AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

Universities governance became a wide field to discussing, Studying and researching because it become administrative concept to embody through it methodical and program power in practicing management, it is the result of formal and informal react between government, private sector and civilized society to design and develop public policies of universities . Thus this researching field become on the Top of interesting register of different institutions, organizations and governments which intended with institutional structure, reform and development, in management, and improvement the general situation of universities, to mark the fact of Anbar University governance, diagnose and measure its dimensions, this study it was launched in that field by measuring the dimensions of Anbar University governance under the governance card used by the World Bank program and programs access to its entrepreneurship and its success.

This study aimed at identifying the extent of quality of relationships the supply chain in Jordanian Companies Manufacturing Drugs, and the effect of these relationships on the performance of this chain, The unit of analysis consisted of (78) directors and heads of departments of this companies. The study has concluded a number of findings, most importantly show that the quality of relationships among the parties of the supply chain have a positive and direct effect on its performance. In light of the study results, a number of recommendations were suggested including: the continuation of the Jordanian Companies, which manufacture drugs, in adopting and applying the principle of the quality of relationships with their partners from the parties of the supplying chain.

(creativity, learning, cooperation, participation and commitment of time) on Organizational Development (OD) in the researched organizations in the north region (Al al-Bayt University, Jordan University of Science and Technology and Yarmouk University). The researcher used descriptive analytical method, A purposive sample consists of (150) employees in all managerial levels was taken to acquire the required data.
To test the proposed model of this research deductively, questionnaire was used to collect data A number of 150 questionnaires were distributed. The collected data was manipulated by the use statistical methods. The study found that there is a statistically significant impact of organizational culture represented by learning, participation, and respecting time on (OD) Whereas there is no-statistically significant impact of on (OD).
This research recommends the management researched organizations to pay attention and to exert more efforts for more creativity, and to encourage employees the main pillars in the organization. Finally, It could be concluded that building an organizational culture that encourage excellence, teamwork, and team spirit could be success factors for developing work processes

The present search addressed the " organizational climate and impact in employees infiltration " Where has the objective organizational climate of and Employees Infiltration of increasing importance at the present time , for being fairly modern topics,which have a tremendous impact on the success of organizations.. Research aims to identify the relationship and influence the organizational climate, as represented by its dimensions (leadership, incentives, technology) in the employees infiltration staff leak carpets Inc know levels of organizational climate available to employees of the company discussed and most importantly, searches the Iraqi carpets factory, To achieve the research objectives identified was developed consisting of (22) to collect data from a sample of the study (31), the researchers have used descriptive analytical using statistical software (SPSS) for access to the results, the research found that most hypotheses of relationship and impact between organizational climate and employees infiltration between dimensions are hypotheses and inverse function It also recommended a number of recommendations including: intensification of seminars,

The study problem is crystallized around answering the major following question : what is the relationship between the empowerment level and job satisfaction level of the the Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control and The study population consisted of directors and the sample size (80) officers.The researchers used the descriptive approach, and used the questionnaire as a tool to the study. Study results showed that the level of managers working in the Central Organization for Standardization and quality control from their point of view with a mean (3.80 out of 5), a medium degree, the level of job satisfaction for of managers working in the Central Organization for Standardization and quality control from their point of view with a mean (3.90 out of 5), a medium degree, there is a direct correlation strong positive

This study aims to examine the role that organisational culture's types plays in promoting organizational loyalty from the views of administrative leaders in the technical administrative institute in the city of Arbil. The study sample included (37) of the administrative leadership at the Institute, the researchers adopted descriptive statistical analysis. The study has come to a number of results, the most important results was there is a significant correlation between organizational culture, its types includes (Bureaucratic Culture, Innovative Culture, Supportive Culture, and Process Culture) and organizational loyalty its dimensions includes (a sense of belonging, integration and effective contribution). While, a lack of correlation with sincerity and fulfilling demension has been occure. As for the impact of organizational culture on organizational loyalty, it has been statistically significant accessible existence of the impact of organizational culture on the dimensions of (a sense of belonging, and integration and effective contribution), while it record a lack of impact of organizational culture on sincerity and fulfilling demension. Based on the results of the study, reserchers presented a number of recommendations and suggestions, such as the need for attention to providing a sense of worker loyalty and increase loyalty to the organization through the application of monetary and non- monetary incentives system as well as encourage them to attend internal or external programs of training and development in order to raise the efficiency of employees performance

The research aims to determine the nature of the correlation and the relationship of the impact of organizational career Balastgrac confidence among workers in the mayor of Sulaimaniyah center. And dealt with these search style modern administrative in the application of administrative practices, at the present time, in spite of its appearance in the early management science. In this research the researchers relied on (Organizational Trust) key variable independent included three dimensions represented by (b trust in colleagues, confidence in the president, trust in senior management) and the main variable responder (career soundly), which included three dimensions represented by (b soundly cognitive cognitive, emotional soundly, soundly physical material.

Iraq needs to coordination between the monetary and fiscal authorities and institutional arrangements for this coordination more than other countries, especially after the modern trends pursued by the monetary and fiscal policy after 2003. Where both the two policies taken opposite directions, monetary policy has taken a deflationary policy but fiscal policy, it has taken an expansionary policy, which reduced the expansionary fiscal policy success rates and cost of monetary policy many financial costs.

This study aimed at identifying the effect of external debt on economic development in Palestine, The government debt in Palestine is an important and sensitive issue that draws the attention of researchers and politicians. The importance of this issue increases if we know that the financial resources available to the Palestinian government are limited and not sufficient to meet the needs of Palestinians.
The researchers follow the descriptive statistical approach to describe the variables of the study، and quantitative approach to measure the effect of external public debt on economic development، using regression analysis. This study relied on time-series data for the Palestinian economy، for the period from 2000 to 2013.
The main results of the study: there is an inverse relationship between the external public debt and GDP with other independent variables were held constant, as the independent variables in the model estimated explain 56% of the change in GDP.
The researchers recommended a series of recommendations:
The Palestinian economic strategy should reduce depending on foreign loans for funding economic development in Palestine

The importance of military expenditures has become a burden economically growing on the state budget in many countries, but that the search for the effects surrounded by great difficulties notably that alimony out often about the economic scale to settle in the political and strategic area, which means that their control is difficult, therefore, have State to be very careful of what caused these effects of the economic dangers must be avoided.
There is no doubt that military spending is one of the channels that are involved in the growing inflationary pressures, although the size of this depends mainly on the relative weight to the size of military expenditure in GDP, that gravity is determined by the axial dimension of the relationship between military expenditures and the general level of prices.
Whenever this was a great gravity, lead change in which it occurs to bring about repercussions felt in various types of economic variables, including the overall general level of prices.
Military expenditures and positively influence the general price level, ie it upwards will raise the prices, and vice versa, which means that it will contribute one way or another and in a manner directly or indirectly in the creation of inflationary pressures which requires reduce it if alleviate these pressures.

Caused financial derivatives and securitization bond operations in real estate and financial credit is rated by the lax legal controls on the one hand , And the rule of financial greed in major financial groups of real estate on the other hand , Financial bubble caused by poor liquidity in the coffers of banks financed the real estate activity resulting from the weak capacity of the beneficiaries to repay the financial , Which sparked the financial crisis , And reflected a lack of liquidity on the activity of some companies stopped production and low levels of investment and lack of use , Which loomed on the horizon, the specter of recession and lack of operating . Did not leave the global financial crisis in the early hold its impact on the Iraqi economy, the fact that the financial market of the Iraqi market is not active at the global level , However, the impact of the crisis quickly turn to the Iraqi economy by turning the dynamics of the financial crisis of the financial sector to the real sector - productive and get a recession in the U.S. industry giant , Thereby transferring the impact to the global energy markets down oil prices as a result of lack of demand, , And by virtue of relevance of the Iraqi economy and its association with the outputs of the extractive industry and the vagaries of the oil market has moved the repercussions of the global financial crisis for Iraq through the impact on the resources of the state budget , Surely us that the domestic financial market did not enter into the orbit of financial globalization has not been the scene of Financial Investments intercontinental

Iraq suffers from high unemployment, combined with several indicators, including unemployment among youth and scientific qualifications, small and medium enterprises is one of the most important mechanisms that contribute a large proportion of employment and reduction of unemployment, due to the flexibility in employment in the business community, as well as its role in national development, and their dependence on individual initiatives.And notes on Iraq is that those projects are still far from its leading role and purpose of existence, because there are multiple constraints

In this paper, the measurement and analysis of the most important factors affecting the phenomenon of corruption in the educational level of the University of Salahuddin in accordance with the use of inductive and analytical style by using multiple regression analysis, and have been validated hypotheses, and then come to a set of conclusions including:
1. The results showed that the percentage (80.46%) of the teachers and students point to the existence of the phenomenon of corruption in the faculties of the University of Salahuddin, and this reinforces the existence of rampant corruption in this important and which had a negative impact on the educational level of the enterprise.
The results showed that the causes of corruption in the university by the views of teachers and students surveyed due to the following reasons :( student organizations, political parties, the university administration, the employees corrupt).
3. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the university corruption and low educational level, and which states that the increase in corruption, leading to increased low level of education in the University of Salahuddin.
4. Search Results showed that there is a significant effect statistically significant corruption in its various dimensions on the level of education at the university and at all levels (scientific level of the students and professors and the university administration and the completion of scientific research))

The process of developing the production sectors of the economy have become influential forces in most countries of the world, especially in developed countries, in particular developing countries in general, because they contribute to the economic growth of the country by providing the largest number of operating and the labor force and contribute to the value of Alantah GDP and other opportunities..
Show Find a decrease percentage contribution of these sectors to the GDP results gradually, especially after the year 2003 and the fall of the regime, he is still Economics Rei (unilateral) Despite the availability of Almwardalaadidh and diverse potentials in it, therefore, the adoption of appropriate and effective for the state of the Iraqi economy and its sectors basic Strategies with the appropriate environment provides so would lead to reduce dependence on the oil sector in the formation of the gross domestic product and increase the proportion of the contribution of other economic sectors such as agriculture and industry which leads to raise the productivity of constituent economic sectors of the Iraqi economy and the thus increasing gross domestic product, which in turn addresses the problems that passes the Iraqi economy in general..

This study aimed to identify the health services in government and private hospitals in the city of Arbil during the period (2010-2015), and the study found a range of results, and including:
1-There are a variety of services in the field of health are introduced in hospitals in Erbil for the citizens is not confined to a particular service Vqt.o but health services in private hospitals more quality compared to government hospitals.
2-There are more skilled cadres in terms of competencies sick in the hospital Rizgari The terms of reference laboratories, pharmaceutical and general surgery advantage in a number of medical staff in other government hospitals.

This research aims to identify the estimated value of the wasted consumption of wheat and rice in the city of Erbil, restaurants, and find ways to address them. And then search to find a set of conclusions, including:
1- concludes that the average waste of bread and Iraqi baking stone equal to the number (45.87) kg / day and (50.77) kg / day and respectively, while the average wastage of rice and bulgur wheat for one day is equal to (3.364) kg / day and (0.893) kg / day and respectively.
2- concludes that the total value of annual grain wastage in the city of Erbil Restaurants reached (871 565 186) of the Iraqi dinar, and when converted into US dollars according to the exchange rates prevailing in Erbil market for the month of July 2016 of (697,252.15) US dollar. This shows the waste of a large amount of wheat and rice in the city of Erbil and restaurants that adversely affect food security, as well as the loss of large sums of money which could be used to achieve food security for the Kurdistan Region -Iraq
Finally research presented a series of Suggestions and including:
1- Educate and increasing consumer culture, especially housewives and workers in restaurants and confectionery and ovens, in order to decrease waste of grain consumption, and thus lower waste of natural resources and the human and financial-in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.
2- Establishing Research Center and the Kurdish consumer protection, so this center is linked to the University of Salahuddin and goal directed and rationalize consumption-in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Today in order to remain viable and success, the organizations in the world must continue offering new services by using less resource. One of the means that can help in this are expert systems , so according of the variables in the current business environment , recent years have seen an increasing use of expert systems in many fields, including banking accounting work, which is one of the most important features of these systems are assembled to the experiences of a number of experienced experts , and use them in banking accounting work to gain the basic success factors ( quality , time , cost , creative) which reflect on organization value Which leads to an increase in profits

This study aims to identify the role of dimensions of green marketing on achieving competitive advantage in one of the pharmaceutical companies in Erbil City. In this study, the independent variables comprises four main dimensions which they are (Cancel the concept of waste or reduce it, re-design of the product, the clarity of relationship between price and cost, and making environmental orientation profitable issue). While, the variables of competitive advantage (dependent variable) represented by three dimensions, namely (profitability, market share, and perceived image). To achieve the aim of the study, a survey questionnaire has been design and distributed directly to the sample of the study that encompass of managers, heads of departments, and a number of employees totalling of 260 employees in the company's under study, and (85) questionnaires returned that compose (33%) form the total of employees. Collected data has been analysed by using the program of (SPSS), and study comes to the following results:

The research purposes to study the awareness of the industrial firms in the Kurdistan Region towards the environment and society. It investigates social responsibility costs that companies defray. Additionally, it examines the impact of those costs on reduction of environmental risks. To obtain the research objectives, both primary and secondary data set were collected and analyzed. Questionnaires, distributed among selected manufacturing companies and the directorate of environment in Sulaimani city, were depended on in addition to the data were received from the monthly environmental reports of the companies regarding their operating activities. Using statistical analysis, the results indicate that industrial firms in the Kurdistan Region follow to the instructions and laws of social and environmental responsibility issued by the ministry of environment. Moreover, it indicates that social responsibility costs leads to reduce environmental risks concerning the pollution of air, water, land.

The search aims to clarify the role of management accounting for implementation the purposes of the search (planning, control, performance evaluation) in Iraq's commercial banks. Management accounting has tools and different methods enable management to implement its functions if used properly in order to achieve the desired goals of using.
Researcher adopted many of statistical methods in the analysis of the search data: The researcher used the program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the descriptive method that extracts the frequencies and percentages to identify the characteristics of the search sample. Averages and standard deviations were extracted to identify degree of response of the search sample on questionnaire items. in addition; to the selection of the normal distribution (T-test One-Sample), grade and Cronbach alpha test.
The search found the most important of which there is a focus on management accounting of conventional, especially planning budgets, a main tool for planning, monitoring and evaluation of performance in Iraq's commercial banks, which have achieved better use of time and flexibility to make adjustments and analyze deviations and operational decision-making, financing and investment.
The search recommends the need to strengthen attention to the methods and tools Accounting Administrative modern, through an emphasis on activities that add value to commercial banks, and the need for familiarity with officials preparing accounting information management quantitative methods and mathematical and statistical, as well as to strengthen attention to the variables of the business environment, whether internal or external to have the ability to stay in the competition.