Engineering and Technology Journal

Laboratory unit was designed to simulate (T2) line in Alrustamyia station for
sewage treatment southern part of Baghdad city . The work involved two stages,
before and after prearation tank and primary settling tank. Storage wastewater
samples problem was overcome through using rotary cooling system at 2 C . The
encouraging results obtained from previous work (new chemical treatment of
prearated wastewater) were employed for the completion of our continuous feeding
experiments on a laboratory unit scale . The flow rate was used as a control factor for
monitoring the concentration of pollutants in the treated wastewater treated . The
selected flow rate included the basic design flow rate of the T2 line (1X) and new
flow rates (2X and 4X). The our new techniques involved the continuous feeding
were reduced the concentrations ofBiological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total
Suspended Solid (TSS), liberated the entrapped oil and greases as well as reducing
other pollutants. It was found that 2X flow rate was the best flow rate which doubled
the quantity of wastewater treated and reduced the resident time of treatment to the
half

Human visual system can interpret and perceive images at different levels
where colour, shape, texture and object detection are low level features interpreted
well by healthy human visual system, in the same manner detected objects are
perceived according to ontological approach.
This paper is devoted to present Content Based Image Retrieval system as
continues efforts to bridging the semantic gap between semantic concepts and low
level feature of images.
The proposal presented by this paper is focusing on investigating images for
conceptual objects topology, by integrating knowledge of multiple Agents
collaborated to abstract images into concepts.
Agents individually or collaboratively will promote low level image features to
semantic concepts and these concepts will be subjected to certain ontology
designed in specific domain to semantically index this image and later to be
retrieved according to special query accommodating indexing strategy

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of methanol extract of
Anethumgraveolens(Dill) on serum lipoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic mice.A
total of 24 male mice (average 25gm body weight) were used in this study. Mice
were divided into four groups was injected with 100mg/kg ofalloxan to induce
hyperglycemic in mice, the first group (1) was used as control (+ve) group (6 mice)
which fed on basal diet only and the other three groups fed on basal diet containing
0.5, 1 and 2mg/ml of methanol extract (single daily dose of 1 ml). The
experimental feeding period was 21 days.The changes in serum triglyceride (TG),
total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low
density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by using enzymatic
kits.However, the HDL-Cconcentrate decreased relative to control mice. Treatment
of hyperlipidaemic mice with dill extract in concentration 1 and 2mg/ml up to 21
days reversed the serum lipid levels compared to mice which were fed basal diet
only.

The spectral properties (absorption and fluorescence) of laser dyes
(Rhodamine6G, Rhodamine 3GO and Rhodamine B) mixture have been studied.
This type of laser dye belongs to the Xanthenes family, it has dissolved in
chloroform to prepare (1*10-5 M) in different ratio such as (1R6G:1R3GO:1RB,
2R6G:1R3GO:1RB, 3R6G:1R3GO:1RB, 4R6G:1R3GO:1RB, 1R6G:2R3GO:1RB,
1R6G:3R3GO:1RB, 1R6G:4R3GO:1RB, 1R6G:1R3GO:2RB, 1R6G:1R3GO:3RB,
and 1R6G:1R3GO:4RB) at room temperature.
The quantum efficiency of the dissolved Rhodamine in chloroform has been
computed by using the above ratio and their results are as follows (89%,92%,
93%,95%,92%,93%,94%,84%,84%,and 84%) respectively.
The Radiative lifetime have been computed as given
(0.188,0.19,0.203,0.209,0.198,0.196,0.201,0.191,0.207,and0.219ns)respectively.
Fluorescence lifetime have been also computed as given
(0.167,0.174,0.189,0.198,0.182,0.183,0.189,0.160,0.174,and0.184ns) respectively

This Paper will discuss Auto Teller Machine (ATM) system security facts and
theft problems, crimes, hacking and attacks. In this paper will Implement ATM system
that use the user signature image as password beside user’s PIN information, to
realize more secure verification and authentication to ATM bank users, also to strength
the ATM security for prevent theft and to combat ATM crime. The ATM system will
implement Inquiry, Deposit, and Withdrawal transactions for users.

In this work, Nanostructured TiO2 thin films were grown by pulsed laser
deposition (PLD) technique on glass substrates at 300 °C. TiO2 thin films were then
annealed at 400-600 °C in air for a period of 2 hours. Effect of annealing on the
structure, morphology and optical properties were studied. The X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements confirmed that the films
grown by this technique have good crystalline tetragonal mixed anatase and rutile
phase structure and homogeneous surface. The study also reveals that the RMS value
of thin films roughness increased with increasing annealing temperature .The optical
properties of the films were studied by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The optical
transmission results shows that the transmission over than ~65% which decrease with
the increasing of annealing temperatures. The allowed indirect optical band gap of the
films was estimated to be in the range from 3.49 to 3.1 eV. The allowed direct band
gap was found to decrease from 3.74 to 3.55 eV with the increase of annealing
temperature. The refractive index of the films was found from 2.27 -2.98 at 550nm.
The extinction coefficient increase with annealing temperature.

Industrial wastewaters from local state textile industry (Al-Khadimia Textile
Co.) as well as aqueous prepared solutions of color dyes were subjected to simple
physico-chemical treatment. The effect of pollutants concentrations, magnesia and
other coagulants doses, filtration rate and the overall run time on the water quality
were studied in detail.
The treatment involves the addition of either magnesia or lime-water
suspensions (combined with CPE) in various doses, 0.1-1.0 g/l to the wastewater
and colored samples, to study the effect of varying doses on the treatment
efficiency. The optimum values of MgO doses were found to be 0.2-0.4 g/l for
synthetic colored. Doses of 0.05-0.2 g/l were the best for industrial wastewater.
The removal efficiency of all the pollutants in the different samples increases to
more than 95% by increasing the pH values to the range of 9.5 to 10 with MgO
coagulant and pH of 11.5 to 12 with CaO coagulant.
In the jar experiments the rotation speed, N, of 120-140 rpm, for two
minutes was the most favorable speed of coagulation mixing for industrial waters.
For flocculation, the mixing speed of 35-40 rpm, (G of 40-45 s-1) gave the best
removal efficiencies with 20-30 min detention time.
At the best operating conditions of the pilot plant, the removal efficiencies of
Turbidity, TSS, and color were 97-99%, 94-96%, 94-95%. The TDS removal
efficiency was of 39% for Al-Khadimia wastewater.

Hill cipher is a classical cipher which is based on linear algebra. In this method,
matrices and matrix multiplication have been used to combine the plaintext.
Heuristic search is a search techniques. The methods of HS are: (GA, SE, EP,
MA, TS). Genetic algorithms are one of Heuristic search, it is search techniques
which is used natural selection. GAs select optimal solution through three
operations, they are : selection, crossover and mutation. The parameters are kept in
memory and the best values of fitness have been selected to represent next
generation.
Memetic Algorithm is one of Heuristic search , a memetic algorithm is an
extension of the traditional genetic algorithm. It uses a local search
technique to reduce the likelihood of the convergence, to reach the best
solution.
This paper focuses on using MA and GA to find optimal solution to
cryptanalyse Hill cipher. Then comparing two methods of crossover to see which
one has best solution, and comparing between GA and MA to see which one has
best solution.
MATLAB is used as M-FILE.Theresults ofcryptanalysis cleared as following:-
1- Without genetic algorithms: The number of correct letters for the key was 1 out
of 9.
2- Using genetic algorithms: two methods are used, and they have been compared
of crossover, they are single and multi- crossover points randomly. After (250)
generation, the number of correct letters was 4 out of 9 when single crossover
point is used. The number of correct letters was 8 out of 9 when multi crossover
point are used. So multi crossover point have best solution. Genetic algorithms
are applied successfully.
3- Using Memetic Algorithms. After (100) generation, the number of correct
letters was 8 out of 9. So MA is better than Genetic algorithms.
4- the number of correct letter was 9 out of 9 when the MA is used.

In this paper, we reported the study of Cd1-xZnxS thin film which have been
deposited on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD ) technique by
using Cadmium sulphate, Zinc sulphate, thiourea, Ammonia and EDTA. The
thickness of Cd0.5Zn0.5S thin films with different deposition times, pH, and
temperature are also study and show increase with increasing times pH, and
temperature. The optimum condition to prepared Cd0.5Zn0.5S thin films were
obtained in times 3h, temperature 80 ºC, and pH 10.
Structure and surface morphology of Cd1-xZnxS thin films were characterized by
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force microscope (AFM), and Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) Measurements. The XRD indicates that all the grown films show
only one diffraction peak located at (2θ= 26.7°) with hexagonal structure in
predominant (002). The average grain size changes from 9.3nm to 4.48nm with the
increase in zinc content (x = 0 to 0.65). It was found that as the zinc content
increases, the peak intensity decreases and for (x ≥ 0.7) the films have amorphous
character. The values of lattice constant ‘a’ and ‘ c’ have been observed to vary with
composition from 5.75 nm to 4.68 nm and 6.66 nm to 6.62 nm, respectively, with the
increase in zinc content (x = 0 - 0.65). The AFM studies showed that the smooth
surface texture was observed in the deposited Cd1-xZnxS films with x= 0.3, the
surface roughness of the Cd1-xZnxS thin films is about 2.66nm to 9.47nm and the
root mean square (RMS) is about 3.41nm to 11.9nm with increase in zinc content x
= 0.3 to 0.6. The SEM exhibits that grains in the film are distributed to cover the
surface of the substrate completely, the grains become small in diameters with
increasing Zn-contents.

This paper discusses the properties of the characteristic polynomial of the
complete graphs Kn, n=1, 2… respective to the adjacency matrices. Two different
types of matrices, the adjacency matrix and the signless Laplacian matrix, are
presented. A recurrence relation for computing the characteristic polynomials
depending on the adjacency matrix is introduced. We deduce that the coefficients of
the polynomials based on the two different matrices have a relationship with Pascal
triangle. The coefficients are computed using Matlab program. Many other properties
of these coefficients are discussed also.

There has been a considerable effort in several fields, for objective color analysis
and characterization. This paper study the problem of teeth color estimation using the
most common color space in current use being the Commission International ed’
Eclairage L*a*b* parameters of the captured images were derived from Photoshop
software and saved as digital shade guides. A set of ceramic teeth shade was used,
Images were captured with high resolution digital camera with LED flash and the data
obtained was used to calculate the L*a* and b* values, these values conventionally
obtained directly from RGB space. This paper proposed a method to estimating teeth
color information from acquired camera data by calculating the L*a*b*values from the
device independent color space the CIEXYZ space using transformation matrix which is
involve calibration and characterization parts. The results showed significant correlation
between data obtained from the digital camera using calibration and characterization
process with that obtained from spectrophotometer, also the result showed that the digital
camera can be used for color measurements in dental clinic, where the digital imaging
could be an alternative for using colorimetric or spectrophotometric methods.

This work is aimed to estimate the life time of the MOSFET power transistor
through an empirical implementation work merged with statistical applications. In the
empirical part the MOSFET power transistors are subjected to high
frequency(50kHz) via an electronically controlled model using advanced driving
circuit (IR2113) that reduce the Miller effect of load side reflected to the transistor
gate, so minimum voltage noise , to obtain accurate results. The statistical approach is
based on developing simulation technique using Weibull distribution to estimate the
life time of MOSFET power transistor. Two methods (maximum likelihood and order
regression) were applied for simulated data of the actual performance to provide an
accurately prediction of the failure time. The transistor was tested by supply variable
voltages from zero to break down voltage and different results are observed. The
results show that the first of the suggested method gives a best performance for
simulation results compared with the two of the conventional methods

The present study included the application of Sequence Batch Reactor SBR
technology for the treatment of domestic grey water which represents (50-80%) of
the households wastewater.
Different cycle times were used 6, 8 & 12 hrs. at each cycle time, The
characteristics of (PO4
-1, NO3
-1, COD) were studied of influent, effluent and through
interaction samples in the reactor to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment
technology used.
It was concluded that removal efficiency of organic matters (COD) increases
with increasing the cycle time. Nitrate ( NO3
-1 ) removal was dependent on the
availability of nutrients for microorganisms. On the other hand, optimum removal of
phosphate occurred when aerobic and anoxic periods were equal.
when comparing the values characteristics (S.S, pH) for treated grey water with
the Iraqi specification, it was found that there was a fair convergence in values. As for
the values of electrical conductivity (EC), they were considered suitable for good
bearing salts plants according to U.S. Salinity Laboratory classification

Genotoxic effects of two wildly used rodenticides in Iraq (Zinc phosphate and
Brodifacoum) were administered in to the Balb\c and wildtype mice, by using
sperm head abnormality and reproductive activity.The results showed that the
rodenticides have the ability to induce sperm head abnormalities at equal rate in
both Balb\c and wildtype mice. Also these rodenticides showed a reduction in
the individual of both sexes which might lead to a dominant lethal mutation
(Embryo mortality no zygotes) in both Balb\c and wildtype

In this work, detailed investigation was carried out on a large number of casted
cement blocks,which have been immersed in water for various time periods . It was
shown that the physical and mechanical properties of the cement castings depended on
the immersion period as well as on the solidification degree of the cement,which
implies the effectiveness of the degree of hydration of the cement samples.These
specimens were subjected to external compressive stresses,ultrasonic testing showed
that the velocity of the ultrasonic waves dependent the applied stresses values .
There is a critical stress after which the velocity seem to be reduced suddenly and
effectively .This may be correlated with the initiation of cracks as a first stage of failure
.This sudden reduction in wave velocity was only clear in specimens whose completed
hydration and curing .However, this behaviour was not exhibited in specimens with
lower degrees of curing or hydration before that critical stress,the wave velocity seem to
gradually reduce due to various degrees of defotmation