Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, we propose statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), to
predict surface roughness in turning process. Two independent data sets were
obtained on the basis of measurement: training data set and testing data set.
Original length, diameter and selected length are used as independent input
variables (parameters), while surface roughness as dependent output variable. On
the basis of training data set, different models for surface roughness were
developed by multiple regression model. The multiple regression model by using
(SPSS) could predict the surface roughness (Ra) with average percentage deviation
of 4.6%, or 95.4%, accuracy from training data, and from testing data set that was
not included in the multiple regression analysis with average percentage deviation
of 7.9%, or accuracy of 92.1%.

In the present work, a polymer composite was fabricated by mixing LDPE
with different wt% of pigment (Fe2O3 and TiO2) to obtain desirable properties in
fabrication single screw-extruder was utilized , this mixing machine operated at a
temperature between (150-170)Co.some of mechanical properties, such as tensile,
impact, hardness and bending test were determined at different weight fraction of
composite materials. It was found that the addition of pigment (TiO2 and Fe2O3) to the
LDPE leads to increase the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, tensile strength at
break, shore hardness on other hand it decreases the % elongation at break, and for the
impact strength.

Steel corrosion and erosion-corrosion have an important role in oil fields
utilizing steel pipelines. Therefore; in the present work corrosion, erosion and
erosion-corrosion tests are studied individually to investigate the interaction
between corrosion and erosion processes and to quantify the synergy (that caused
by erosion) in realistic flow environments.
The experimental work tests were done using special device which was
designed and manufactured according to (G 73) ASTM with certain modifications.
The experimental work tests were achieved using traditional weight loss
technique to measure weight loss rates in (gmd) unit. Also the microstructure
observations of the test specimens are studied.
It was observed that whole tests were conducted on oil pipe (X 60) made of
low carbon steel in plate form, tests were made on corrosion using 3.5 wt %
sodium chloride. (NaCl) solution as sea water purged with CO2 gas as the corrosive
medium in crude oil, erosion using 1 wt % silica sand as the erodent in distilled
water purged with N2 gas as anti corrosive medium to get erosion just during
erosion and erosion-corrosion using the same mentioned medium in the corrosion
but in erosion-corrosion 1 wt % silica sand was added as slurry to that medium, all
tests above were done under pumped media except in case of corrosion and
pumped media had constant pressure of 1 bar, flow rate Q = 36 L/min, temperature
≈ 25 ºC and pH = 4.4 for corrosive and erosive-corrosive media but pH = 7.4 for
erosive medium.
After traditional weight loss technique was achieved, it was found that
corrosion rate C.R (0.18144 gmd) was the smallest, erosion rate E.R (0.80214gmd)
was greater than corrosion rate (C.R), but erosion-corrosion rate EC.R
(3.99161gmd) was the biggest ie. (EC.R was greatest), in addition synergy
(0.0315g) was calculated by using special equation related to weight loss which
was measured in (g) unit.

This paper presents a design and simulation of proposed frequency synthesizer which
can be used for WiMAX. Design parameters for the proposed fractional-N PLL
synthesizer for WiMAX system are either selected from WiMAX standards or
according to results of analysis for each unit of the proposed system. Different
techniques for phase noise reduction are discussed. Sigma-delta fractional-N
technique is chosen for WiMAX system, since low settling time, spurious level and
phase noise can be obtained by using this technique. The simulation result shows the
system is stable, since the phase margin is greater than 45 degree. The settling time,
spurious level and phase noise obtained with this synthesizer are 5.9μs, -90dBc/Hz,
and -100dBc/Hz respectively. CppSim program (C++ simulator language) and Matlab
(V.7) are used for simulation of ΣΔ fractional-N PLL synthesizer

Kmait River is a flood escape that was constructed to divert water during
flood season from Tigris River to Al Huwayza Marsh through AsSanna'f Marsh.
Water stored in Al Huwayza Marsh is then discharged to Tigris River, through Al
Kassara River, and to Shatt Al Arab River, through AsSuwayb River.
Kmait River, AsSanna'f Marsh, and Al Huwayza Marsh form one
hydrological system. Therefore, the capacity of AsSanna'f Marsh and the capacity
and operation schedule of Al Huwayza Marsh were taken into consideration when
developing the capacity of Kmait River.
It was found, by using a one dimensional flow simulation model, that the
present discharge capacity of Kmait flood escape does not exceed 80m3/sec, and
this discharge can’t be diverted completely into Al Huwayza Marsh during January
and February months of a wet year unless the discharge capacity of AsSanna'f
Marsh outlet is increased from its current capacity of 402m3/sec to 468m3/sec.
It was found that the contraction in last part of Kmait River is throttling the
discharge. If this part is reshaped, the capacity of Kmait river will increased to
250m3/sec, which could be diverted into Al Huwayza Marsh if AsSanna'f Marsh
outlet reshaped and its capacity increased to 569m3/sec.
Depending on the maximum allowable monthly inflow of Al Huwayza
Marsh incase of replacing its present outlets control structures by new ones with a
capacity of 500m3/sec, Al Huwayza Marsh will absorb floods diverted from Tigris
River at design capacity of the control structure of Kmait River of 400m3/sec after

In the present work , schottky photodiode have been mode on n-type SiC
by depositing of thin layer of In . electrical characteristics included I-V
(dark and illumination ) have been investigated . Ideality factor is 1.6 and
barrier height is 0.53 eV was calculated from I-V and Isc-Voc
characteristics, Ideality factor is 1.7 and barrier height found to be 0.64 eV,
and from optoelectronic characteristics have found sensitivity results show
that peak response of photodiode was 550nm

The lossy-FDNR based active filter has an important property among many
design realizations. This includes a significant reduction in component
count particularly in the number of OP-AMP which consumes power.
However the problem of this type is the large component spreads which
affect the filter performance.
In this paper Genetic Algorithm is applied to minimize the component
spread (capacitance and resistance spread). The minimization of these
spreads allow the filter structure to be integrated since the minimum
component spread mean minimum chip area required for fabrication

Magnetized water has been experimented on chick-pea seed growth. Seeds are growing in plastic cups
for 18 days and irrigating with magnetized water which prepared by using static magnetic field. Plants
lengths are taken daily up to the day 18. Length results show that seeds irrigated with magnetized
water were taller than seeds irrigated with tap water. The difference in length was (2.67 cm) between
them.

This work involves fiberglass samples used in two kind of aging (45
days aging, 45 days aging with AC of 25 kV). Five sets of fiberglass
samples were used in the accelerated aging tests and each set consists of
nine fiberglass samples. The tested insulation length of these samples was
chosen as 0.3 m. Two metallic bands, upper and bottom, were used as
electrodes and tightly wrapped on the samples. The effect of surface
condition on the materials electric degradation was studied and the nine
samples were divided into' three group. The external surfaces of the first
group of tested samples were kept intact, but some scratches were manually
placed on the external surfaces of the second group. For the third group, five
holes, each with 2.5 cm in diameter, were manually drilled in each sample.
The electric experimental using to identify the insulation strength of
fiberglass materials were (the lighting impulse test, AC wet flashover tests
and, AC dry flashover test).The result show that the CFO voltage and AC
flashover under dry condition were higher than under wet condition for all
samples. The leakage current has a linear relation ship with applied voltage.
The electric degradation is significant when the sample were tested with
electric stress.

In this paper few high speed (i.e. as high as 80 GB/s) all-optical logic gates has been studied.
These logic gates include a ( 80Gb/s XOR ) gate using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)
based Mach-Zehnder interferometer incorporated with a delayed interferometer (DI), The
performance of XOR operation has been investigated using numerical simulations. The quality of
the XOR result is improved using a (DI) delayed interferometer after the Mach-Zehnder
interferometer. . A (80Gb/s XNOR) gate using four wave mixing (FWM) in highly nonlinear
fibers (HNLF) have been studied also, the four wave mixing process is a very fast process in
fibers ,the nonlinear Schrödinger equation that describes (FWM) process in fiber is solved
numerically using the split-step Fourier transform method ,this scheme is capable of operating at
a data rate as high as 250Gb/s ,finally A(40Gb/s) NOR gate operation has been analyzed by a
numerical solution of the SOA rate equations. To investigate the quality of NOR operation by
simulation, Q factor of the NOR output signal has been calculated. Q factor gives the information
of the optical signal to noise ratio in digital transmission .All numerical simulation programs
performed through Matt-Lab 7.0 prgram

Spectral reflection properties of contaminated water were studies and
experimentally measured using (Radiometric Measurement).An experimental
simulating system was designed to measure contaminated water reflection in
similar conditions to those of the marsh water regarding the rate of suspended
solids and in similar spectral bands to those used in the detectors of landsat satellite
(TM sensor) using the local measurement radiometer. It is an attempt to estimate
the rate of suspended solid and dissolved objects through measuring spectral
reflection to choose the best spectral bands which can achieve such relation and to
make use of the results of experimental spectral reflection simulation of marsh
water in categorizing space photos type and depth and to estimate the rate of
suspended solids and salts and eventually to combine experimental measurements
with space photo to obtain a conclusion of marsh water properties (0.63-
0.69μm)band can achieve best relation between suspended solids with surface
waterreflectance

In this study water sample taken from kirmashiya marsh and its tributaries of (majray,
kirmashiya and Um AL-timan) were tested and analyzed. The tests covered both physical
and chemical properties; water is a good germs host and dissolves many salts which may
poisonous. Moreover, water can carry minute solids. Therefore, an important water
specification is that it should not do any harm to health whether it is used for drinking or
not. Many living organisms can live in water when they reproduce, the more these
organisms, the more polluted water is especially when nutrients are available which are
carried by water this is as far as drinking water is concerned. On the other hand, water has
several other advantages to man. It is the source of some of man's food (fish) other uses
follow AL-kirmashiya marsh was subjected to man made drying in the last decade of the
last century, forcing the population to migrate. After the downfall the old regime, the
ministry of water Resources represented by (CRIM) started to flood the area and open the
tributaries which feed the marsh and remove the embankment built to dry the marsh. The
population began to then land, using marsh water for drinking and other uses. But
laboratory tests on marsh water carried out by the center and other related offices show
deterioration in marsh water quality.
The deterioration of water quality is because there are no exit outlets to kirmashiya marsh
and the discharge waste water from human activities in surrounding areas, and discharge
of drainage water from cultivated lands nearby. All these factors have led to marsh poor
water quality.

Sand or stone columns are considered one of the efficient methods of
improving soft clayey soils. They are cheap, easy to use, and results in
increasing the bearing capacity of the soil and decreasing its compressibility.
In this research, a series of laboratory tests were performed using small scale
columns (Dia. = 38 mm, Depth = 180 mm) inserted in a soft clay
layer which was prepared inside steel containers. Different amounts of lime
and / or cement were used to stabilize the stone columns to increase its
efficiency. Loading tests were performed on each column in order to
determine its max. bearing capacity, the efficiency of each additive was
determined by comparing the results obtained of treated to untreated
columns (qt / qu). The results were (2.7) for soils treated with crushed stone
only, and (4, 5) for soils treated with crushed stone stabilized with (5%) and
(10%) lime respectively. The results also showed (3.5, 4) for soils treated
with crushed stone stabilized with (5%) and (10%) cement respectively. The
results of stabilizing stone columns with lime and cement showed that
(qt / qu) were (3.3, 3.7) for soils treated with crushed stone stabilized with
(2.5% lime + 2.5% cement) and (5% lime + 5% cement) respectively

In this work a laser scanning setup was designed and constructed by using Laser
speckle technique, in which a linear relationship between Laser speckle Contrast
and surface roughness . During the work standard stainless steel rough Surface was
been used. From the results it is found that incident angle HAS a great influence on the
measurements and this due to the saturation phenomena. For Incident angle (15°)
saturation takes place with(R=0.12 μm) AND for more roughness the contrast
decreased .When the incident angel become (30°) the contrast saturated at ( R= 0.12
μm) and stay constant for more roughness . At angle (75°) saturation in CONTRAST
TAKES place at(R=0.4μm) and the value of contrast less than that of 15° and 30°
angles.

The subject of research involve study of basic hydrolysis of lactone ring of
coumarin, 6-methyl coumarin and 6- amino coumarin in 70% (Ethanol – Water) at
equal and double concentration of base (NaOH) at five different temperatures by
electrical conductivity method and the results were interpreted according to the
transition state theory