous quantitative relationships have been formulated to describe the nature of
surface-drainage networks. These relationships have been used in various studies of
geomorphology and surface-water hydrology, such as flood characteristics, sediment
yield, and evolution of basin morphology.
The study area lies in west of Iraq, in Al-Anbar province. With an area of 2754.33
Km². And the geographic coordinates of the study area is (40°, 27` E- 32°, 47` N).
(44°, 34` E - 33°, 36` N). DEM image were used with (90 m) resolution and the
drawing tools in ARC GIS program to delineate the total basin of the study area and
watersheds. We conclude that there were 31 watersheds in the study area and that
group of parameters were calculated such as (Basin Area, Basin Length, Basin
Diameter, Stream order Length, Differences between max and min Altitude,
Elongation, Circularity, Stream Density, Basin Form, Relief). The study shows that
the stream density was (8.481289828) Km/Km2 which mean that the study area has a
good discharge of water and sediments, the elongation in the study area is
(0.511549442) and that mean the study area is closer to a rectangular shape, and the
relief in the study area is (3.2816911) m/Km and it reflects that the study area had
poor effects of erosion and weathering.

In this research The specimens of composite materials were prepared from matrix
(polypropylene and polymethylmethacrylate)(80 /20) wt% in different weight
fractions(3,6,9,12 &15)wt% and different particle sizes(45,60,70&110)μm of
Bentonite.
The results have shown that after the reinforcement with different weight fraction
of Bentonite powder most mechanical properties such as hardness and modulus of
Elasticity increase. Elongation decreases with an increase in weight fraction of (3, 6,
9, 12, 15) wt% and decrease with particle size decrease (45, 60, 70, 110) μm.
Also the results have shown that the thermal stability of PP/PMMA increases with
addition of Bentonite and the thermal stability of small particle size (45 μm) was
higher than larger particle size (110 μm).
PP/PMMA/BN [(80/20/15) > (80/20/12) > (80/20/9) > (80/20/6) > 80/20/3)].
The results have shown the diffusion coefficient (D) was increased with temperatures
(30, 45, 60) C° and decreased with filler content (3, 6, 9, 12, 15) wt% increase.
The activation energy (E) increase with filler content (BN) increase and (E) increases
with particle size of BN filler decrease.
Also the results have shown the addition of BN particles of PP/PMMA blend
increases the discontinuity and restricts the growth of crystal therefore crystalline
peak intensity is reduced in filler blend composite. Addition of large particle size of
BN adversely affects the crystallization of PP

Administration deals with the issue of calculating the value of the work because of
its importance in the selection of employees.
There are two different methods the (QUANTITATIVE) technique and
(QUALITATIVE) technique.
In this research we have addressed ourselves to one of the quantitalive
method, in order to Calculate the (RELATIVE FACTORS IMPORTANCE) to the
value of work, by using linear programming method ,to build a linear model
characterized by realistic values of results obtained but not including the value of
the wage paid (PERFORMANCE EVALUATION) in any relation of the
model proposed.
The important results derived from the research is the possibility
of assessing the efficiency of performance in a more equitable
and less time and efforts of the adoption of this approach
of research, using custom software calculator to solve this kind of problems

Experimental investigations of the behavior of reinforced concrete three-span
continuous beams with 1200 mm length for each span, with cross-section 120 mm
width and 180 mm depth strengthened by CFRP in flexure case of beams have
been presented. The experimental program consisted of nine RC beams, which
were strengthened at some locations with CFRP laminates and carefully designed
to fail in flexure. The results show that the use of external CFRP laminate
connected to the beams could enhance the ultimate flexural load capacity up to
102.88%.

This paper aims to study the behavior and strength of ferrocement beams under flexural loading. Seven specimens (four simply supported rectangular beams and three simply supported T-beams) are tested under flexural load. An analytical method is proposed to analyze the ferrocement beams. A three-dimensional finite element computer program is developed in this paper to study the nonlinear behavior of ferrocement beams. The quadratic 20-node brick elements are used to model the mortar. The wire mesh layers are considered as smeared layers embedded within the brick element. The skeletal bars are modeled as axial members embedded within the brick element. Material nonlinearity due to the response of mortar in compression, crushing, cracking in tension, tension stiffening and shear retention effect of cracked mortar and yielding of wire mesh and skeletal bar are considered. Good agreement between the experimental work results, the analytical and the finite element results are achieved.

The aim of the present work is to study the virtual mass (added mass)
coefficients for spherical-cap bubbles were measured by using five different
spherical-cap sizes made of steel. The bodies were suspended by a fine wire over
an aluminum pulley to weights which provided the driving force. The time taken
for the spherical-cap bodies to moving through different distances were measured
with a stop-watch. The force balance of accelerated motion for spherical-cap
bodies is investigated and added mass coefficient is measured. The added mass
coefficient for spherical-cap bodies a simulation of spherical-cap bubbles with
different wake angle (50,60.5,75,90,120) degree is (19.76,8.86,4.08,2.69,1.26)
respectively. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results
from some investigators.

The actual trend is to integrate complementary wireless technologies with
overlapping coverage, to provide the expected ubiquitous coverage and to achieve
the Always Best Connected (ABC) concept. Therefore, the continuation of an
active call is proof to that trend, and can satisfied that trend by good handover
management.
This paper, focus on the vertical handover decision process and improvement
of network performance when the user's position and optimum path are taken into
account. From the results the improvement in handover time by(5-30msec) was
materialize, well, reduce the memory size

Traffic congestion has become a phenomenon of the normal daily things to the Iraqis in recent years. In the present study, three legs ground intersection of, modern village in Alexandria / Babil province and a comprehensive study were made to identify the level of service at the intersection in the base year (2011), threealternatives have been proposed to ensure the work of the intersection in acceptable level of service in the target year (after 25 years from now). The highway capacity software (HCS-2000) was used in the assessment and indicators of effectiveness for the intersection. Traffic analysis results showed that the intersection level of service works is of type (F) at both years of the foundation and goal (2011, 2036). In the first alternative a Trumpet type interchange was suggested for the direction coming from Karbala to Baghdad, and the level of service for the intersection of this alternative ranges between (A) to (B) in the base year and ranging from (B) and (C) in the target year. The second alternative includes the construction of two-way over-pass on the main road between Baghdad and Hilla; the results of this alternative are similar to the results of the first option alternative. The third proposal has included the establishment of one-way over-pass from Baghdad to Hilla; the remaining movements in the intersection were controlled by a traffic signal. After analysis it was found that, the traffic level of service works the intersection of type (C) in the target year delay time of (23.4 sec), which is considered an acceptable level of serviceafter 25 years of theestablishment

In this research, two activated sludgeexperimental laboratoryplants were
constructed and operated using dairy wastewater. One of these plants were operated
at high temperatures of (40 – 60 oC) “Thermophilic microorganisms reactors",
whereas the other one were operated at constant temperature of (25 oC)“Mesophilic
reactor”. The resultsshowed that the organic removal efficiency of "Mesophilic
reactor" was more than the "Thermophilic reactors" and it decreasedwith increasing
the temperature.The kinetic parameters for the both mode of operations were also
calculated. The value of the substrate removal rate constant (k) for the "Mesophilic,
25ºC" reactor was (0.017 day-1) and it was greater than others for the thermophilic
reactors.(k) and (Y) decreased with increasing the temperature. The values of (Ks),
(Umax), and (Kd) in the thermophilic reactors were more than the corresponding values
in the mesophilic reactor and increased with increasing the temperature