Journal of Baghdad College of Economic sciences University

The main goal of the research is determined by the possibility of finding a suitable method that the investor can use as a means to build his optimal portfolio that achieves the correct exchange between return and risk and in turn reflects positively on the investor in order to reach his primary goal, which is to maximize his wealth from his limited resources. To achieve this goal, software applications were turned. Modern artificial intelligence in building the optimal portfolio, where the support vector algorithm was chosen, and then the results were improved through one of the optimization algorithms known as the lion algorithm, and it was applied to the monthly closing prices of companies in the Iraqi stock market. Accordingly, the research concluded several conclusions, the most important of which was shown by the experimental results, which is the ability The clear and distinctive Al-Asad algorithm in improving the outputs of the artificial intelligence algorithm.

The research aims to identify the availability of the requirements of the fifth clause of competency management and people development in accordance with the ISO 10015:2019 guideline in order to determine the size of the gap between the requirements of the fifth clause of the ISO10015:2019 standard and the actual reality applied in the Training and Development Department at the Ministry of Oil, which was chosen as a sample for the research. . The research adopted the case study approach, because it is an approach that aims to collect data related to the studied phenomenon, through observation, field experience, and direct meetings with the aim of arriving at scientific facts. Quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in collecting and analyzing data, as quantitative methods were used, such as the mean. Weighted arithmetic, percentage measurement, and gap size measurement. While qualitative methods included field visits, personal observation, access to records, and interviews. The data was collected using a checklist that included seven axes that fall under Clause 5 of the ISO10015:2019 standard, in order to diagnose the availability of the requirements of Clause 5 of the standard and determine which axes are most and least applicable. The most important conclusions in this research indicate that there is a gap between the level of availability of the requirements of Clause 5 of the ISO10015:2019 standard and the reality of the work of the researched training and development department, at a rate of 63.95% distributed among the axes of this clause. As for the most important recommendations, they indicate that the results of the checklist in the Training and Development Department at the Ministry of Oil indicate that there is a gap of 26.7%, with a compliance rate of 73.3%. The reason is that the Ministry's Training and Development Department was implementing the previous version of the ISO10015:1999 standard, and because of the major changes occurring in the modern version, the gap was good.

The study aimed to build a study model and hypotheses based on previous studies. The descriptive approach was used, as the researchers relied on the questionnaire to collect data for the study, after presenting it to the arbitrators.(40) questionnaires were distributed to the employees of a number of tourism companies in Baghdad. The researchers were also able to contact them and reach them through personal interviews with the employees and department managers. 100% of them were retrieved and were valid for analysis purposes. AMOS (SPSS) was also relied upon, in which the Excel program was used and Kornbach\'s alpha was used for reliability.
The study reached a set of results: There is a correlation between strategic decision-making and the tourism investment environment, as the correlation coefficient reached (0.779**) at a level of moral significance lower than the levels of significance (0.01; 0.05). The relationship was positive and therefore accepts the first main hypothesis and most of the sub-hypotheses. In the form of proof, with the exception of the decision patterns, as the results showed that there is no connection to it. Likewise, the tourism investment environment is an important fundamental component in supporting the actual and national economy and achieving economic development, as the development of any country depends on the volume of investment flows, whether local or foreign. On investment efficiency.
The researchers recommend that the researched companies should look at the environmental, organizational and behavioral factors affecting the speed of strategic decision-making with the same degree of relative importance, without focusing on one factor over another. If they seek to make a quick strategic decision that enables them to reach their advantages before competitors, the government must take Iraq is responsible for addressing the infrastructure that encourages investment, especially in the field of electric energy, easy access to fuel, communications services, insurance, banking facilities, airports, railways, bridges, etc., which increases the attractiveness of foreign capital and encourages local capital.

Rwanda is considered one of the most important African countries that was able to achieve an exceptional economic renaissance that pioneered its development path despite the challenges, conflicts and political, economic and social crises that it faced, with its natural and unnatural wealth and resources. It was necessary for it to invest in the potential and achieve a real renaissance in all fields and overcome its problems. Internal and external. It was able to transform from a state of poverty to a state of prosperity and growth in all sectors thanks to its strong will, clear vision, goals, and speed of change to achieve comprehensive development. Rwanda constituted an exceptional and promising African development model compared to the rest of the African countries that were similar to it in terms of conditions, composition of natural resources, and internal environment

The research dealt with the impact of education and its pioneering role in achieving economic development, with the help of a successful experience achieved in South Korea, which led to the latter being transferred from a backward, indebted country living under extremely difficult living conditions during the fifties and sixties specifically, to an advanced, creditor country whose economy occupies advanced ranks globally, all thanks to the use of a set of tools, foremost of which was raising the educational level and using technology, scientific research and innovation, and the great importance of this in pushing the wheel of the national economy forward, which led to a major economic development renaissance in this country, which consequently enabled it to manufacture almost everything thanks to its distinguished experience that made it the focus of the world’s countries seeking a better and more prosperous economic level.

The aim of the research is to highlight the importance of changing the dollar exchange rates and the extent of its relationship with the gross domestic product and sustainable development sectors, where the coefficient was used Correlation and simple regression to find the relationship between them. On this basis, hypotheses were formulated between the dollar exchange rates, the gross domestic product, and the sustainable development sectors. The research reached the most important conclusions from them. It was found that there is a strong relationship between the change in the dollar exchange rates and the gross product, as it showed the practical side There is a relationship between them, and it was found that there is a strong relationship between the change in the dollar exchange rates and the education sector, as it showed the practical side of the existence of a relationship between them. The most important recommendations were the necessity of knowing the economies of neighboring countries regarding the change in the dollar exchange rates for the purpose of identifying the extent of the difference and variation in the exchange rates

The researcher conducted his current study entitled (The impact of the transition to electronic banking on the financial performance of Iraqi banks after 2010), the aim of which was to shed light on electronic banking, and to identify its aspects and characteristics, as well as to identify its role in developing and improving financial performance in the Iraqi banking sector. The researcher used The descriptive approach in the analytical style through his research and inference of the sources, studies and literature that concerned the variables of this topic, and after summarizing everything related to the topic of electronic banking in Iraq, the researcher reached several conclusions, including:

1-Electronic banking systems are closely linked to the basic function of the financial authorities, which is achieving financial stability. This function is linked to the efficiency and safety of these systems and is achieved through the role of the financial authorities in operating and supervising these systems.

2-The electronic banking system plays an important role in completing the work of all major indirect monetary policy tools.

According to these conclusions, several recommendations were made, including:

1- Supporting research and development in the field of electronic banking services with the aim of ensuring their widespread use and expansion.

2-Work to improve performance at the employee level in order to improve the banking services provided.

The research aims to demonstrate the quality of accounting information provided by many researchers to use this information that helps them adopt sharing, as well as the role that auditing can play in order to provide that information of the required quality, from which we can encourage those who take innovation And raising the level of trust that this information can enjoy, as well as communicating it to users in a timely manner, and for the purpose of achieving these goals, the research was applied to the financial statements of one of the Iraqi companies registered in the Iraqi Stock Exchange that has users of accounting information from inside and outside the facility. The internal audit guideline developed by the Federal Office of Financial Supervision was used as tools for the internal auditor in order to extract accounting information with the required quality. The research concluded that workers in the internal audit units do not have full knowledge of the above guide. The research also concluded that the establishment sampled for the research did not issue Lists of names of shareholders who have not received their shares of profits for previous years, which makes it difficult to communicate with them Based on the research results, the researcher recommends that the research sample establishment pay more attention and care to the employees in the internal audit units by increasing the number of employees in the audit units who enjoy high quality in terms of experience and skill.

The Inverse Rayleigh distribution (IRD) used in various areas of statistics such as life testing and reliability and failure times of components tested, and healthy areas such as life times (in months) of bladder cancer patients. We used the classical method which is represented by the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayes approach for the Reliability function for the Inverse Rayleigh distribution (IRD). We assumed that the scale parameter of the IRD is random variable, and we have two different informative prior distributions for the scale parameter of the IRD. So, we try to determine the suitable choice of informative prior distributions in bayes analysis for the Reliability function of the IRD at time , which are represented by Inverse Gamma - Inverse Chi-square, Inverse Gamma - Standard Levey, Inverse Chi-square - Standard Levy distribution as double prior distributions. We derived the posterior density for the scale parameter of the IRD under three different double informative priors and we derived bayes’ estimators for the Reliability function of IRD at time based on Squared Error Loss Function (SELF).A simulation study performed to obtain the empirical results of this study, we assumed different cases for the true values of the scale parameter of an IRD under different double prior distributions for different sample sizes(n). A comparison is made between the results based on the minimum Mean Square Error (MSE) criterion. We concluded that the best estimation for the Reliability function when the true value for scale parameter is equal 0.5, under the double prior is the Inverse Gamma and the Inverse Chi-square distribution with at time for sample sizes equal to 25, 50 and 100 and the maximum likelihood estimators (MLE’s) when the true value for scale parameter is equal 1.5 and 2.5 at time for small sample sizes. We recommend to use the double prior of the Inverse Gamma and the Inverse Chi-square distribution, to estimate reliability function using bayes analysis of the reliability function of IRD based on loss functions such as quadratic loss function and he general entropy loss function and the modified linear exponential (MLINEX) loss function to compare the accuracy of the different estimates.

Abundant amount of information was produced, stored, and shared digitally. This increase as well as validating the info of ownership information has been digitally watermarked.
The process of embedding confidential data into an original image is known as "watermarking" an image. In order to guarantee the system's security, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encrypt the logo image in this proposed paper.
The normalize root mean square error (NRMSE), peak to signal ratio (PSNR), root mean square (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), and structural similarity (SSIM) are utilized for evaluating the performance of embedding and decrypting watermark images.
The developments and findings from measurements supported the AES encryption method's reliability, and the histogram demonstrated the encrypted logo image's pixels' excellent distribution and showed how different the encrypted image is from the watermark image in terms of uniformity and bit depth. This indicates that the bit interleaves encryption image affected the level values and pixel positions, and the extracted and original logo images' excellent structural similarity (SSIM) scores are around 0.9.