Surra Man Ra'a

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, who followed the ages and years. Praise be to Allah who made our Journal a destination for researchers, a pleasure for seekers.
A new year enters our Journal, eighteen years in which it reaches the peak of scientific maturity, with seventy-five issues, which included hundreds of useful researches, in various human sciences varied between languages, legal sciences, history, geography, social and educational sciences, and other sciences of a human character, It bridged thousands of researchers and scholars from different universities and countries, experts, arbitrators and glorious researchers.
Our Journal continues to tributary the fields of science, from the researches it has enriched, and from the researchers I distinguish them, as it is a source from which the researchers draw what they find from the sciences.
We ask Allah to continue the supply and to perpetuate the people of knowledge with his blessings and grace, for He is the Hearer and the answerer of supplication.

Cultural studies give a general and comprehensive description to read the literary process and its being by reading through the nations production, and knowing their important scripts that have an impact on the collective mind; which generates and creates the general culture، and there is no doubt that culture in its general form exercises the influence on literary texts، whoever the writer is، and no matter how hard he tries to make his own mark، culture and its forms must appear in the text as a player and as a coercive effect to have an influence on him.
The study attempts to read a theoretical overview of the origin of cultural criticism and its links with all other critical theories, as it is the result of the post-structural and post-modern phase, so that it appears as a fruitful critical and intellectual cross-fertilization. Faraj Yassin and extrapolation of the concepts of gender in Iraqi culture and the images of the differentiation between women and men and their patterns in the patriarchal society، while inquiring into the relationship of dreams and their religious symbolism and their connection to heavenly miracles، as well as reading the security and political situation in Iraq and its impact on the collective culture، and the effects and incidental distortions it generated on the Iraqi culture.

The beginning of the Arabic calligraphy is a special care in the search for its origins and beginnings, and in its refinement and dedication to its drawing. They have made great efforts out of decorating it and it is no longer just a tool for writing as a major means of decorating and engraving. Arabic calligraphy is closely related to the Arabic language in terms of its forms and development. It is also closely related to cultural development in general. The study relied on the descriptive approach, and included two subjects, where we knew the first topic: calligraphy, language: something's script, written by any of his book. Idiomatically: it is the queen with which the fingertip movement adjusts with a pen on specific rules .As for the emergence of the calligraphy, it talked about opinions that differed in the original place of the Arabic calligraphy and put an end to this dispute by saying Ibn Khaldun.
The Arabic calligraphy was an extreme of accuracy, workmanship, and quality. "
As he laid down the laws of this line on which the Arabic calligraphy was based, as well as Ibn Al-Bawab, who added to these laws some of the amendments and what he (Ibn Al-Sheikh) and (Hafiz Othman) found in Ottoman motifs, as well as what Muhammad Sheikh Ali created in the field of calligraphy.

The great importance in assisting the poetic text, specifically before Islam, in this study an investigation is carried for two works presented by two great teachers Al-Murrakesh Al-Asgar. this research is called as:
Al-Murakkesh Al-Asgar poetry between two investigations studies
In this research, an investigation study attempted to balance between the two works through three sections: The first section explains (building of the two works), (balance of the two works is in the second section and the third one is about the perfect of what is missed by the investigators from poetries). I try to achieve the similarity and difference between these texts, achievement of these texts and judgment in the differences position to determine the right one.

The current research aims to know (the effect of the logical alignment strategy on acquiring historical concepts for second-grade intermediate students)، and in order to verify the goal of the research, the researcher puts a zero hypothesis، and followed the experimental method، and the research sample consists of (83) students who are divided into two experimental groups and their number (41) students studying using the logical and controlled alignment strategy، and the number is (42) students studying using the usual (traditional) method، and the researcher prepared a test of concept acquisition and verified its validity and stability، and the experiment lasted for six weeks.
The data are treated using appropriate statistical methods، as the results show a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the historical concepts acquisition test and in favor of the experimental group.

The problem of the current research is identified in answering the following question: What is the effect of the Yacker model (CLM) on the achievement of second intermediate grade students in science? The researcher in the experimental design with partial control of two groups (experimental and control) in the research procedures. School (Al-Siddiq Secondary School for Boys) whose students in the second grade (105) students from the community to represent the research sample. The experimental group included (33) students, and (5) students were statistically excluded from it due to absence and other experimental procedures. Accordingly, the two groups of the experiment were rewarded with different variables, including: Raven's intelligence test, chronological age, parents' achievement, and an achievement test was prepared with (30) paragraphs of the type Multiple choice (quadruple alternatives) and its psychometric features were found, and the researcher used a number of appropriate statistical methods and tools. It is taught in the usual way, so a number of proposals and recommendations related to research procedures have been established.

The objective of the current research is to identify the level of perceptual judgment among university students and to identify the statistically significant differences in perceptual judgment according to gender (male-female). The researcher prepared his tool, which was a questionnaire consisting of 20 items. The research used statistical methods, the t-test for one sample ((T-test), Pearson correlation coefficient, alpha-Cronbach correlation coefficient, and the t-test for two samples (T test).
The most important results reached by the researcher are:
1- The male sample has more field of vision, strength of focus, divided attention, and average total reaction time than the female sample.
2- The research sample consists of university students with a high level of need for knowledge.
3- The components of surrounding perception (field of vision and emotional maturity) are positively correlated with the variable (the need for knowledge).
4- As for the components of perception of the surroundings (power of focus divided attention, and the average total reaction time to the stimulus), it was negatively correlated with the need-to-knowledge variable

The current research aims to identify the pressures of life, as well as to identify the statistical differences according to the variables of gender and academic specialization. 6225) a teacher and a school in its scientific and literary branches and for the academic year (2021-2022). The sample of the current research was chosen from the original community represented by the public school secondary students، which numbered (311) male and female students. The researcher built a life stress scale after reviewing the literature of the previous studies.
The following results are:
1. High school students have a high level of life pressures.
2. There are statistically significant differences for life stressors according to the gender variable (males - females) and in favor of females.
3. There are no statistically significant differences in life stressors according to academic specialization (scientific - literary).

The research aimed to identify the problems facing the teaching of the modern philosophy curriculum for the third stage in the Department of Philosophy at the College of Arts from the Point of view of the students The sample includes 26 students of both gender of deparment of Philosophy in the academic year ( 2021-2022) the sample included (26) paragraphs, then collected data from them and analyzed statiscally and came up with the following indicators:
• Some philosophical opinions and philosophers, theories conflict with the beliefs of Iraqi society and lslam traditions.
• Lack of space for discussion and expression of opinion among Students.
• The teachers follow traditional teaching methods and methods, relying on recitation.
In light of the results, the researcher came out with a number of conclusions, in addition to presenting a number of recommendations and suggesting two titles for future research.

The current study aims to identify the impact of social hypocrisy and its reflection on personal interest. Additionally to identify the differences between males and females in social hypocrisy and its impact on personal interest, and to identify the differences in the economic level in the presence of social hypocrisy and its impact on personal interest. However, the differences in the educational level has identified in the presence of the trait of social hypocrisy and its impact on personal interest. The study sample consists of 359 individuals, and the results are: 1-, it has found that there are differences between males and females in social hypocrisy and its impact on personal interest in favor of males over females. 2- There are differences in the economic level that do not affect the existence of social hypocrisy and its impact on personal interest, that is, social hypocrisy is an individual behavior and does not exist in a particular group without another, but rather it is a nature in some individuals. Education and low hypocrisy or lack of education and increase in hypocrisy, and that behavior is driven by personal interest.

The people of knowledge, and the people of hadith in particular, were interested in a certain type of hadiths that they called serial hadiths, and serial hadith is one of the characteristics attribution, what all narrators are in the same condition, and they are of many types in their composition, including verbal, actual or descriptive by explaining the state of the narrators of attribution. This hadith that we are about to mention has mentioned the third type, which is all narrators who have been named after our Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, and it is one of the series that the scholars have been amazed at, as well as the inclusion of this classification on the elicitation of an important hadith in the chapter on covering the nakedness, especially in covering the things , and the compiler explained the hadith paths that were narrated, showing it, and mentioning the narrator who was ambiguous in some paths and then declaring his name by other paths. And this is one of the important benefits in collecting the methods of hadith and the resulting predicate and This is one of the important benefits in collecting the methods of hadith and the resulting predicate and jurisprudential benefits, to reveal its ambiguity and its ills. In this research and through knowing the ambiguous narrator, we reached Al_Sahabi who shaved his head by the Prophet , peace be upon him, during Hajj. It also included a statement correcting the name of one of the narrators from among Al_Sahaba. And studying its ambiguities, and taking care of it in the service of the heritage of our scholars, may God have mercy on them, and to benefit students and researchers in revealing an author on me with a hadith of the Prophet (PBUH) that has to do with hadith and jurisprudence issues, and serving the legacy of one of the nation’s figures, which is Sheikh Murtada Al-Zubaidi, may God have mercy on him.

In this research tagged (provisions of confetti on weddings and other occasions, a comparative jurisprudential study) because it touches on people's joys and their behavior in them. The reason for writing this research is the violence of some people from what the Sharia has permitted to what Allah Almighty has forbidden. The meaning of the confetti has been explained that is spread on weddings from dinars and money and sweets, and the provisions on scattering and picking them up. If the scattering of these matters is the permissibility, if it is free from crowding, fighting, and dropping chivalry; Otherwise, it becomes hated or forbidden if it includes these matters according to some jurists. It is showed that the scattering of dirhams and dinars, if they bear the name of God Almighty, then they are forbidden, and the testimony of the scattering picker is not rejected or insulted in his chivalry. It is permissible to eat the confetti and carry it home, that it is just inter the property of the one who picks it up. Then the legality of power of attorney in cast was mentioned. And our last prayer is that praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and his family and companions.

The scholar and interpreter, Mullah Muhammad al-Jali, known as (The Great Mulla), who died in 1943 AD, was one of the prominent reformed scholars in Iraqi Kurdistan. His concern was the reform of thought, the call to understand religion away from myths, sorcery, and to fight atheistic, communist and Marxist ideas with proofs and irrefutable evidence, and he focused Through his interpretation of the Holy Qur'an on these issues, and interest in reformist thought in a smooth and easy manner, inspired by the interpretation of the verses. this is the intention to write this research. The research included an introduction, three sections and a conclusion. The first topic: an overview of the life, culture and thought of Sheikh Muhammad Al-Jali, and the second topic: his interest in Muslim issues, and his connection with the pioneers of Islamic thought in his time, the third topic: the religious reformist thought of the issues of his time through its interpretation.

Islam comes to preserve the interest of man in both worlds, and from this interest: respecting his dignity and preserving his privacy, starting from the Qur’anic verse (And We have honored the children of Adam). Honor is a divine gift that must be preserved.
The privacy of the human being is part of his dignity and may not be compromised.
It is one of the civic values emphasized by contemporary regimes, and defended by civil society institutions.
Among the peculiarities: preserving correspondence, reputation, secrets, the peculiarities of the body and housing, and others.

The Holy Qur’an has a great impact in drawing up the advocacy approach and correcting human behavior. Its surahs and verses contain talk about advocacy contents such as the means and methods that the preacher must have and adhere to their molecular and holistic applications، and also because of their importance to the recipient، who is the invitee. The advocacy discourse is one of the best. Stations to God Almighty to get people out of the ideas that plague their minds and societies as is the case with the Messenger، may God’s prayers and peace be upon him، with Quraysh، and the situation of our master Ibrahim، peace be upon him، with his people، and our master Jesus، peace be upon him، with his people as well.
I chose Surat Al-Zukhruf because it contains wide areas related to the advocacy content، methodology، behavior، and performance، and I included it in a research titled “The Advocacy Contents in Surat Al-Zukhruf.”

Knowing and learning genealogies is a pillar and pillar of advocacy work, and one of its paths. Where the teachings of the Islamic religion came in many of its Qur’anic and prophetic texts stressing and urging the need for recognition and acquaintance. Consolidating and bridging social and family relations, and tightening the fabric of a single society and consolidating its ranks, and from here came the idea of this research marked by ((Knowledge of genealogy and its impact on spreading the Islamic call in the era of the Prophet) to shed light on the statement of this advocacy impact that he made in the time of the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. It was a reason for spreading Islam and strengthening its ties among his followers, and to know what can be learned from methods and modalities that are commensurate with advocacy work in light of our contemporary reality.

An Islamic force emerged on the scene of events, namely the Turkish Mamluks, who became the strength of the Ayyubid army in Egypt during the period of the Ayyubid Sultan Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub, who relied on them and supported him in his struggle against the Ayyubid kings of his family and to establish his authority, soon these Mamluks showed their worth and their fighting skill in front of the Crusader. inflicting heavy losses on them in their army, so they thwarting their plan and intentions to seize Egypt, in the year (647 AH / 1249 AD), which increased their political influence to an extent that pushed them to overthrow the Ayyubid authority in Egypt and seize power, after their assassination of Sultan Turanshah son of Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub in the year (648 AH/1250AD). Then they extended their authority to the Levant in the next ten years of their rule.
The Mamluks faced many problems and difficulties in front of them to consolidate their new authority and enhance it. This transition from power resulted in reactions and positions from many parties, so this study came to show the most prominent positions on this historical event

The research aims to reveal the spatial analysis of agricultural land uses in Al-Amriya district for the agricultural season 2021-2022, as the cultivated land area reached (95410) dunums. While the crop composition of the summer season came at a rate of (24.3) %, while orchards ranked third with a rate of (5.4) %, as the number of trees in the region reached (347,338) trees.

Academic studies have previously dealt with the issue of the Greek revolution, but they did not delve into the Russian support for this revolution and sufficient knowledge of Russian sources as will be contained in our research.
As for the second research, we dealt with the Russian goals to adopt the support of the Greek Revolution and the positions of the superpowers towards it, and the impact of the Russian support on the relationship between it and the Ottoman Empire. As for the third topic, it included the Ottoman measures towards the aggravation and spread of the revolution in Greece, while we talked in the fourth topic about the Ottoman war. The Russians between 1828-1829 and the fate-determination of Greece

The present paper deals with the exploration of diminutive formation as a sociolinguistic phenomenon; its description and analysis in both Standard English (SE) and Standard Arabic (SA), with special emphasis on its realization in Iraqi Arabic (IA). Diminutives occupy a significant role in describing people and things as regards personality, appearance, deeds, professions or attributes. In addition to their euphemistic and positive connotations based on the conception of intimacy, affection and endearment, diminutives can also bear dysphemistic negative connotations based on smallness, unimportance, sarcasm, contempt or inferiority. The main objective of this study is to investigate the status of diminutives from morphological-phonological and semantic-pragmatic perspectives, the contexts in which they occur, and the implications they have to facilitate language learning. As regards their formation, it has been found that English basically depends on suffixation and prefixation to form their diminutives, while SA depends entirely on infixation with minor derivation and modification. As for IA, it is mostly similar to SA, but with some modification and suffix addition (just like English) in certain cases. Concerning parts of speech subject to diminutive formation in IA, they are similar to those in SA and English.

Hope is one of the essential tools by which one can overcome the difficulties of life. As the injustice is among the most significant elements that interested the writers of twentieth century in their writings, so it is necessary to find a solution for this issue in order to save some social classes, such as working class, from oppression and persecution. This study adopts a psychological Marxist approach to analyze Odets’s Awake and Sing. It aims at showing the desired hope of American people during the Great Depression period in the United States. It searches for the way by which it is possible to turn hope into truth. In fact, if there is no hope, it means that there will be a state of despair which can destroy all societies. In Awake and Sing! (1935), Clifford Odets tries to console the working class and to stand by them as well as delivering its voice into the furthest spaces of world. The play guides the American people to identify their identity and to appoint their orientation so as to fulfill their hopes. Odets attempts to shed light on efforts exerted by proletarians for the sake of peaceful life in hopes of not being exploited by capitalists in America specifically in 1930s. Further, he insists on leading the working class to the best future. He shows the status of hope through his hint to the American Dream and through adopting Marxist ideology for changing the American social situation of that time into better one. Finally, the writer attempts, by love and music, to ease the difficult circumstances which were passed through by proletarians between the First and Second World Wars.