Research and Islamic Studies Journal

The study and delving into the field of research within the topic of the theoretical framework of the Islamic stock market, which was highlighted for the most prominent issues in the stock market, which is one of the important topics in the contemporary economy of the Islamic stock market in its current form, and this study dealt with the available ways to define contemporary financial markets, as the contemporary economy did not address the Islamic stock market in its current form until after a period of time, so the need arose to focus and direct the study and the Islamic community to work with it for what is happening in the contemporary stock market of manipulations, fraud, and unlawful and immoral financial transactions such as gambling, speculation, false rumors to manipulate markets and others, knowing that the contemporary stock market is one of the modern economic topics in the history of economics, and the Islamic stock market is among the contemporary or situational markets, it is also one of the new topics, as the first signs of its establishment or formation appeared in the twentieth century, so the Islamic economy did not know this type of market at the beginning of Islam, and the research and discussion of the nature of the Islamic stock market were conducted, from the jurisprudential and legal perspective of the Islamic stock market, as well as the operations of the Islamic stock market and its legal application, and the research was organized According to the prepared plan, the first section contains the legal requirements for establishing an Islamic stock market, the second section contains the operations of the stock market and its legal adaptation, and this study aimed at the necessity of creating a market for Islamic stocks due to the nature of the financial transactions that occur in the contemporary or situational stock market and their lack of compatibility with the legal controls, as the need arose to create a framework for transactions on securities within the framework of the legal controls, in order to sustain life in the Islamic society to achieve prosperity and livelihood sufficiency.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhammad, his family, his companions, and those who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment. Now then:
The research includes jurisprudential issues described by Imam Ibn Hajar as anomalous, and he is a great Imam with extensive knowledge. The purpose of the research is to highlight and clarify the meaning of anomalous in the terminology of the jurists, may Allah have mercy on them. Not every anomalous statement is rejected and cannot be accepted. Therefore, I wanted to clarify The meaning of the anomalous in the research and God is behind the intention.
May God bless and grant peace and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his family and companions.

This study examines Sharh Ma‘ani al-Athar by Imam Abu Ja‘far al-Tahawi (d. 321 AH), one of the most significant works in the Hanafi school, which integrates hadith scholarship with jurisprudence. The book systematically presents disputed legal issues, evaluates the evidence supporting different opinions, and often favors the Hanafi position. However, Imam al-Tahawi also occasionally supports the arguments of other schools with fairness and scholarly rigor.A key feature of his methodology is the use of fanqalah (jurisprudential transitions), where he structures discussions through questions, objections, and responses, employing phrases like \\"If they say, we reply…\\" and \\"If it is said, I say…\\". This rhetorical style, long used by scholars, enhances the clarity and depth of legal discourse. This study focuses on selected issues from the chapters on Nikah (marriage) and Talaq (divorce) as case studies to highlight al-Tahawi’s approach in presenting, analyzing, and resolving legal debates. The research underscores his contribution to Islamic jurisprudence and the effectiveness of fanqalah in articulating and defending legal positions.

The discipline of verbal resemblance (al-mutashabih al-lafzi) is one of the Quranic disciplines that has garnered significant attention from prominent scholars, who dedicated much of their lives to writing and compiling works on this subject. This is due to its status as one of the aspects of the Quran\\'s miraculous nature (i\\'jaz) and a testament to its eloquence. The title of my research on this topic is: \\"Verbal Resemblance in Surah Al-Baqarah – An Interpretive Study.\\" The study examines how scholars have addressed and explained the resemblances between similar verses in Surah Al-Baqarah and other verses across the Quran.
The research is structured into an introduction and three main sections. The first section defines verbal resemblance in linguistic terms and as a specialized discipline according to scholars. The second section discusses the importance of this science, the reasons for its emergence, and the most notable works written on the subject. The third section focuses on analyzing and explaining the resemblances and differences between similar verses in Surah Al-Baqarah and other Quranic chapters. The research concludes with a summary of the key findings derived from this study. These findings highlight the significance of understanding verbal resemblance as a means to appreciate the Quran\\'s linguistic brilliance, coherence, and depth, particularly in Surah Al-Baqarah, which serves as a rich field for exploring this unique aspect of Quranic studies.

This research aims to shed light on the science of ambiguities (‘Ilm al-Mubhamat), a noble discipline due to its connection to the interpretation of the Qur\'an, through the lens of a prominent figure in exegesis, the renowned interpreter Imam Mujahid ibn Jabr. The significance of this study lies in its focus on two key aspects: first, its relevance to the important field of Qur\'anic sciences, particularly exegesis (Tafsir), and second, its association with a distinguished scholar and imam of Qur\'anic interpretation. The study begins by defining ambiguities, categorizing their types, and exploring the primary reasons for the presence of ambiguity in the Qur\'an. It then systematically outlines the methodological approaches to clarifying these ambiguities. The research is further reinforced by an applied study, which underscores the importance of this topic and its impact on elucidating and interpreting the words of Allah (SWT). This is achieved through an analysis of Qur\'anic ambiguities as addressed by Mujahid, organized according to the order of the Qur\'anic chapters (Surahs). The study concludes with a summary of the key findings and insights derived from the research.

This research aims to explore the utilization of natural resources and their impact on economic development in light of the texts of the Qur\'an and Sunnah. The researcher begins by examining the concept of taskheer (utilization) linguistically and terminologically, supported by evidence from the Qur\'an and Sunnah. The study then highlights the natural resources that Allah (SWT) has made available to humanity to facilitate their livelihood on Earth, emphasizing their importance and impact on human life through their use. Natural resources, which include plants, animals, minerals, air, and all other creations, are countless and have been created and subjugated by Allah for the benefit of humanity. The research also discusses Allah\'s encouragement for humans to work and develop these resources to achieve personal, familial, and societal development, as well as to benefit future generations. Furthermore, the study addresses the economic impact of these resources, such as job creation and increased production. The research concludes with key findings summarized in the conclusion.

The conventional designation (wad') of the Arabic language predates the mission of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). When the Prophet was sent, he used words in ways that sometimes differed from their original linguistic meanings. This led the legal theorists (usuliyyun) to examine what Islamic legal terminology (al-alfaz al-shar'iyyah) signifies and how customary usage (al-istimal al-'urfi) evolved and matured.In this humble research, I present to the esteemed reader an exploration of these concepts, focusing on how the appropriate meaning of a word is deduced—starting from its linguistic origin, moving to its Shariah-based usage, and culminating in its customary application. I also clarify the evidence and methodologies used to derive these meanings. Gathering this information from the scattered writings of the legal theorists proved challenging, as the authors did not address this topic under a clear or unified heading. Instead, each scholar approached it according to their own methodological framework in Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh). This research aims to organize and present these insights systematically, shedding light on the process of determining linguistic meanings within the context of Shariah and customary usage.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and all his companions. This research examines the impact of the multiplicity of events on the critique of hadith, clarifying the linguistic and terminological definition of the term "multiplicity of events" and exploring how hadith scholars have used this concept to critique narrations, influencing their authentication or weakening. This was applied to the narrations of the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa as a practical model, where its narrations were extracted and critiqued according to the methodology of hadith scholars, while highlighting the effect of the multiplicity of events on the judgment of these narrations. Scholars have differed in determining the timing of the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa into several schools of thought: the first school holds that it occurred before the Battle of the Trench (Al-Ahzab), the second school believes it occurred afterward, and the third school argues that the event was repeated multiple times, reconciling the differing narrations. The research aimed to resolve the contradiction between what historians of military expeditions mentioned—that the Prophet (peace be upon him) personally led the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa in Najd, departing in Jumada al-Awwal of the fourth year and performing the prayer of fear with them, as reported by Ibn Ishaq and a group of historians—and what was authentically reported in the hadith of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in the Sahihayn, stating that the polytheists delayed the Prophet (peace be upon him) from performing the Asr prayer on the day of the Trench until sunset, so he combined Asr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers and did not perform the prayer of fear, noting that the Battle of the Trench occurred in the fifth year. The narrations of the event were studied and analyzed, with the rulings of hadith scholars cited, and the preponderant opinion regarding the multiplicity of events was clarified. The research consisted of two main sections and a conclusion, through which results were reached that clarify the strongest view on this issue, emphasizing the importance of the methodology of hadith scholars in critiquing and authenticating narrations.

The research deals with one of the most Important legal topics that relate to human reality, and occupies the minds of reformists in the nation, because of its great relationship to the theory of Islamic Sharia and its guidance in human reform, which Is the construction of the institution of divorce, the understanding of which is linked to evoking Sharia jurisprudence in reality, and explaining its reform and social role in The life of the nation, and there must be ways to address this problem that affects the individual and the group in Islamic society from a legal jurisprudential point of view.

This study explores the concept of the hidden structure in Arabic grammar, referring to elements that do not explicitly appear in linguistic structures but play a fundamental role in determining grammatical relationships and the semantic interpretation of sentences. This concept is a cornerstone of Arabic grammatical thought, as early grammarians such as Sibawayh and Ibn Jinni utilized it to explain complex grammatical phenomena. The study aims to analyze the stability of this grammatical structure amidst the linguistic, social, and technological transformations that Arabic has undergone over time. It also seeks to examine how Arabic grammar interacts with contemporary developments, particularly in the context of the spread of colloquial dialects, the influence of digital media, and the emergence of artificial intelligence applications in language analysis. The study raises a central question: has Arabic grammar preserved its traditional hidden structure, or has it been significantly influenced by modern transformations, necessitating modifications in grammatical rules or merely adjustments in teaching and interpretation methods? The research employs an analytical and comparative methodology, investigating the hidden structure in Arabic grammar through classical linguistic texts and comparing it with modern linguistic analysis approaches. Additionally, contemporary linguistic applications were utilized to assess the impact of social and technological changes on the teaching and practical application of Arabic grammar in daily life. The study concludes that although the hidden structure remains a theoretical constant, its application and usage have evolved. While its fundamental rules have remained stable within the grammatical framework, shifts in communication and expression have led to the emergence of new syntactic structures that necessitate a reconsideration of grammar teaching methods to ensure greater flexibility. Furthermore, the research highlights that digital advancements present an opportunity to enhance grammar education, provided they are employed in a way that reinforces grammatical understanding rather than distancing learners from its foundational principles. The study underscores the need to revise Arabic grammar teaching methodologies to accommodate linguistic changes while preserving the language’s deep-rooted grammatical foundations, taking into account contemporary advancements and modern technological tools.

The research aims to know the attitudes of teachers in the Open College of Education towards school punishment. The study population consisted of all the teachers of the Open College of Education, as they numbered (1061) male and female teachers, and (100) male and female teachers were selected as a sample for the research in a random and proportional manner. Al-Harthy scale (1991) was adopted to measure teachers' attitudes after its validity and reliability were extracted, using appropriate statistical methods and then analyzing the study data. The results showed: 1- Teachers' attitudes in the Open College of Education towards school punishment are negative. 2- The results showed statistically significant differences in teachers' attitudes towards school punishment in favor of males. 3- The results did not show statistically significant differences in the attitudes of teachers studying in the scientific and literary departments towards school punishment.

The primary purpose of the revelation of the Quran is to guide the nation to the path of truth and the straight path, and this encompasses all the verses of the Noble Book. However, some verses have specific reasons for their revelation, related to particular circumstances or events, such as an incident that occurred or a question posed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These specific reasons help in understanding the historical context and the circumstances in which the verses were revealed, thereby enhancing the comprehension of the intended meaning and clarifying whether the wording is general or specific.Understanding the reasons for revelation is an essential tool in interpreting the Quran, as it contributes to determining the precise meaning of the verses and reveals the wisdom behind its rulings. It also aids in distinguishing between the general and specific aspects of the texts, especially when evidence points to the specification of certain verses. Therefore, studying the reasons for revelation is considered a key to a deeper understanding of the intended message of Allah (SWT) in His Noble Book.

This study explores religious perceptions of extraterrestrial life in Christianity and Judaism by analyzing religious texts, theological interpretations, and philosophical perspectives on the possibility of life beyond Earth. The research addresses a central question: how do these two religions conceptualize the existence of intelligent beings outside our planet, and what impact might such a concept have on established theological doctrines such as creation, salvation, and humanity's role in the universe? The first chapter examines potential references to non-human beings in the religious scriptures of Christianity and Judaism. In Christianity, selected passages from the Bible that may imply the existence of other worlds are analyzed, along with interpretations from Church Fathers and official positions of major Christian denominations. In Judaism, certain Torah and Talmudic texts that can be understood as references to extraterrestrial beings are studied, alongside rabbinic perspectives throughout history. The second chapter focuses on the theological and philosophical implications of extraterrestrial life. In Christianity, discussions revolve around salvation and redemption—whether these concepts would apply to other intelligent beings—and how such a notion affects the anthropocentric view of creation. In Judaism, the research explores how the idea of extraterrestrial life might influence theological understandings of God and the cosmos, with particular attention to Kabbalistic (Jewish mysticism) interpretations and contemporary religious debates on the matter. The study concludes that religious perspectives on extraterrestrial life in Christianity and Judaism range from cautious skepticism to flexible interpretations that allow for reconciliation between faith and potential scientific discoveries. It highlights the need for deeper theological and philosophical studies to assess the implications of this topic on religious beliefs and to encourage dialogue between science and religion.

This research explores the Quranic guidance on kind and gentle interaction through a comparative study of verses on compassion and good speech. It highlights how the Quran directs kind treatment of others, shedding light on the importance of gentleness in Quranic texts and its impact on social and moral relationships. The study also focuses on the practical application of these principles in the life of a Muslim.

Social life in Medina in the era of early Islam in the Prophet's and Rashidun eras represented a unique and rare image in the history of humanity، until the society that prevailed in that era was considered a virtuous society.The apparent simplicity and simple uncomplicated living in Medina has taken its form from the teachings of Islam and its calls on how to deal with the worldly life، and from the morals of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and after him the Rightly-Guided Caliphs (may God be pleased with them)، and this was the case in the era of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate until the movement of blessed and large Islamic conquests of countries began، and one of its results was that the diversity of the population in Medina، which led to a change in many of the Aspects of social life in it، due to the transfer of cultures from the inhabitants of those countries who settled in Medina، and this was evident in the days of the caliphate of Othman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him)، so the manifestations of housing، clothing، food، and many customs and traditions changed.

The importance of understanding Islamic legal rulings is evident to every specialist in Islamic sciences and their students. This knowledge serves as the means to discern what is obligatory, prohibited, recommended, disliked, or permissible for a person, as well as to understand the reasons, conditions, and impediments associated with these rulings. Furthermore, it helps differentiate between obligatiory-creating (taklifi) rulings and declaratory (wad'i) rulings. This research was defines the concept of Islamic legal rulings and their classifications. It goes into declaratory rulings, their types, and the debate among scholars of usul (Islamic principles of religion) on whether declaratory rulings constitute an independent category derived from legal rulings or are merely a subset of obligatory-creating rulings. Additionally, the research addresses the disagreement among those who consider declaratory rulings a branch of Islamic legal rulings that parallels obligatory-creating rulings. It explores the varying views on what falls under declaratory rulings—some limit them to three, while others expand them further. The study includes an introduction and a conclusion summarizing the findings reached through this research.

Calling to Allah (Da'wah) is one of the noblest tasks entrusted to the finest of humanity, as it is the mission of the prophets and messengers (peace be upon them). It is among the most virtuous acts of righteousness, as it guides people and fosters the rise of virtuous societies. Throughout history, Islamic Da'wah has faced significant challenges and serious obstacles, both internally and externally, with globalization being one of the most prominent. Confronting these challenges requires enhanced planning, thorough study, and the development of strategies to overcome them and mitigate their risks. Undoubtedly, sound foundations lead to fruitful outcomes. Therefore, Da'wah to Allah must be built upon essential principles, the most important of which is insight (Bassira) in calling to Islam. Without this insight, one cannot be a true caller to Islam, as an unlearned person cannot effectively serve as a Da’i (caller) due to their inability to distinguish between truth and falsehood.

Contextual connotations are important in understanding the texts of jihad or belief within the verses of the Holy Qur’an, as they are among the most important connotations in interpreting the Qur’an by the Qur’an. On this basis, we note that Al-Zamakhshari has accordingly enriched his attention to familiarity in writing Al-Kashshaf, as this was a reason for an omitted assessment, or support. Saying or refuting it, we have through it proven many rulings, Without deviating from what supports the statement or ruling in arriving at the results by virtue of the context of the verses related to the study of jihad or belief, and according to a special and comprehensive methodology that clarifies the importance of the context in interpreting the text and revealing its truth in a way that is consistent with the phenomenon of the Qur’anic interpretation of the texts.

The importance of caring for mosques lies in reviving their educational and spiritual mission by identifying the means to reactivate their role in Islam. This requires highlighting their virtues and great status، maintaining the performance of acts of worship within them، and instilling a love for mosques in the hearts of worshippers so that their hearts remain attached to them. Through these efforts، the desired fruits of reviving the mission of mosques and enhancing their role in society can be achieved.

This research addresses the rulings regarding the reader's mistakes in reciting the Qur'an during prayer, with a focus on the impact of these mistakes on the validity of the prayer according to different juristic schools of thought. The study begins by defining the concept of a reader's mistake both linguistically and legally, indicating that it refers to errors that may occur during the recitation of the Qur'an, whether in the letters, diacritics, or pronunciation, which could alter the meaning or affect the validity of the prayer. The research then explores the different types of recitation mistakes that may occur during prayer and examines the ruling on their impact on the prayer’s validity according to the various juristic schools. The study further discusses how to correct such mistakes during prayer, explaining that in some cases, the worshiper can avoid these errors by re-reciting the verses correctly. It highlights the role of Tajweed in preventing recitation mistakes that could invalidate the prayer. The research concludes with the presentation of the most important findings derived from the study."