Sport culture

The study aimed to build a battery to measure some motor abilities as an indicator for evaluating the students and to derive criteria for the final battery vocabulary. The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of correlative relations and its relationship to the nature of the study, and the research community was identified with middle school students aged (16-18) years in the Tikrit district, and the sample was chosen randomly, which numbered (200) students from a total of (10) schools divided into two parts, the first The construction and exploratory sample, and the second part is the application sample, and the data was treated statistically using the system (SPSS) using (arithmetic mean, standard error, standard deviation, skew coefficient, simple correlation coefficient, factor analysis, z- and t-degree). And they concluded through the factor analysis, (5) factors for motor abilities were extracted from the (8) factors that appeared after rotation, and the motor abilities test battery consisted of (5) tests that receded between (motor response, agility and compatibility), which indicates the importance of these The characteristics of this age group, balance and flexibility did not appear, and the levels of motor abilities declined between acceptable and weak, which is an indicator of the sample’s weakness in relation to their health fitness.
The two researchers recommended the adoption of tests and measurements extracted in the process of continuous evaluation of Tikrit female students aged (16-18) years, and the adoption of the criteria reached by the researchers in the evaluation and selection process.

The study aimed to build a battery to measure some physical indicators for the students and to derive criteria for the final battery vocabulary. The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the correlative relationships method and its relationship to the nature of the study. The research community was identified with middle school students aged (16-18) years in the district of Tikrit, and the sample was chosen by random method and its number is (200) female students from a total of (10) schools divided into two parts, the first is the construction and exploratory sample, and the second part is the application sample. The data were treated statistically using the system (SPSS) using (arithmetic mean, standard error, standard deviation, skew coefficient, simple correlation coefficient, factorial analysis, z- and t-degree). The two researchers concluded through anthropometric measurements, and through factor analysis, (9) anthropometric factors were extracted from the 10 factors that appeared after the rotation. It may be considered an indicator of poor growth and health fitness.
The two researchers recommended the adoption of tests and measurements extracted in the process of continuous evaluation of Tikrit female students aged (16-18) years, and the adoption of the criteria reached by the researchers in the evaluation and selection process.

The research aims to build two questionnaire tools, the first for the anxiety of infection with Corona virus (Covid-19) and the second for the level of ambition, and to identify the level of anxiety from infection with the Corona virus (Covid-19) in the swimming lesson among students of some physical education colleges in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and to identify the level of ambition in Swimming lesson for students of some physical education colleges in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and to identify the relationship between the anxiety of infection with the Corona virus and the level of ambition in the swimming lesson for students of some physical education colleges in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and to identify the relationship between anxiety of infection with the Corona virus and the 25-meter free-swimming test from On the one hand, the level of ambition and the test of 25 meters free swimming among students of some colleges of physical education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey methods and correlations, and the research community included from some faculties of physical education and sports sciences, and the research community identified students for some faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Kurdistan Region for the year (2018-2019), with a total of (253) students from (3) faculties In the Kurdistan Region, they were chosen by random method, which is the lottery method, and the colleges are (Soran, Salah al-Din, Koya), and the female students were excluded from the induction sample, numbering (55) students, and to include the research sample (198) students, from whom the research procedures will be implemented as a construction and application sample. (10) students were excluded for participating in the pilot experiment. The researcher built the two research scales according to the procedures followed in constructing the scales, and the injury anxiety scale consisted of (22) items and the level of ambition scale (40) items. Percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, statistical analysis, Spearman-Brown equation, standard error of the scale, hypothetical mean). The researcher used the computer according to the (SPSS) system to analyze the data in the current research.
The researcher reached the following conclusions:
1. It was reached to build a scale of infection anxiety from the Corona virus (covid 19).
2. The ambition scale was built for students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Kurdistan Region.
3. The level of anxiety about infection with the Corona virus for students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Kurdistan Region was high compared to the hypothetical average of the scale.

Through the researchers' acquaintance with the previous studies, the problem was identified as that the preparation of training curricula in all its units must be based on accurate scientific foundations. Positively affect the type of attack and its implication in the presence of correlational relations, whether direct or indirect, i.e., precedence in training and in preparing units Therefore, the researcher decided to build a causal model to know the relationships to show the best model of the direct straight attack. The study aimed to build a causal model for the most important physical measurements and kinetic capabilities of the direct straight attack in the research sample. The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the manner of causal relationships, so the two researchers conducted the experiment on a sample of the second stage students, whose number is (85) students out of (109) students, and they were chosen according to the equation. Stephen Sampson After conducting the exploratory experiment and performing the measurements and tests of the research, they were classified and treated statistically, so they conclude the validity of the causal model in stating the precedence of the variables.

The study aims to:
- Building arak sensory-motor tests for some basic badminton skills for (advanced) players.
- Codification of arak sensory-motor tests of some basic badminton skills for (advanced) players.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in a survey method for its suitability and the nature of the problem, and the research community included the badminton players of the Iraqi Premier League badminton clubs in the 2020-2021 season, and they numbered 52 players and Based on the requirements for building and legalizing the tests under study, the sample was divided into an exploratory sample of (2) players, a construction sample of (12) players, and a sample of the main experiment of (35) players, and (3) players were excluded because they are participants with the Iraqi team Badminton in external tournaments, and after viewing the specifications of the vocabulary of each testThe apparent honesty, subjective honesty, hypothetical honesty (veracity of discrimination), verification of objectivity, difficulty and ease of tests, finding stability coefficients to reach the final version of each test and experimenting with it exploratory and after completing these steps according to the determinants of measurement and evaluation in physical education sciences, the researcher deliberately On applying it to the main experiment sample (rationing), and processing the results of the spss social statistical bag to derive the criteria for each test. The researcher concluded that the perceptual-kinesthetic tests of some basic badminton skills for (advanced) players measure the purposes for which they were designed and are appropriate for their level, age and the specialized game and are characterized by ease of application and low financial cost and do not require many devices or tools. Perception - kinesthetics of some basic badminton skills for advanced players that have been built, The researcher recommends that it is necessary to rely on the perceptual-kinesthetic tests of some basic skills in badminton when evaluating the players, and the need to follow the systematic sequential steps according to the determinants of measurement and evaluation in physical education sciences and sports sciences when constructing or modifying perceptual-motor tests, and conducting studies Similar on larger or different samples (age and gender), and conducting similar studies by adopting the steps of this study to build tests in games and other sporting events, and to benefit from this test when developing training programs and selecting players to serve this game.

Abstract: The research aims to :
1- Determining the main areas for measuring the administrative performance of the federations of confrontations from the point of view of the trainers in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
2- Identifying the level of administrative performance of the wrestling sports federations from the point of view of coaches in the Kurdistan Region.
Choosing the appropriate approach to research the problem or to achieve its goal is one of the most important steps that result in the success of the research, so the researchers used the descriptive approach in both the survey and comparative methods for its suitability with the nature of the research. The research sample included the coaches of some clubs that have teams in the sport of fights in the Kurdistan region - Iraq, and the research sample consists of (108) coaches for the specific clubs. SPSS) to treat the statistics, and the researchers reached in the study a number of conclusions, including, the existence of a discrepancy in the levels of the selected management elements among the members of the sub-federations of the fight games in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq, the efficiency of the members of the sub-federations of the fighting games in the Kurdistan region / Iraq at the administrative levels It performs its administrative performance in the best way, distinguishing the members of the sub-federations of the fight games in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq at the levels of administrative planning and organization, the presence of significant differences between the hypothetical arithmetic mean of the scale and the arithmetic mean of the research sample in all elements of administration and scale in general and for the benefit of the research sample, In light of the conclusions, the researcher recommends, the need for the management of sports federations to fight matches to strengthen their relations with the players and their keenness to develop Maintaining material and moral incentives to value and appreciate the efforts of the players, organizing refinement courses for administrators and coaches in administrative leadership, adopting sports institutions in their management on scientific studies and research, using scientific methods and means in the process of evaluating sports institutions in the management of sports federations

The aim of the research is to build and apply a measure of the mechanism of activating extra-curricular sports activities for public preparatory and intermediate schools for boys in the center of Nineveh Governorate. And to identify the main dimensions as a means of activating these extra-curricular sports activities from the point of view of physical education teachers. A scale consisting of 6 dimensions and 39 items was built and applied. The most important conclusions were the validity of the measure of activation of sports activities and considering it an effective measure in light of the level of the six dimensions (planning, organization, implementation, available capabilities, motivation and motives), which came at a very good level and the field (evaluation and development) at an excellent level. Through his research, the researcher presented some recommendations: The application of the measure of activation of extra-curricular sports activities to all schools of Nineveh Governorate in particular and Iraq in general.

The research aims to identify
- Evaluation of some kinematics variables during the implementation of penalty kick in the face of the foot from the inside .
- The value of some variables of the force - time function during the implementation of the penalty kick in the face of the foot from the inside
- The relationship between the values of some kinematics variables and the force-time function of the sample during the execution of the penalty kick in the face of the foot from the inside .
The study was conducted on a sample consisted of 4 players from the players Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science football for the academic year 2020/2021, a platform for measuring the strength of the pivot reaction as a function of (force - time) was placed on the penalty mark, which is 11 yards from the goal line, to study the kinetic variables. has been the sample using a camera shooting (25 images / sec), and the researcher used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and coefficient of simple correlation Variation coefficient 30% as a means of data collection .
: The researcher concluded
1-The most significant correlations achieved by the kinematic variables with the force-time function variables were in the multiplication stage, as it achieved (5) significant correlations out of (9) significant correlation.
2- The ankle angle of the pivot leg and the angle of inclination of the trunk were the most kinetic variables that achieved the significant correlations with the variables of the force-time function, as they achieved 14.286% of the total total moral correlations that were achieved3.
3-The sum of the significant correlations achieved by the kinematic variables with the force-time function variables in the stages (collision, absorption, and beating) achieved (12) significant correlations out of (35) variables

Life satisfaction is regarded as one of the most important subjects dealt with by psychological sciences. It indicates the individual's enjoyment of mental health, patience, endurance, strong will in crises, and optimism even in difficult situations. Self-efficacy also has an important aspect in the life of the individual. This means that s/he chooses situations in which s/he can control all aspects, problems and requirements, and avoid situations that carry difficulties and which s/he believes that are not controllable. Therefore, the researcher has decided to study these two aspects and find out what are the level of life satisfaction and self-efficacy possessed by the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Tikrit for the academic year (2021-2022), and the extent of the relationship between life satisfaction and the self-efficacy of college students. The researcher has used a life satisfaction scale prepared previously consisting of (36) items, and a previously prepared scale for measuring self-efficacy consisting of (27) items. The number is (255) male and female students, of whom (150) participated in the research, where the participation rate is (58.8%). The results of the study show that the sample enjoys these two variables, and there is a statistically significant correlation between life satisfaction and self-efficacy. The study recommends that teachers should raise the level of students’ self-efficacy by contributing to urging them to develop their mathematical skills and raise the scientific level during the university study .

The research aims to identify the level of psychological security for players in the playing lines (defence, midfield and attack) in football. For Nowruz Sports Club, the category of applicants, the research was conducted on a sample that was chosen in a deliberate manner, representing the players of the Nowruz Football Club, the category of applicants for the 2020-2021 sports season, which numbered (19) players representing the origin of the community, and (4) players were excluded, and thus the sample size reached (15) As a player, the researcher used the psychological security scale prepared before (Shadia Abu al-Tal and Essam Abu Bakra 1997), as the scale consisted of (47) items that measure the degree of psychological security and it was modified to the Sports Journal after verifying the validity and stability of the research tool and then processing the data obtained by the researcher statistically using (arithmetic mean, Standard deviation, percentage, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), analysis of variance) resulted in the following: There are significant differences in the degree of psychological security among football midfield players, there are no significant differences in the degree of psychological security among players of the playing lines (defense and attack) soccer ball. The researcher recommends paying attention to psychological preparation during the training process along with physical, skill and tactical preparation .

- Identifying the mental alertness of volleyball players in Nineveh Education Team.
- Identifying the accuracy of reception of volleyball players in Nineveh Education Team.
- Identifying the relationship between mental alertness and reception accuracy of volleyball players in Nineveh Education Team.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of correlative relations as it suits the nature of the research.
As for the research sample, it included (12) players from the Nineveh education team, and they were chosen by the deliberate method to ensure their commitment and presence and to ensure that the test was conducted for the players.
The researcher concluded the following:
- The study sample had a low level of mental alertness
- The members of the research sample have a low level of reception accuracy.
- There is an inverse correlation between mental alertness and the accuracy of volleyball reception.

The research aims to identify the degree of psychological compatibility and the degree of difficulties and the relationship between them that face physical education teachers in the intermediate stage, used the descriptive approach in the survey method that fits with the nature of the research, adopted the psychological compatibility scale prepared by (Al-Sha’er, 2012), and the scale (Decisional Jihad and others (2017) to measure the difficulties and after presenting it to a number of experts and specialists, The researcher assumed that there are no statistically significant differences in the degree of psychological adjustment and the degree of difficulties that physical education teachers face in the middle school, and that there are no statistically significant differences between the degree of psychological adjustment and the difficulties facing physical education teachers.
As for the research sample, it was a physical education teacher in Nineveh Governorate, who numbered (60) teachers , The statistical bag (spss) was used to find out (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha equation), The study concluded that the degree of psychological adjustment of physical education teachers is good, and that the most difficulties are the field of available possibilities, while the least difficult field is the field of students, and there is no correlation between psychological adjustment and the difficulties facing physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate.
The most important recommendations are the need for the Ministry of Education to determine the number of students in the classroom, and the need to adopt a sufficient budget to purchase the necessary sports equipment and tools for the practice of school sports activity.

The research aims to :
Identifying the obstacles facing teachers when converting and using paper curricula to electronic curricula and using them in teaching from the point of view of the teachers of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mosul .
The descriptive approach was used in the survey method, as the research community included the teachers of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul for the academic year (2021-2022 ), and their number was (133 ).
As for the research sample, it included (88) teachers, and they represented (66%) of the research community. The research tool included preparing a questionnaire (obstacles to converting paper curricula to electronic curricula) and statistical means were used (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, hypothetical mean and using a program Statistical bag (SPSS) in statistical data processing .
-The researcher reached the following conclusions : There are obstacles in converting paper curricula to electronic curricula and when using them in teaching among the teachers of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul .
-There are obstacles in the nature and size of the paper curriculum by converting it electronically .
-There are obstacles through university administration and technical and administrative support when implementing electronic curricula conversion for teachers of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mosul.

The effectiveness of using the interactive method in teaching some offensive basketball skills to sixth-grade students.
- The difference between the reciprocal style and the american method of teaching some offensive basketball skills to sixth-grade junior high school students.
- Learn about the level of sports alienation for students in the sixth grade of preparatory.
- The effectiveness of the use of the reciprocal method and its impact on the sports alienation of the students of the sixth grade preparatory.
- The difference between the reciprocal style and the American style and its impact on sports alienation.
The researcher used the experimental curriculum to suit the nature of the research and its problem, and the experiment was carried out on the students of the preparatory school of civil engineers, and the sample was chosen by the intentional image, where the number of members of the sample (75) students divided into three divisions ( A, B, C) and their number respectively (25,25, 20) students, and in order to determine the two research groups to which the main research experiment will be applied adopted by the researcher The draw was conducted in a random manner between the three people, and the divisions (A, B) were selected to be division (a) the experimental group to which the reciprocal method and division (b) the control group to which the command method will be applied, where a number of students were excluded from the research sample due to their participation in the school basketball team as well as due to physical differences, and the research procedures included the use of the reciprocal method and the command method on the research sample as well as the measure of mathematical alienation of the experimental group and the officer under study, The researcher used the next statistical methods (computational medium, standard deviation, simple link coefficient (Pearson) test (T), twisting coefficient, variation coefficient).

The current research aims to try to identify the effect of the Autogenic-Training program on a number of functional variables and motor skills in volleyball for the three research groups (advanced women, young women, and control girls) among volleyball players. The female volleyball players in some functional variables, the motor skills of volleyball, after applying the Autogenic-Training program.
The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community was chosen by the intentional method represented by the players of Qaraqosh Sports Club in volleyball for the 2019-2020 sports season for the two groups of young and advanced, who numbered (24) players, and the research sample consisted of (9) advanced players and (15) A young player representing (100%) of the research community, and the sample was divided into three groups (two experimental and a control) by random selection according to age groups, using a lottery of (7) advanced players, (7) young players, and (6) ) players for the control group, after the researcher excluded (4) players for the purpose of conducting exploratory experiments on them.
After presenting and discussing the results, the researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which were:
1. The application of the Autogenic-Training program on volleyball players did not lead to significant changes in the functional variables under study for the two experimental research groups (young women and advanced women), except for the variable (systolic blood pressure), which showed a significant improvement over the advanced players.
2. The experimental group (the advanced students) outperformed the control group in the results of the post-measurement in the variable (the skill of crushing beating).

The research aims to identify the types of learning patterns and the prevailing pattern between students of the Department of Physical Education in the College of Education / Shaqlawa - Salahaddin University.
The researchers hypothesized that learning patterns have a positive effect on learning, and that there is an existence of the proportions of learning patterns for students of the Department of Physical Education in the College of Education / Shaqlawa - Salahaddin University.
The researchers used the descriptive method for the suitability and nature of the research. The sample of this research was the students of the third stage, the Department of Physical Education, in the College of Education / Shaqlawa at the University of Salahalddin and whose number was (20) students.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the scale for the learning pattern preferences that was modified from the "Reid joy theory". It was approved by the British Council in Beirut. The scale consists of (33) items, which measure three learning styles (audio, visual, and kinesthetic).
The researchers used the following statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, percentage)
After processing the data, the researchers arrived at:
There are individual differences between the third stage students of the department in the learning pattern. There was also a high preference for the kinesthetic and visual learning styles over the auditory style.
In light of the findings of the researchers, the following

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between sports identify and decision-making for volleyball players in Nineveh Governorate. The research sample consisted of the first-class volleyball players in Nineveh Governorate in season (2021-2022) including: (Nineveh sahel, Sinjar, Rabiaa and Qaraqosh).
This study carried out on consisted of (40) players, (16) players were excluded for their participation in the exploratory experiment. The researchers carried out two scales for measuring sport identity and decision-makes. To analyses data, they used SPSS and Min tab programs. The results of the study revealed:
- Sport identity was high level for volleyball players in Nineveh Governorate.
- Decision-Make was high level for volleyball players in Nineveh Governorate.
- There were a strong relationship between sport identity and decision-making for volleyball players in Nineveh Governorate.
- Achieving three predictive equations (first, second and third degrees) through which decision-making can be predicted through the sport identity.

The research aims to:
- Preparing a proposed educational program in the style of recreational games to help teach free swimming
For children (10-12 years old)
- Recognizing the effectiveness of the proposed recreational games for learning the technical performance of free swimming.
- Identifying the best technique for learning the technical performance of free swimming.
The researcher used the experimental method for its relevance to the nature of the research. The research community was identified with pupils of the second primary stage in the center of Kirkuk governorate at ages (10-12 years) and Al-Faw Primary School pupils at ages (10-12 years) for grades (fourth, fifth and sixth primary) were selected as a sample for the purposeful research The number of (30) students was divided into two groups, experimental and control, each number (10) students, and (10) students were excluded, eight of them were subjected to the exploratory experiment and two of them were absent from attendance. The researcher used statistical methods, including
(arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, and simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), SPSS software, and percentage, Spearman\'s equation).

The study aims to:
- building a scale of theoretical knowledge of fencing for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul.
- Setting standards and levels for the research sample on the scale of theoretical knowledge of fencing.

The descriptive approach was used in the survey method, and the research community consisted of the third school year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul for the academic year (2021-2022), and their number was (198) male and female students. The data was statistically processed using the statistical bag (IBM Spss), and the researchers reached the following conclusions:
- A measure of theoretical knowledge of fencing was built for third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul.
- Setting standards and levels for the research sample on the scale of theoretical knowledge of fencing.

The research aims to identify the effect of the Jigsaw strategy according to harmonic exercises in improving some basic football skills for students.
- Comparison between the effect of using the Jigsaw strategy according to the harmonic exercises and the method used by the subject teacher in improving some basic football skills for students.
The researchers adopted the experimental program in the manner of two equal experimental and control groups with two tests, pre and post tests for its relevance to the nature of the research, and the research community consisted of (40) fifth year middle school students in Ibn Kathir High School for Boys, one of the schools of the Salah al-Din Education Directorate / Shirqat Education Department for the academic year 2020/2021. asking, as for the research sample, it was chosen randomly by lottery, to be a control group and an experimental group, which numbered (24) students, including (12) students for each group, while (6) students were excluded due to their participation in the exploratory experiment and (6) failed students and (4) Absent students, and the researchers used statistical means (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, skew coefficient, percentage, t-test for linked and unrelated samples).
The researchers concluded that the Jigsaw strategy, according to the harmonic exercises and the adopted method, has a positive and effective role in motor coordination and in teaching some basic football skills to students.
The researchers recommended conducting similar studies to find out the effect of the Jigsaw strategy according to harmonic exercises in learning other football skills.