Misan Journal for Physical Education Sciences

Choosing the appropriate training method is one of the factors that is given great importance in sports training. Among these training methods are FUII BODY FOIIOW AIONG-style exercises, which is one of the forms of repetitive, high-effort exercises that depend mainly on the physical condition of the athlete to determine the goal to be achieved. These exercises are considered training for the entire body, meaning All muscle groups of the body are included in one training session, so that the exercise groups are short, and these exercises give all members of the body the strength and ability to endure the performance with the least effort and high accuracy in achievement to achieve the best results in the matches.
The research problem: Through the researcher following the basketball game and through watching, it was noted that there is a decrease in the level of offensive skills among basketball players in the last half of the match, which the researcher attributes this to a decrease in some physical abilities, which negatively affects the level of performance of offensive skills among basketball players. The basket.
The research aims to prepare FUII BODY FOIIOW AIONG-style exercises for basketball players and to identify the effect of FUII BODY FOIIOW AIONG-style exercises on some physical abilities and some offensive skills for basketball players.
The experimental approach was used in a one-group manner, and it was conducted on the players of Al- KARKH Sports Club. Pre- and post-tests were conducted for research variables, and the training units continued from 9/5/2023 until 10/12/2023.
It was concluded that the exercises prepared in the FUII BODY FOIIOW AIONG style have proven their importance and role in the sporting aspect, and that the exercises in the FUII BODY FOIIOW AIONG style have brought about development in some of the physical abilities and offensive skills of the players of Al-KARKH Sports Club.
The researcher recommends using exercises prepared in the FUII BODY FOIIOW AIONG style in Al- KARKH Sports Club and working on developing physical abilities and offensive skills because they have an effective role in the preparations of Al - KARKH Sports Club.

The purpose of the research is to build, standardize and apply the scale of mental alertness and apply it to football players, and also establish the standard grades for the scale, and the method used in the research was the descriptive method in the survey style because it is most suitable for the research objectives and the nature of the problem, but the research sample was selected in the deliberate way that was created by me (61 ) football club in the Al-Iraqi Premier League for the sports season (2024-2025), and the processing of statistical operations with the SPSS system For statistical analysis, therefore, the researcher's conclusion is that the mental alertness scale used by the researchers is a good tool to detect the level of alertness possessed by the player in the Iraqi Premier League.

This study explores the impact of organizational commitment on scout teams’ performance in physical education and sports sciences colleges. The research focused on three key dimensions of organizational commitment: affective, continuance, and normative. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed, with data collected via a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 200 participants. The findings revealed significant differences between individuals with high and low levels of organizational commitment, with normative commitment being the most influential. The study recommends fostering transformational leadership and organizing activities that strengthen social bonds among team members.

The study sought to ascertain the effects of a proposed educational program employing Keller's strategy and various multimedia tools on the acquisition of shish skills. The researchers utilised an experimental methodology on a sample of shish players associated with the Specialised Centre for Fencing in Maysan Governorate for the 2023-2024 sports season, comprising 14 players, randomly divided, including 12 players. The primary research sample consisted of six groups of players, with two groups designated for exploratory experience. Various assessments of fundamental shish skills were conducted, encompassing normal progression and normal regression, as well as physical abilities such as translational speed, prolonged speed, leg force speed, explosive leg power, speed extension, agility, flexibility, and overall stretching. To fulfil the study's objectives, the researchers employed the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyse the results. The researchers arrived at significant conclusions, notably: the impact of the training network employing the interval training method on enhancing certain physical and skill variables for the experimental group of shish players, while the traditional method positively influenced the acquisition of specific shish skills and physical abilities in the control group. The researchers advocated for the prioritisation of the training network utilising the intermittent training method to improve various physical and skill variables for shish players. It is essential to focus on the application of the training network utilising the intermittent training method to enhance certain physical and skill variables for shish players, as well as to employ this method in instructing shish skills due to its beneficial effects on improving the performance level of the players.

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of psychological hesitation affecting the performance of the serve in tennis, especially the second serve, by giving psychological exercises in various situations that help raise the level, reduce fear and raise the player's morale. The research problem was: Serving in tennis, both the first and second types, but failure to implement it leads to losing the point, and therefore the player suffers from a state of hesitation due to the implementation for fear of failure of the first serve, which is strong and the second is more hesitant due to its importance at the beginning of the game and attack, and here the player needs a psychological aspect that enhances the performance in the serve. The most important objectives of the research were: Identifying the effect of psychological exercises in reducing psychological hesitation and raising the level of performance of the serve in tennis for youth. The experimental method was used, and the sample is the youth players of the Shatt al-Arab Club. The most important conclusions were reached: Psychological exercises helped reduce psychological hesitation and worked to raise the level of performance of the serve in tennis for youth. Recommendations: Adopting psychological exercises as they helped reduce psychological hesitation and raised the level of tennis serve performance for young people.

Chapter One: In light of the rapid development in teaching methods, traditional strategies have become insufficient to achieve educational objectives in areas that require interaction and creativity, such as rhythmic gymnastics. This study aims to explore the effect of active learning strategy in improving female students\' skill performance in rhythmic gymnastics skills. Therefore, the active learning strategy was proposed as an interactive educational method that encourages critical thinking, group cooperation, and the development of creativity. The study assumes the existence of statistically significant differences between traditional methods and active learning in favor of the latter in improving skill and rhythmic performance. Chapter Two: The research sample included 20 female students, who were divided into two groups: an experimental group to which the active learning strategy was applied, and a control group that used traditional methods. The educational program included 12 educational units, with a weekly unit of 90 minutes, with interactive activities and performance analysis using video. Pre-tests were conducted on 11/30/2023 and post-tests on 3/7/2024 to measure the level of improvement. The researcher used tools such as (balls, hoops, indicators), with data analysis using SPSS. The expected results indicate the effectiveness of the active learning strategy in improving the skill and aesthetic performance of female students compared to traditional methods
Chapter Three: After applying the active learning program, the experimental group showed a noticeable improvement in all the skills studied (balance, motor coordination with rhythm, flexibility), while the control group did not show any statistically significant improvement, except for a slight development that can be attributed to natural growth. In the post-test, the experimental group clearly outperformed the control group in all skills, which confirms that the use of the active learning strategy had a direct positive impact on the development of the skill performance of female students, compared to traditional methods.
As for the conclusions, they confirmed the effectiveness of the active learning program in enhancing motor skills compared to traditional methods, which showed limitations in improving performance

Each Directorate of Education has a sports activity department. In this department there are units, including training centers that are concerned with building sports teams affiliated with the Directorate of Education and participating in official tournaments at the ministry level. This study aimed to measure the level of visionary leadership and sports talent management for training center trainers and to identify the correlation between these two variables. The research hypotheses were the existence of a correlation between the visionary leadership variable and sports talent management for training center trainers. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the correlation method. The research sample consisted of (20) trainers working in the training centers of the Sports and Scouting Activity Department. The main results were that there was a good correlation between the two variables. The conclusions were that the trainers of the training centers in the Sports and Scouting Activity Department have visionary management in managing sports talent.

CrossFit is a form of modern physical training that aims to increase physical abilities. Gymnasts need a special physical fitness that qualifies them to develop the necessary elements to practice this sport. Strength in its various forms is the main pillar of gymnastics and one of the most important components of physical fitness. The vaulting table is one of the artistic gymnastics devices for men that has been included in progress and development and which receives great attention from coaches and players due to its characteristics that distinguish it from other devices. The research problem was manifested in the weakness and low level of performance of some students and the reluctance of others to perform the skill of the front hands jump on the vaulting table device. The research aimed to identify the effect of CrossFit exercises in developing some components of special muscle strength and technical performance of the skill of the front hands jump on the vaulting table device. The researcher assumed the existence of statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-test in some components of special muscle strength and technical performance of the skill of the front hands jump on the vaulting table device. The research community was represented by third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra, for the academic year 2023-2024, numbering (200) distributed over (7) departments. (20) students were intentionally selected from those who complain of a clear weakness in performing the forward hand jump skill on the jumping table device. The researcher concluded that CrossFit exercises contributed effectively to developing the two characteristics of strength characterized by speed and explosive strength of the muscles of the arms, abdomen and legs. The researcher recommended adopting the training program used in developing and improving special strength and its effect on performing the forward hand jump on the jumping table device.

The research included four chapters. The first chapter addressed the introduction and importance of the research through the use of (VAR) technology to identify ideal performance, detect and identify errors, and increase students' cognitive achievement. The problem included that there is a defect in the study units regarding the technical aspect according to the educational curriculum and regarding the cognitive achievement of the handball deception skill. The research also aimed to identify the differences in the post-tests between the control and experimental groups. As for the research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences in the post-tests between the control and experimental groups in favor of the experimental group in learning to perform the deception skill and the cognitive aspect. The second chapter included the research methodology and its field procedures, as the researcher used the experimental method on a sample of second-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Basra. The research sample was selected by lottery. The second chapter also contained a set of exploratory tests and experiments. The third chapter presented the results, analyzed them, discussed them, and performed statistical treatments on them. As for the fourth chapter, the researcher concluded that the experimental group sample was superior using the (var) technique over the control group sample, and accordingly it was recommended: conducting other studies that include the (var) technique for other games.

The research phenomenon emerged with two questions whether the application of exercises according to the flexible resistance platform (VertiMax) affects the function of the sensory and motor nerves of the muscles of the lower limb and what kind of this effect is, as well as what is the size of the effect of applying these exercises with explosive power. The research aims to identify the effect of exercises according to the flexible resistance platform (VertiMax). in the sensory and motor nerves of the muscles of the lower limb and explosive power in young fencing players. The researcher used the experimental method and identified the research community, namely the players of Maysan governorate teams in fencing and the three weapons youth category, and some procedures were adopted to achieve the objectives of the study. The research came out with the following conclusions: The method of training was achieved according to the flexible resistance platform (VertiMax) improved the function of nerve signal velocity indicators of sensory and motor nerves, as well as effectively developing the explosive power of lower limb muscles in the research community.

Basketball is considered one of the sports that differs in its nature as a team game from many team games in terms of the speed of its rhythms and the succession of rhythms and the reciprocal motor performances between the continuous offensive and defensive operations. It is characterized by speed, strength and endurance of performance. The player moves from the attack to the defense quickly and continuously. This requires the continuous consumption of energy during the two halves of the match, as well as compensating for that energy in order to continue performing physical efforts throughout the periods of the match. Here, it is necessary to identify the biochemical indicators of the body in a state of rest and when making physical efforts during the two halves of the match. The study aimed to identify the effect of the match halves on the level of the hormone cortisol among basketball players. The researcher assumed that... There are statistically significant differences between the match halves in the level of cortisol concentration in the blood of basketball players. The researcher used the descriptive approach because it is suitable for the nature of the problem. The researcher identified the research sample from the players of the Popular Mobilization Club in basketball. To deal with the raw scores in a simple way in order to interpret them, the researcher used several statistical methods. In light of the above, the researcher reached several conclusions, including that the response of the cortisol hormone to the effort of the match was very rapid. The researcher recommended that the results be adopted by coaches and workers in the field of basketball because they are important in developing physical performance and also because they are real indicators of the effect of the effort of competition on physiological variables.

The study aimed to prepare an educational curriculum according to the reciprocal learning method in developing some basic basketball skills for female students and to identify the effect of the educational curriculum using the reciprocal learning method in developing some basic basketball skills for female students. The researcher used the experimental method to suit the study problem. As for the research sample, the number of members of this community was (20) female students. Practicing and non-attending female students and female students who participated in the exploratory experiments were excluded. It was divided into two groups, the experimental and control, equally according to the numbers in their even and odd names register, with (8) female students for each group. The educational curriculum prepared by the researcher was applied, and then the post-tests were conducted. Then the data were collected and processed statistically. After extracting the results, the following conclusions were reached: There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in the chest and rebound handling test in the control group sample. There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in the chest and rebound handling test in the experimental group sample, in favor of the post-test. There is a significant difference between the post-tests in the chest and rebound handling test between the control and experimental research groups in favor of the experimental group. The researcher recommends focusing in the educational curricula for researchers on the basic skills in the game of basketball and using modern educational teaching methods to advance the learning process and adopting the reciprocal teaching method in the remaining skills related to basketball, as it has achieved significant and competitive results among female students.

In order to identify the level of readiness of the player before competition, the role of the science of measurement and testing has become one of the evaluation tools in the sports field, in addition to its advanced roles to one of the scholars who rely on the science of sports training in knowing the extent of the player’s readiness before competing in sports The importance of the research lies in the coach’s knowledge of the readiness of the players, as well as identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the players’ training level by evaluating the training situation by conducting tests of the most important physical abilities of the Diyala Educational Handball Team players، As for the problem of the research, since the researchers are interested in measuring and testing handball, when he attended the training units for the players of the Diyala education team, and after discussing with the coaches, we reached the necessity of conducting interim tests (follow-up) in evaluating the training status of the players and knowing the extent of their benefit from the training session. The research aims to identify the differences between the results of the three tests for the physical abilities of the players of the Diyala education handball team. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the form of follow-up tests to suit the objectives of the research. The research sample is represented by the players of the Diyala education handball team, who number (13) The most important physical abilities of handball players were identified and appropriate tests were used, especially speed endurance. It turned out to us that the tests identified a lack of development in the research sample in the explosive power of the legs and transitional speed and in the final tests. One of the most important recommendations is to apply the tests to the rest of the teams of the other governorates.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the coordination obstacles scale and the coordination level scale for the administrators of the administrative bodies participating in the Iraqi Premier League in football, as the researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships. As for the research community, it included the administrative bodies participating in the Iraqi Premier League in football for the sports season (2023-2024), where the research sample consisted of (191) administrators, while the time frame was determined during the period from (12/21/2023 to 10/15/2024). The researcher will conclude through the results he reached that there is a significant correlation between the coordination obstacles scale and the coordination level scale for the administrators of the administrative bodies participating in the Iraqi Premier League in football. The researcher noted that the research sample has sufficient information that enables them to answer the statements of the two scales. The researcher also recommended that there is an urgent need for the administrative bodies participating in the Iraqi Premier League in football to pay attention to the coordination obstacles and the coordination level for the administrators of the bodies participating in the Iraqi Premier League.

The aim of this research was to use different types of feedback in learning the skill of court defense in volleyball for second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences and to identify the impact of these feedback types on learning this skill. The researcher adopted an experimental method with two groups, experimental and control, using both pre- and post-tests, as this was deemed the most suitable method to address the research problem. The research community was selected intentionally, consisting of second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala, for the academic year 2024/2025. The total number of male students was 405, divided into eight groups. The sample for the study was randomly selected through a lottery process, with the students from groups (B) and (C) participating. After excluding the failing students, deferrals, and those who were already proficient in the game, the final sample consisted of 80 students, with 40 students in each group. The experimental group represented students from group (B), while the control group represented students from group (C). The sample represented 19.75% of the original community.
The researcher concluded that the use of feedback had a positive impact on learning the skill of court defense in volleyball, as it significantly improved the students' performance. It was found that feedback contributes to enhancing students' ability to master the skill in the long term, which helps them apply it more accurately and efficiently. Immediate feedback after performance was more effective in accelerating learning and improving performance compared to feedback provided after a longer time. The study recommends using feedback regularly during training sessions to enhance the learning of court defense skills, with a focus on immediate feedback to speed up progress. It is also advised to vary the feedback between positive and directive forms, providing corrective feedback alongside encouragement for small successes, which helps increase motivation and engage students. Furthermore, it is recommended that trainers be trained on how to use feedback effectively to guide students properly and achieve better results.

Volleyball is one of the most successful and competitive sports worldwide, characterized by excitement due to its skillful motor sequences. Therefore, a volleyball player must possess the appropriate physical and motor qualities required for the game to perform skillfully. The aim of the research was to prepare training with varying heights of barriers (30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm) and to identify the impact of these trainings on some biomechanical variables of the spike from the back row for advanced volleyball players. The hypothesis of the research is that there are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in some biomechanical variables of the spike from the back row. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the experimental method with a one-group design featuring pre-test and post-test. The experiment was applied to the experimental group, which consisted of (8) players from the Hebheb Club in Diyala Governorate. The experiment confirmed the research hypotheses, leading to positive results.

The current research aims to:
Identifying the correlation between some physical characteristics and the level of performance of a number of basic skills for young football players in the city of Mosul aged 16-18 years.
The researcher used the descriptive survey method because it suits the nature of the research problem
The research community included Nineveh Academies soccer players for youth participating in the Nineveh Academies Union soccer competitions at the ages of (16-18) years for the 2024/2025 sports season, who numbered (173) young players representing (10) academies.
Physical tests
- Vertical jump test from a standstill to measure the explosive strength of the legs.
- Repetitive vertical jump test to measure the force extension of the leg muscles.
- Rebound running test 9-3-6-3-9 to measure agility.
- Nelson motor response test.
Skill tests
- Controlling the ball (dribbling the ball)
- Control of stopping the ball (suppression)
- Nearby scoring
- Long scoring
The researchers concluded the following:
The speed of motor response has a direct effect on the skills of ball control and close scoring among young football players in the city of Mosul.
The researchers recommend the following:
Football coaches emphasize developing the speed of motor response of young players because of its special importance in the skills of ball control and close scoring.

Cognitive achievement is one of the most important things and components that researchers and specialists go through in the teaching process, they go through its study and deepen access to new scientific foundations in the evaluation of learners, and the vision in the field of specialization deepens and builds a base of information that contributes and helps in the development of students ' cognitive output, and the result of what students have information and knowledge related to their understanding of the philosophy of university education, so my achievement of the subject of measurement and educational evaluation of thirty paragraphs and dishes Based on a sample of (100 ) students, the test was prepared in a scientific formula according to the steps of building the achievement test, which proved that the test is suitable for the main research sample, and the researcher recommends relying on this test .

In this study the effect of listening to music during performance requiring physical strength was investigated through the handgrip strength test, and performance requiring high cognitive energy was tested through spatial accuracy, i.e., focusing on the target while listening to music. Sixteen students participated in this study, taking part in two tests: the first was a handgrip strength test, and the second was a spatial accuracy test. All participants were athletes. The results showed the effect of music on grip strength as well as on the accuracy test. However, the effect of music on accuracy, which required a high level of cognitive energy, was more significant than on grip strength, which required a lower level of cognitive ability. This is an important indicator of the role of music on high cognitive demands. In sum the musical rhythm enhances performance, whether it requires high physical strength or high mental energy. However, the effect of music on performance that requires high mental energy was greater than on performance that requires great physical strength.