Engineering and Technology Journal

In electrical power systems there are many problems, from these problems voltage
drop, over voltage and instability. These problems are solved by using FACTS
technology. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) can provides better control
than conventional control and achieves fast control time response; therefore FACTS
controllers play an important role in power system stability enhancement. STATCOM
is a shunt FACTS device which is used for voltage controlling and increasing the
performance of the system. In this paper STATCOM is used to improve voltage
magnitude and stability of electrical network by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. To
show its effectiveness a prototype of electrical network has been chosen which consists
of five buses, three generators and four loads. Simulation results show a robust
improvement in network with STATCOM. If a three phase to ground fault occurs
between buses (3&4) there are oscillations after clearing fault. To reduce these
oscillations power oscillations damping (POD) has been proposed with STATCOM.
Simulation results show that an enhancement of the network prototype with proposed
controller (STATCOM- POD).

In this paper the effect of the springback on the bending operation of different
materials and alloys have been studied. Dies were designed and constructed in
different shape ( U-die , V-die) for several sheet’s thickness. Two types of alloys
were used; Aluminum Alloy 7020 T6 and Brass Alloy. These alloys have different
sheet thickness (2, 4, 6 and 8) mm. Aluminum alloys are heated to 270 °C and
330°C with cooling in the furnace for 90 min. while the brass alloys heated to 300,
320, 340 and 420 °C with cooling for 2 hours in furnace. Bending was done by
using the press of 80 ton. The springback is calculated by published equation. It
can be concluded that, the springback phenomenon caused to enlarge the external
dimensions when releasing the load and thick material have less springback due to
the enlarge of the plastic deformation. It’s found that the die’s shapes have great
effect on the springback, and when the temperature of the specimen is increased,
caused decreased in the springback

This work aims at studying the strengthening of T beams in torsion by using carbon
fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The experimental work includes investigation of five
reinforced concrete T beams tested under pure torsion. Variables considered in the test
program include; effect of flange strengthening, effect of fiber orientation (90º or 45º
CFRP strips with respect to the beam longitudinal axis), and the effect of using
additional longitudinal CFRP strips with transverse CFRP strips. Test results were
discussed based on torque - twist behavior, beam elongations, CFRP strain, and
influence of CFRP on cracking torque, ultimate torque and failure modes. Results
indicate significant increases in ultimate torque capacity with the use of CFRP.

In this research the filtration process in water treatment plants was studied to
increase the filtration rates in the sand gravity rapid filters.
A model was designed with dimensions (60*60*225) cm with sand media of two
layers . Seven experiments were done in this research for each case of filter media
thickness,( which are five cases ) . Using new method of operation , involves the
suction of water from the drainage pipes network through the sand media .
In this method, the filtration velocity was Doubled, with filtration efficiency
nearly to (92%).

There are many criteria for managing the priority in calling queues. The purpose
of our work is to make a balance between two conflicting requirements: maximize the
resource utilization and minimize the forced handover call dropping rate. This
balance can be satisfied by using the dynamically manages of the priority criterion
which is changed according to the current status of the hand off queue(remaining
time(Tr) and rate of change of RSS (ΔRSS)). The result is clear for reducing the
blocking probability within range from 2% to 50%.

The protective effects of red cabbage extract (RCE) on oxidative damage in
rabbits with experimentally induced hyperthyroidism were studied on forty male
New Zealand rabbits. The experimental animals were randomly divided into 4
groups :(healthy as (control), hyperthyroidism, hyperthyroidism treated with
vitamine E and hyperthyroidism treated with RCE .Hyperthyroidism was induced
by oral administration of 20 μg/kg b.w/day L-thyroxine for 4 weeks. At the end of
the experimental period, blood samples were taken from heart puncture of all
animals for the determination of oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers: lipid peroxidation
marker malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx),
Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine
(T4) , thyroxine-stimulating hormone (TSH),interleukin 6 (IL-6),interleukin 10
(IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) levels. Our results indicate that
levels of MDA, T3 , T4 ,IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were significantly
increased(P<0.05) in sera of the hyperthyroid animal group, while SOD; GPx,
CAT, GSH and TSH levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the
control group. Hyperthyroid rabbits treated with 100 mg/kg.b.w daily of RCE for 4
weeks decreased significantly the elevated MDA, T3 ,T4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α
levels and restore levels of GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT and TSH to control value. In
conclusion, results indicated that RCE was beneficial as a protective agent against
oxidative stress induced by hyperthyroidism and it had antihyperthyroid activity for
the first time

Bubble column slurry reactor was used for the measurements of gas adsorption
and ion-exchange in this work. Adsorption of chorine (dissolved in water) on
activated carbon was carried out in the same reactor. The effect of gas flowrates uG
0.016 m s–1-0.027 m s–1 which covers the boundaries of the following four regimes:
bubbly flow, first transition, second transition, and coalesced bubble and solid
concentrations were investigated. In addition of studying the pH which gives an
indication for Hypochlorous Acid HOCl, the most active sanitizer form of Free
Chlorine. These design guidelines provide a good starting point for system of
removing chlorine from water at activated carbon concentration 20 gm/L, gas
velocity 0.023 m/s and contact period of time more 17 minutes.

The principal component analysis (PCA) is a valuable statistical means,
implemented in time domain that has found application in many fields such as face
recognition and image compression, and is a common technique for finding patterns in
data of high dimension. This paper investigates the ability to implement PCA in
frequency domain, by using the wavelet transform (WT), and evaluate its effectiveness
based on face recognition as a means to find patterns in data. The basic idea of
frequency domain implementation of the PCA refers to the correlation
implementation using wavelet transform.
The Min-max is invoked to increase wavelet based eigenface robustness to
variations in facial geometry and illumination. Two face images are contrast in terms
of their correlation distance. A threshold is used to restrict the impostor face image
from being identified. Experimental results point up the effectiveness of a new method
in either using varying (noisy images, unknown images, face expressions, illumine,
and scales ).

In this study, a laboratory scale system of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
(MBBR) was used to treat municipal wastewater from a domestic community in
Baghdad City to get the water free from BOD for reuse in the irrigation or
discharge to the river. The aim of the described experimentation was the
comparison of a low cost MBBR and an activated sludge system (AS); the other
aim from this research is to derive successful MBBR wastewater reuse projects in
Iraq. Laboratory experiments were conducted in two parts, firstly at BOD5 load of
about (150-200) mg/l, filling ratio of plastic elements in the MBBR reactor was
40%. Aerobic reactor consumed most of the biodegradable organic matter. The
BOD5 removal efficiencies were 78 and 90% for MBBR & AS respectively.
Second part when BOD5 load about (900-1300) mg/l used (synthetic wastewater)،
filling ratio is 67%. The removal efficiencies of BOD reached 73 % for AS and
about 88% for MBBR.

This paper investigates the applicability of the proposed digital image
correlation (DIC) system instead of traditional method by microscope to
measure the strains in forward extrusion process, which conducted for
rectangular section with plane strain condition by using taper die at angle
(2 = 90 ̊) and the proportion of reduction in area is (42.85 %).
Commercial pure lead (99.99% Pb) was chosen as a typical pattern to
measure the strain and strain rate for the forward extrusion process by a
visio-plasticity technique and the proposed digital image correlation
system. The obtained results indicate that the proposed digital image
correlation (DIC) system is an accurate and reliable for measuring the
strains using inexpensive equipments.

This paper is devoted to design and implement an Anti spyware software package.
The targeted type is the kernel level spyware which is the most dangerous threat due to
the capabilities granted to the spyware code injected in this level. Kernel level is the
most trusted level and the code executed at this level will have accessibility to all
system resources. This paper will introduce a methodology to lock device stack for any
attaching of malicious filter driver, spyware is using filter driver as the main weapon to
intercept data exchanged by system devices (physical, logical or virtual) and the I/O
manager.
The paper interduces also, a locking methodology for the device stack is presented
and all kernel level APIs are explained. The ‘keyboard’ is the target stack to be locked
against famous attack of keyboard logger.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the promising
technologies to improve the spectral efficiency, enhance system capacity and mitigate
inter-symbol interference in the wireless communication system. Adaptive
modulation (AM) with OFDM has been suggested as a bandwidth efficient
transmission technique in wireless fading environments. In this paper, adaptive
modulation techniques is used with OFDM system to improve the throughput
performance of the system using four modulation schemes BPSK, QPSK, 8QAM,
and 16QAM. Two algorithms to estimate SNR are suggested. The first algorithm is to
estimate the SNR for each OFDM symbol in the frame. The second algorithm is to
estimate the channel SNR for each subcarrier in the OFDM symbol. The comparison
between the results of the two algorithms on the performances of BER and
throughput for OFDM system is shown. Furthermore, the effect of various types of
channel equalization on performances of system will be determined. The obtained
results show that a significant improvements in terms of bit error rate (BER) and
throughput can be achieved demonstrating the superiority of the adaptive modulation
schemes compared to fixed transmission schemes.

Keywords are useful tools as they give the shorter summary of the
document. Keywords are useful for a variety of purposes including
summarizing, indexing, labeling, categorization, clustering, and searching, and
in this paper we will use keywords in order to find the relevance degree
between an English text and its title.
The proposed system solves this problem through simple statistic (Term
frequency) and linguistic approaches by extracting the keywords of the title
and keywords of the text (with their frequency that appear in the text) and
finding the average of title's keywords frequency across the text that represent
the relevance degree that required, with depending on a lexicon of a particular
field(in this work we choose computer science field). This lexicon is
represented using two different B+ trees one for non-keywords and the other
for candidate keywords, these keywords was stored in a manner that prevent
redundancy of these terms or even sub-terms to provide efficient memory
usage and to minimize the search time.
The proposed system was implemented using Visual Prolog 5.1 and after
testing, it proved to be valuable for finding the degree of relevance between a
text and its title (from point of view of accuracy and search time).